Making Cents of LEDs How (and Why) to Choose and Use Emerging Lighting Technologies Your environmental voice since 1970 www.cleanwisconsin.org | Twitter: @cleanwisconsin 9th Annual Green Energy Summit and Exposition Breakout Session 1-1 Tyson Cook Staff Scientist, Clean Wisconsin
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Making Cents of LEDsHow (and Why) to Choose and
Use Emerging Lighting Technologies
Your environmental voice since 1970 www.cleanwisconsin.org | Twitter: @cleanwisconsin
9th Annual Green Energy Summit and Exposition
Breakout Session 1-1
Tyson CookStaff Scientist, Clean Wisconsin
Outline
What is Sustainability?
• Brundtland Report (1987): “meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs”
• Three pillars: social, environmental, economic
• For businesses: “Triple Bottom Line”– People, Planet, Profit
• Live well, leave well
How is energy efficiency sustainable?
• People– Health, other quality of life impacts from air,
water pollution, etc.
• Planet– Environmental impacts from air, water
pollution, water use, resource extraction, etc.
• Profit– U.S. commercial sector spending on energy
in 2009: $170,100,000,000 ($170.1 billion )
Why LEDs/ Why now?
• Lighting is often the cheapest and easiest efficiency upgrade
• LEDs are the most efficient lights(in many applications)
• Prices are now competitive over lifespan
(in many applications)
What are LEDs?
• LED stands for “Light Emitting Diode”
• “Solid State” technology– Like a solar panel in reverse
• Complete LED light = driver, diode, phosphor, lens, heat sink, wiring–May be replacement bulb, or complete
“luminaire”
How are LEDs different?
• There’s no filament, no gas, etc. – they’re a different technology (solid state)
• They are directional• They can be long-lived• They don’t (usually) burn out – they
gradually dim• There are tons of options
How are LEDs sustainable?• Compared to other lights, LEDs can:
– Work Better• More options for improved light quality
– Use Less• 6x as efficient as 60w bulb, 1.5x as efficient as CFL …and improving
– Waste Less• Lasts 25x as long as 60w, 2.5x as long as CFL … and no mercury
– Cost Less• Energy + maintenance savings over life > initial premium
• Seems to fit the bill
Pros and Cons of LEDs
Pros• Efficient• Long-lasting• Non-hazardous• Produce less heat• Directional• Lots of options
Cons• Expensive• Sensitive to heat• Directional• Lots of options
Back-of-the-Envelope Comparison: Parking Lot
Lights
Cost, use data from: M Myer, R Goettel, “Demonstration Assessment of Light-Emitting Diode (LED) Parking Lot Lighting at T.J.Maxx in Manchester, NH, Phase I.” Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , June 2010
Emissions, mercury data from: US EIA, WDNR, NEWMOA
Total Bulbs Needed 2 3 1 1Mercury in Bulbs (mg) 60 678 0 60
Back-of-the-Envelope Comparison: General (A)
Lamps
Assumptions: light on 3,000 hours per year, $0.10 per kWh, $1.67 in labor to replace a bulb, 6% discount rateEmissions, mercury data from: US EIA, WDNR, NEWMOA
Incandescent Dimmable CFL “L-Prize” LED LED Savings
Total Bulbs Needed 30 3 1 29Mercury in Bulbs (mg) 0 1.3 0 0
What to look for when choosing LEDs
C olorE fficacyL ifeL imitationsS upport
Color E L L S
• Correlated Color Temperature (CCT)What tint is the light?
–Rated in Kelvin, from <2,700 (reddish) to >6,000 (blueish)–60w bulb ~2,700k, “Warm white” ~3,000k–Mostly a matter of preference, but make sure they match!
• Color Rendering Index (CRI)How vibrant are colors under the light?
–Average reflection from a defined 8 color palette (R1 – R8)–Ranges from 0-100