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Slide 1
Major turning point in human history The Worlds of the 15 th
Century
Slide 2
Human Communities Paleolithic: Australia, Siberia, parts of
Africa and the Americas Australia and Northwest coast of North
America Both very different Agricultural Village Societies: North
America, Africa (south of equator), South America, SE Asia Avoided
oppressive authority
Slide 3
Herding Peoples Turkic warrior Timur (Timerlane) tried to
restore the Mongol Empire ca. 1400 His army devastated Russia,
Persia, and India Died in 1405 while preparing invasion of China
His successors kept control of area b/t Persia and Afghanistan for
100 years Timurs conquest was the LAST great military success of
Central Asian nomads
Slide 4
1500s China and Europe Ming Dynasty Disrupted by Mongol rule
and plague Recovery 1368-1644 Confucian learning Yongle =
Encyclopedia (wisdom of past) Reestablished civil service
examination Highly centralized government Court eunuchs Planted 1
billion trees Yongle commissioned massive maritime fleet Possibly
the most prosperous civilizations of it time
Slide 5
Europe Pop began to rise again in 1450 State building BUT
fragmented with many independent states The Hundred Years War
(1337-1453) Renaissance reclamation of classical Greece Began in
Italy (1350-1500) Greater naturalism in art da Vinci, Raphael,
Michelangelo humanist scholars to explore secular topics
Slide 6
Europe cont Maritime voyaging 1415 Portuguese voyages 1492
Columbus 1497-1498 Vasco da Gama Small in comparison to Chinese
voyages Europeans were seeking wealth, converts, and allies Used
violence to carve out empires Chinese voyages ended European ones
increased Rivalry b/t states increased competition China had
everything it needed/Europeans wanted more Chinas food produced
internally
Slide 7
Slide 8
Islamic World 4 major states or empires Islamic Heartland:
Ottoman and Safavid Empires 1. Ottoman Empire lasted from 14 th to
20 th century Huge territory Anatolia, eastern Europe, Middle East,
North African coast Sultans claimed the title caliph and the legacy
of the Abbasids Attempted to bring unity to Islamic world
Aggressive towards Christian lands = Constantinople in 1453, siege
of Vienna in 1529, Europeans feared Turkish expansion 2. Safavid
Empire emerged in Persia from a Sufi religious order Established
after 1500 and imposed Shia Islam as official religion Sunni
Ottoman Empire and Shia Safavid Empire fought periodically between
1534-1639
Slide 9
Islamic Heartland cont.. 3. The Songhay Empire rose in West
Africa Islam was limited to urban elites Sonni Ali followed Muslim
practices but was also regarded as a magician with much charm Major
center of Islamic learning/trade 4. Mughal Empire India, created by
a Turkic group that invaded India in 1526 Gained control over most
of India Tried to create partnership between Hindus and Muslims
Hindu kingdom of Vijayanagara continued to flourish in south
Slide 10
The age of these 4 great Muslim empires is sometimes called a
second flowering of Islam Energy, prosperity, cultural brilliance
Spread of Islam to SE Asia Malacca major Muslim port city in
fifteenth century Mulaccan Islam blended with Hindu/Buddhist
traditions
Slide 11
The Americas - Aztecs Seminomadic people who migrated southward
from N. Mexico and est. themselves on an island in Lake Texcoco by
1325 Capital = Tenochtitlan Loosely structured 5-6 million people
Trade included slaves sacrifice
Slide 12
Incas Andes mountains 2500 miles long Emperor was absolute
ruler 80 provinces with an Inca governor Quipus recorded population
data Quechua language Cuzco capital Everyone performed labor (mita)
Both practiced gender parallelism
Slide 13
Religion Christendom = divided into RC and Eastern Orthodoxy
Buddhism linked people in China, Korea, Tibet, Japan, and parts of
the Southeast Asia Islam brought people together through the annual
hajj, yet conflict still existed.
Slide 14
Trade Trade was almost everywhere Silk Road network was
contracting Ocean trade pick up in the West Atlantic/Indian
Ocean
Slide 15
Looking to the Modern Era 1500-2000 Modern human society
emerged first in Europe in the nineteenth century and then
throughout the world Core feature industrialization Massive pop
increase Favor urban wealth over rural landowning elites States
become more powerful The Modern Revolution was just as important as
the A.R. Revealed new economic inequalities
Slide 16
Western Europe After 1500, Western Europe became the most
innovative, prosperous, powerful part of the world Spread of
European languages and Christian religion throughout the world
Initiated the Scientific Revolution and the Industrial Revolution
Isms: liberalism, nationalism, feminism, socialism Rest of the
world was confronted by powerful, intrusive Europeans