Introduction Scenario Standard Conclusion Making Heterogeneous Ontologies Interoperable Through Standardisation A Meta Ontology Language to be Standardised for Ontology Integration and Interoperability (OntoIOp) AEGIS Conference Christoph Lange 1,2 , Till Mossakowski 1,3,4 , Christian Galinski 5 , Oliver Kutz 1,3 1 University of Bremen, Germany 2 Computer Science, Jacobs University Bremen, Germany 3 SFB/TR 8 “Spatial cognition”, University of Bremen, Germany 4 DFKI GmbH, Bremen, Germany 5 International Information Centre for Terminology (Infoterm), Vienna, Austria 2011-11-30 Lange et al. (U. Bremen/Infoterm) Making Heterogeneous Ontologies Interoperable Through Standardisation 2011-11-30 1
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Making Heterogeneous Ontologies Interoperable Through Standardisation
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Introduction Scenario Standard Conclusion
Making Heterogeneous OntologiesInteroperable Through Standardisation
AMeta Ontology Language to be Standardised forOntology Integration and Interoperability (OntoIOp)
AEGIS Conference
Christoph Lange1,2, Till Mossakowski1,3,4,Christian Galinski5, Oliver Kutz1,3
1 University of Bremen, Germany 2Computer Science, Jacobs University Bremen, Germany3SFB/TR 8 “Spatial cognition”, University of Bremen, Germany 4DFKI GmbH, Bremen, Germany
5International Information Centre for Terminology (Infoterm), Vienna, Austria
2011-11-30
Lange et al. (U. Bremen/Infoterm) Making Heterogeneous Ontologies Interoperable Through Standardisation 2011-11-30 1
OASIS =Open architecture for AccessibleServices Integration and Standardisation
Goal: an innovative reference architecture(based on ontologies and semanticservices) that allows plug and play andcost-effective interconnection of existingand new services in all domains requiredfor the independent and autonomousliving of the elderly and enhancing theirQuality of Life
http://www.oasis-project.eu
Lange et al. (U. Bremen/Infoterm) Making Heterogeneous Ontologies Interoperable Through Standardisation 2011-11-30 2
ScenarioClara instructs her wheelchair to get her to the kitchen (next door tothe living room). For dinner, she would like to take a pizza from thefreezer and bake it in the oven. (Her diet is vegetarian.) Afterwardsshe needs to rest in bed.
Existing AAL ontologies (e.g. OpenAAL, http://openaal.org)cover the core of these concepts:
. . . but not all required conceptse.g. food ingredients⇒ need other ontologies/moduleseven need to tap into the Web of Data (product data, geodata). . . not necessarily at the required level of complexitye.g. space/time⇒ need other logics
Lange et al. (U. Bremen/Infoterm) Making Heterogeneous Ontologies Interoperable Through Standardisation 2011-11-30 5
ScenarioClara instructs herwheelchair to get her to the kitchen (next doorto the living room). For dinner, she would like to take a pizza fromthe freezer and bake it in the oven. (Her diet is vegetarian.)Afterwards she needs to rest in bed.
Existing AAL ontologies (e.g. OpenAAL, http://openaal.org)cover the core of these concepts:
. . . but not all required conceptse.g. food ingredients⇒ need other ontologies/moduleseven need to tap into the Web of Data (product data, geodata). . . not necessarily at the required level of complexitye.g. space/time⇒ need other logics
Lange et al. (U. Bremen/Infoterm) Making Heterogeneous Ontologies Interoperable Through Standardisation 2011-11-30 5
ScenarioClara instructs herwheelchair to get her to the kitchen (next doorto the living room). For dinner, she would like to take a pizza fromthe freezer and bake it in the oven. (Her diet is vegetarian.)Afterwards she needs to rest in bed.
Existing AAL ontologies (e.g. OpenAAL, http://openaal.org)cover the core of these concepts:
. . . but not all required conceptse.g. food ingredients⇒ need other ontologies/moduleseven need to tap into the Web of Data (product data, geodata)
. . . not necessarily at the required level of complexitye.g. space/time⇒ need other logics
Lange et al. (U. Bremen/Infoterm) Making Heterogeneous Ontologies Interoperable Through Standardisation 2011-11-30 5
ScenarioClara instructs herwheelchair to get her to the kitchen (next doorto the living room). For dinner, she would like to take a pizza fromthe freezer and bake it in the oven. (Her diet is vegetarian.)Afterwards she needs to rest in bed.
Existing AAL ontologies (e.g. OpenAAL, http://openaal.org)cover the core of these concepts:
. . . but not all required conceptse.g. food ingredients⇒ need other ontologies/moduleseven need to tap into the Web of Data (product data, geodata). . . not necessarily at the required level of complexitye.g. space/time⇒ need other logics
Lange et al. (U. Bremen/Infoterm) Making Heterogeneous Ontologies Interoperable Through Standardisation 2011-11-30 5
Light Switch: “light is switched on if and only if someone is inthe room and it is dark outside”Freezer: “a vegetarian pizza is a pizza whose toppings are allvegetarian”
Wheelchair: “two areas in a house (e.g. a working area in aroom) are either the same, or intersecting, or bordering, orseparated, or one is part of the other”
Lange et al. (U. Bremen/Infoterm) Making Heterogeneous Ontologies Interoperable Through Standardisation 2011-11-30 7
Which logics can intuitively capture these notions?Light Switch: propositional logic“light is switched on if and only if someone is in the room and itis dark outside” – light_on ≡ person_in_room ∧ dark_outsideFreezer: description logic (Pizza ontology)“a vegetarian pizza is a pizza whose toppings are all vegetarian”VegetarianPizza ≡ Pizza ⊓ ∀hasTopping.VegetarianWheelchair: first order logic (RCC-style spatial calculus)“two areas in a house (e.g. a working area in a room) are eitherthe same, or intersecting, or bordering, or separated, or one ispart of the other”∀a1, a2.equal(a1, a2) ∨ overlapping(a1, a2) ∨ bordering(a1, a2) ∨disconnected(a1, a2) ∨ part_of(a1, a2) ∨ part_of(a2, a1)
Lange et al. (U. Bremen/Infoterm) Making Heterogeneous Ontologies Interoperable Through Standardisation 2011-11-30 8
DOL (Distributed Ontology Language)The DOL standard (Distributed Ontology Language) specifies
ameta-language for logically heterogeneous,modular,interlinked, and documented ontologieswith a formal semantics and an XML, RDF and text syntaxthat is compatible to conforming existing and futureontology languages.
In practice, interoperability can only be achieved via standards:formulate consensual rules under participation of majorstakeholders (here: ontology language communities)improve suitability of products, processes and servicesfacilitate communicationreduce complexity (and thus costs)increase quality via certification
Lange et al. (U. Bremen/Infoterm) Making Heterogeneous Ontologies Interoperable Through Standardisation 2011-11-30 9
The Example in DOL (Excerpt)logic <http://purl.net/dol/logic/OWL>ontology OurAAL = <http://openaal.org/SAM/Ontology#>then logic <http://purl.net/dol/logic/Propositional> : {props light_on, person_in_room, dark_outside. light_on <=> person_in_room /\ dark_outsidewith person_in_room |-> Room that inverse locatedIn Person min 1%% also establish links to OpenAAL’s Device
} then logic <http://purl.net/dol/logic/OWL> : {Class: VegetarianPizzaEquivalentTo: Pizza that hasTopping only Vegetarian
Individual: <http://productdb.org/ean/4001724819806>Facts: hasTopping Tomato, hasTopping Mozzarella %% and nothing else
%% also connect Pizza to the OpenAAL Devices Freezer and Oven} then logic <http://purl.net/dol/logic/CommonLogic> : {. (forall (a1 a2) (or (equal a1 a2) ... (part_of a2 a1))%% plus another axiom that makes the "or" exclusivewith %% establish link to OpenAAL’s Room connectedTo Room
} end
Relevant DOL features used here: literal inclusion of existinglanguages; modular reuse; links between ontologiesLange et al. (U. Bremen/Infoterm) Making Heterogeneous Ontologies Interoperable Through Standardisation 2011-11-30 10
The Example in DOL (Excerpt)logic <http://purl.net/dol/logic/OWL>ontology OurAAL = <http://openaal.org/SAM/Ontology#>then logic <http://purl.net/dol/logic/Propositional> : {props light_on, person_in_room, dark_outside. light_on <=> person_in_room /\ dark_outsidewith person_in_room |-> Room that inverse locatedIn Person min 1%% also establish links to OpenAAL’s Device
} then logic <http://purl.net/dol/logic/OWL> : {Class: VegetarianPizzaEquivalentTo: Pizza that hasTopping only Vegetarian
Individual: <http://productdb.org/ean/4001724819806>Facts: hasTopping Tomato, hasTopping Mozzarella %% and nothing else
%% also connect Pizza to the OpenAAL Devices Freezer and Oven} then logic <http://purl.net/dol/logic/CommonLogic> : {. (forall (a1 a2) (or (equal a1 a2) ... (part_of a2 a1))%% plus another axiom that makes the "or" exclusivewith %% establish link to OpenAAL’s Room connectedTo Room
} end
Relevant DOL features used here: literal inclusion of existinglanguages; modular reuse; links between ontologiesLange et al. (U. Bremen/Infoterm) Making Heterogeneous Ontologies Interoperable Through Standardisation 2011-11-30 10
The Example in DOL (Excerpt)logic <http://purl.net/dol/logic/OWL>ontology OurAAL = <http://openaal.org/SAM/Ontology#>then logic <http://purl.net/dol/logic/Propositional> : {props light_on, person_in_room, dark_outside. light_on <=> person_in_room /\ dark_outsidewith person_in_room |-> Room that inverse locatedIn Person min 1%% also establish links to OpenAAL’s Device
} then logic <http://purl.net/dol/logic/OWL> : {Class: VegetarianPizzaEquivalentTo: Pizza that hasTopping only Vegetarian
Individual: <http://productdb.org/ean/4001724819806>Facts: hasTopping Tomato, hasTopping Mozzarella %% and nothing else
%% also connect Pizza to the OpenAAL Devices Freezer and Oven} then logic <http://purl.net/dol/logic/CommonLogic> : {. (forall (a1 a2) (or (equal a1 a2) ... (part_of a2 a1))%% plus another axiom that makes the "or" exclusivewith %% establish link to OpenAAL’s Room connectedTo Room
} end
Relevant DOL features used here: literal inclusion of existinglanguages; modular reuse; links between ontologiesLange et al. (U. Bremen/Infoterm) Making Heterogeneous Ontologies Interoperable Through Standardisation 2011-11-30 10
The Example in DOL (Excerpt)logic <http://purl.net/dol/logic/OWL>ontology OurAAL = <http://openaal.org/SAM/Ontology#>then logic <http://purl.net/dol/logic/Propositional> : {props light_on, person_in_room, dark_outside. light_on <=> person_in_room /\ dark_outsidewith person_in_room |-> Room that inverse locatedIn Person min 1%% also establish links to OpenAAL’s Device
} then logic <http://purl.net/dol/logic/OWL> : {Class: VegetarianPizzaEquivalentTo: Pizza that hasTopping only Vegetarian
Individual: <http://productdb.org/ean/4001724819806>Facts: hasTopping Tomato, hasTopping Mozzarella %% and nothing else
%% also connect Pizza to the OpenAAL Devices Freezer and Oven} then logic <http://purl.net/dol/logic/CommonLogic> : {. (forall (a1 a2) (or (equal a1 a2) ... (part_of a2 a1))%% plus another axiom that makes the "or" exclusivewith %% establish link to OpenAAL’s Room connectedTo Room
} end
Relevant DOL features used here: literal inclusion of existinglanguages; modular reuse; links between ontologiesLange et al. (U. Bremen/Infoterm) Making Heterogeneous Ontologies Interoperable Through Standardisation 2011-11-30 10
The Example in DOL (Excerpt)logic <http://purl.net/dol/logic/OWL>ontology OurAAL = <http://openaal.org/SAM/Ontology#>then logic <http://purl.net/dol/logic/Propositional> : {props light_on, person_in_room, dark_outside. light_on <=> person_in_room /\ dark_outsidewith person_in_room |-> Room that inverse locatedIn Person min 1%% also establish links to OpenAAL’s Device
} then logic <http://purl.net/dol/logic/OWL> : {Class: VegetarianPizzaEquivalentTo: Pizza that hasTopping only Vegetarian
Individual: <http://productdb.org/ean/4001724819806>Facts: hasTopping Tomato, hasTopping Mozzarella %% and nothing else
%% also connect Pizza to the OpenAAL Devices Freezer and Oven} then logic <http://purl.net/dol/logic/CommonLogic> : {. (forall (a1 a2) (or (equal a1 a2) ... (part_of a2 a1))%% plus another axiom that makes the "or" exclusivewith %% establish link to OpenAAL’s Room connectedTo Room
} end
Relevant DOL features used here: literal inclusion of existinglanguages; modular reuse; links between ontologiesLange et al. (U. Bremen/Infoterm) Making Heterogeneous Ontologies Interoperable Through Standardisation 2011-11-30 10
The Example in DOL (Excerpt)logic <http://purl.net/dol/logic/OWL>ontology OurAAL = <http://openaal.org/SAM/Ontology#>then logic <http://purl.net/dol/logic/Propositional> : {props light_on, person_in_room, dark_outside. light_on <=> person_in_room /\ dark_outsidewith person_in_room |-> Room that inverse locatedIn Person min 1%% also establish links to OpenAAL’s Device
} then logic <http://purl.net/dol/logic/OWL> : {Class: VegetarianPizzaEquivalentTo: Pizza that hasTopping only Vegetarian
Individual: <http://productdb.org/ean/4001724819806>Facts: hasTopping Tomato, hasTopping Mozzarella %% and nothing else
%% also connect Pizza to the OpenAAL Devices Freezer and Oven} then logic <http://purl.net/dol/logic/CommonLogic> : {. (forall (a1 a2) (or (equal a1 a2) ... (part_of a2 a1))%% plus another axiom that makes the "or" exclusivewith %% establish link to OpenAAL’s Room connectedTo Room
} end
Relevant DOL features used here: literal inclusion of existinglanguages; modular reuse; links between ontologiesLange et al. (U. Bremen/Infoterm) Making Heterogeneous Ontologies Interoperable Through Standardisation 2011-11-30 10