Major Innovation Light-emitting diode (LED) lightning 17 th November 2014 Microsoft Innovation Center, Brussels 17 November 2014JIIP Symposium 20141.

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Major InnovationLight-emitting diode (LED)

lightning17th November 2014

Microsoft Innovation Center, Brussels

17 November 2014

JIIP Symposium 2014 217 November 2014

• LED is a man-made semiconductor, composed of gallium & nitrogen (gallium nitride), that generates light when electric current is passed through it

• LED produces light by combining positive and negative charges inside a chip which consists of semiconductor material

• The type of semiconductor used determines the colour of emitted light, ranging from infrared to red, yellow, green, blue, violet, and ultraviolet

Light-emitting diode (LED)

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Overview on LED innovation

17 November 2014

• Blue & white LED is scientific and technological breakthrough and radical innovation which – has revolutionized lighting and lightning industry– is substantially more energy-efficient than traditional

lightning sources, and thus… – enables enormous energy savings and CO2 emission

reductions, and, – as LED produces less heat, less electricity is needed for

cooling & air-conditioning – is disruptive & totally new lightning technology– enables new entrants to lightning markets

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Research &technology landscape

17 November 2014

• Critical contributions– long history since electroluminescence by Henry J. Round

(Marconi Labs) (1907) and first LED by Oleg Lesov (1927)– Semiconductor material (gallium nitride) research at RCA (US) by

Jaques Pankove, Herbert Maruska etc. in 1960s – 1st white LED by Isamu Akasaki (Meijo and Nagoya Univ.) and

Hiroshi Amano (Nagoya Univ.) in 1989– Shuji Nakamura (Nichia R&D, Univ. of California, Santa Barbara):

new low-cost method of white LED production, processing, commercialisation, scaling-up of technology

• Industries– in 1960s initiative in the U.S., then gradual shift to Japan, in

Europe Philips & Osram (spin-off of Siemens 2013)

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Global LED patenting

17 November 2014

• Japanese Nichia Chemical, Toyoda Gosei – currently globally leading LED patent holders

• Philips: strongest U.S. patent portfolio in LED technology

• Recently fast growth in patenting of Asian companies, especially Korean Samsung and LG

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Evolution of LED efficiency

17 November 2014

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Evolution of lightning

17 November 2014

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Market breakthrough for LED applications

17 November 2014(Source: Pham-Gia 2011)

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Global LED market evolution

17 November 2014

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Revenue forecast for LED lightning market

17 November 2014

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LED value chain

17 November 2014(Source: Frost & Sullivan)

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Impacts of LED

17 November 2014

• Scientific & technological – breakthrough, radical, disruptive

• Economic & industrial– electricity cost cut potential even 70% --

replacement potential of 3 (of 9) nuclear power plants in in Germany (*)

– convergence of traditional lightning manufacturing industry and semiconductor industry

• Social, ecological and environmental– enormous energy savings and CO2 emission reductions– off-grid regions in developing economies e.g. replacement of

kerosine lightning, purification of water by ultraviolet Led(*) McKinsey & Company: Lightning the Way: Perspectives on the global lightning market (2012)

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Policy impact

17 November 2014

• In 1960-1970s material & semi-conductor technology & early LED technology in context of defence & space technology, in U.S. by NASA, DARPA (*)

• U.S. DoE Next Generation Lightning Initiative in 2000 • Philips Lightning North America: in 2011 U.S. DoE: Bright Tomorrow

Lightning Prize ($10 million)• Dr. Nakamura: ”free hands” to develop LED technology• Impact of regulation in U.S., Europe, Asia: shift to less energy

intensive lightning, mitigation of CO2 emissions, etc.• In Asia, especially in China huge investments in LED, also in Korea by

Samsung & LG• Policy matters: positive correlation of national programs & funding,

and LED patenting(*) U.S. Defence Advanced Research Projects Agency

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EU FP5-FP7 funding overtime

17 November 2014

Annual EC-contribution to MI development (left axis and columns) and overall FP-funding (right-axis and line). Note: EC contribution to companies not available for FP5.

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Lessons

17 November 2014

• Conclusions– LED is example of technology & innovation which has

required patient long-term R&D activities– Regulation as technology development driver – Regional differences: U.S. – China & Asia – Europe

• EU companies – fast enough reactions? - for example U.S. has promoted commercialisation of LED technology

• For discussion– Opportunities for European industries?– Role for EU level & national European policies?