Maipu ROUTER Series Ppt

Maipu Router’s introduction

One centimetre width, but one kilometre depths

Topics

• OSI Layer Introduction• IP Address & Subnet Details• Router Introduction with Service Modules• Router’s Configuration Mode• Troubleshooting • Maipu Masterplan NMS

OPEN System Interconnect – OSI LayerOPEN System Interconnect – OSI Layer

OSI Layers

The OSI reference model consists of seven layers, each of which can (and typically does) have several sub layers.

The upper layers of the OSI reference model (application, presentation, session, and transport - Layers 7, 6, 5, and 4) define functions focused on the application.

The lower three layers (network, data link, and physical—Layers 3, 2, and 1) define functions focused on End to-end delivery of the data.

OSI – Layer StructureOSI – Layer Structure

OSI – Reference Model Details - 1OSI – Reference Model Details - 1

OSI Layer Name Functional Description Examples

Application ( Layer – 7) An application that communicates with other computers is implementing OSI application layer concepts. The application layer refers to communications services to applications.

Telnet, HTTP, FTP , WWW Browser , SMTP and SNMP

Presentation (Layer – 6) This layer’s main purpose is defining data formats, such as ASCII text, EBCDIC text, binary, BCD, and JPEG. Encryption also is defined by OSI as a presentation layer service

JPEG, ASCII, EBCDIC ,TIFF , GIF , MPEG

Session ( Layer – 5) The session layer defines how to start, control, and end conversations (called sessions).

RPC, SQL, NetBios names, AppleTalk ASP,

OSI – Reference Model Details - 2OSI – Reference Model Details - 2

OSI Layer Name Functional Description Examples

Transport (Layer – 4) Layer 4 includes the choice of protocols that either do or do not provide error recovery. Multiplexing of incoming data for different flows to applications on the same host (for example, TCP sockets) is also performed.

TCP, UDP, SPX

Network (Layer – 3) This layer defines end-to-end delivery of packets. Toaccomplish this, the network layer defines logical addressing so that any endpoint can be identified.

IP, IPX, AppleTalkDDP, ICMP

Data Link (Layer –2) The data link (Layer 2) specifications are concerned with getting data across one particular link or medium. The data link protocols define delivery across an individual link.

IEEE 802.3/802.2,HDLC, Frame Relay,PPP, FDDI, ATM, IEEE802.5/802.2

Physical (Layer – 1) These physical layer (Layer 1) specifications, which are also typically standards from other organizations that are referred to by OSI, deal with the physical characteristics of the transmission medium. Connectors, pins, use of pins, electrical currents, encoding, and light modulation are all part of different physical layer specifications.

EIA/TIA-232, V.35,EIA/TIA-449, V.24,RJ45, Ethernet, 802.3,802.5, FDDI, NRZI,NRZ, B8ZS

Discussion between the LayersDiscussion between the Layers

OSI Layers Interaction between ComputersOSI Layers Interaction between Computers

• An IP (Internet Protocol) address is a unique identifier for a node or host connection on an IP network

• An IP address is a 32 bit binary number usually represented as 4 decimal values, each representing 8 bits, in the range 0 to 255 (known as octets) separated by decimal points

• This is known as "dotted decimal" notation.

• Example : 140.179.220.200

• Every IP address consists of two parts, one identifying the network and one identifying the node.

• The Class of the address and the subnet mask determine which part belongs to the network address and which part belongs to the node address.

IP AddressingIP Addressing

• There are 5 different address classes. You can determine which class any IP address is in by examining the first 4 bits of the IP address.

• Class A addresses begin with 0xxx, or 1 to 126 decimal. • Class B addresses begin with 10xx, or 128 to 191 decimal. • Class C addresses begin with 110x, or 192 to 223 decimal. • Class D addresses begin with 1110, or 224 to 239 decimal. • Class E addresses begin with 1111, or 240 to 254 decimal.

• Over all it’s a combination of 8 bits like 128+64+32+16+8+4+2+1 = 255• like 0+ 0 + 0+ 0+0+0+0+1 = 1

• So 255.255.255.255 , in this case all the 8 bits in all the class are full

• For example 128.0.0.0 = 10000000 = 128 +0+0+0+0+0+0+0 = 128

• For Example 192.0.0.0.0 = 11000000 = 128 +64+0+0+0+0+0+0 = 192

• Similarly if we get the IP like 1.1.1.1 which is equivalent to 00000001 . 00000001.00000001.00000001

• Similarly for 128.128.128.128 = 10000000.10000000.10000000 .10000000

IP Addressing - Address ClassesIP Addressing - Address Classes

• Addresses beginning with 01111111, or 127 decimal, are reserved for loopback and for internal testing on a local machine. For Example [Ping 127.0.0.0 – t ]

• [You can test this: you should always be able to ping 127.0.0.1, which points to yourself]

• Class D addresses are reserved for multicasting. Class E addresses are reserved for future use. They should not be used for host addresses [ for computers]

• Now we can see how the Class determines, by default, which part of the IP address belongs to the network (N) and which part belongs to the node (n).

• Class A -- NNNNNNNN.nnnnnnnn.nnnnnnn.nnnnnnn • Class B -- NNNNNNNN.NNNNNNNN.nnnnnnnn.nnnnnnnn • Class C -- NNNNNNNN.NNNNNNNN.NNNNNNNN.nnnnnnnn

• It is like 128,64,32,16,8,4,2,1 = all filled equivalent to = 255 [ class full]

• Class A IP = 10.0.0.0• Class B IP = 192.196.0.0• Class C IP = 202.240.192.0

IP Addressing - Address ClassesIP Addressing - Address Classes

Private Subnets

• There are three IP network addresses reserved for private networks.

• The addresses are 10.0.0.0/8, 172.16.0.0/12, and 192.168.0.0/16.

• They can be used by anyone setting up internal IP networks, such as a lab or home LAN behind a NAT or proxy server or a router.

• It is always safe to use these because routers on the Internet will never forward packets coming from these addresses

Subnetting

• Subnetting an IP Network can be done for a variety of reasons, including organization, use of different physical media (such as Ethernet, FDDI, WAN, etc.), preservation of address space, and security.

• The most common reason is to control network traffic.

• In an Ethernet network, all nodes on a segment see all the packets transmitted by all the other nodes on that segment.

• Performance can be adversely affected under heavy traffic loads, due to collisions and the resulting retransmissions.

• A router is used to connect IP networks to minimize the amount of traffic each segment must receive.

Subnet Mask

• Applying a subnet mask to an IP address allows you to identify the network and node parts of the address.

• The network bits are represented by the 1s in the mask, and the node bits are represented by the 0s

• 10001100.10110011.11110000.11001000 = 140.179.240.200 Class B IP Address 11111111.11111111.00000000.00000000 = 255.255.000.000 Default Class B Subnet Mask

• 10001100.10110011.00000000.00000000 = 140.179.000.000 Network Address

• Default subnet masks:

• Class A - 255.0.0.0 - 11111111.00000000.00000000.00000000 • Class B - 255.255.0.0 - 11111111.11111111.00000000.00000000 • Class C - 255.255.255.0 - 11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000

RM2 series

Service Module

MP801E hardware

MP801E-DC

IPSec +SNAIPSecSNA

RM2-1ETERM2-1M128RM2-1M336RM2-1CElRM2-1E1RM2-1URM2-1STRM2-1/2VOPRM2-1/2VOSRM2-1SAE

MP801E rear panel

Modules DetailsModules Details

RM2-1ETE

Interface type RJ45

Port density 1

standard 802.3

C1212-1002 CABETH-RJ45M-S-RJ45M Straight-through Ethernet Cable default 1

C1212-1003 CABETH-RJ45M-X-RJ45M Cross-over Ethernet Cable optional 1

RM2-1CE1Interface type BNC

Port density 1

standard G.703

protocol ·PPP·X.25·HDLC·FR

C3434-1040

CABE1/CE1-BNCM-S-BNCM

BNC Male to BNC Male Cable default 2

C3400-1129

CABE1/CE1-BNCM-OPEN

BNC male to UTP converting cable for E1/CE1 module

optional 2

RM2-1U, RM2-1ST

C1000-1000 CAB-RJ11M-OPEN RJ11 to Open Telephone Line default 1

C1010-1001 CAB-RJ11M-S-RJ11M RJ11 Telephone Line default 1

Interface Type RJ45

Port Density 1

Standard PPP

Protocol ·IP

RM2-1E1Interface Type BNC

Port Density 1

Standard G.703

Link Protocol·X.25·FR

Link Protocols·PPP·HDLC

C3434-1040 CABE1/CE1-BNCM-S-BNCM BNC Male to BNC Male Cable default 2

C3400-1129 CABE1/CE1-BNCM-OPENBNC male to UTP converting cable for

E1/CE1 moduleoptional 2

RM2-1SAE

Port Details DB25-DB25 DB25-DB25

Interface Type V.24 V.35 EIA/TIA-232

DTEDCE

DTEDCE

Min. Speed（ bps）

1200 1200 300

Max Speed（ bps）

128K 8M 115.2K

Protocol Supported ·X25·HDLC·PPP·SLIP·FR·LAPB

·

·HDLC·PPP·SLIP

C2130-1009 CAB-DB25FC-S-V35MT DTE Cable for V35 default 1

C2131-1010 CAB-DB25FC-X-V35FC DCE Cable for V35 optional 1

C2120-1004 CAB-V24FC-S-V24MT Straight-through Cable for V24 default 1

C2121-1006 CABSNA-V24FC-X-V24FC Cross-over DCE Cable of V24 for SNA optional 1

MP 801E

Basic Router

Basic Details

Maipu’s Router Series Support InfoExpress IOS system

Maipu routers provides users with four typical configuration modes

o Use the command shell to configure through the console interface;o Configuration through LINE interface of 56/336 modem module;o Configuration through Telnet remote log in a router;o Configuration through SNMP network management system.

InfoExpress IOS of Maipu’s MP Router series provides a special subsystem dealing with commands for management and execution of system commands, which is called shell.

o Registration of system commandso User edit of system configuration commandso Syntax parsing of commands inputted by users (through interface console or Telnet link )o Execution of system command

The Shell subsystem presently provides the following modes for running The Shell subsystem presently provides the following modes for running

the configuring commandsthe configuring commands Common user mode…………Common user mode………… (User EXEC)(User EXEC)

Privileged user mode………Privileged user mode……… (Privileged EXEC)(Privileged EXEC)

Global configuration mode…………..Global configuration mode………….. (Global configuration)(Global configuration)

Interface configuration mode ………. Interface configuration mode ………. (Interface configuration)(Interface configuration)

Route configuration modeRoute configuration mode ……………. ……………. (route configuration)(route configuration)

File system configuration mode……….File system configuration mode………. (file system configuration)(file system configuration)

Access list configuration mode……….. Access list configuration mode……….. (access list configuration)(access list configuration)

Voice-port configuration mode……….Voice-port configuration mode………. (voice-port configuration)(voice-port configuration)

Dial-peer configuration mode………… Dial-peer configuration mode………… (dial-peer configuring) (dial-peer configuring)

Encryption transform configuration mode…… Encryption transform configuration mode…… (crypto transform-set configuration)(crypto transform-set configuration)

Encryption mapping configuration modeEncryption mapping configuration mode ……..…….. (crypto map configuration)(crypto map configuration)

IKE policy configuration mode………………. IKE policy configuration mode………………. (isakmp configuration)(isakmp configuration)

Pub key chain configuration mode…………Pub key chain configuration mode………… (pubkey-chain configuration)(pubkey-chain configuration)

Pub key configuration mode………………Pub key configuration mode……………… (pubkey-key configuration)(pubkey-key configuration)

DHCP configuration modeDHCP configuration mode ……………….………………. (dhcp configuration)(dhcp configuration)

Router Configuration ModeRouter Configuration Mode

configuring the router configuring the router

PC for

confi gurati on

Cabl e ofconfi guri ng prot

Seri al of PC

Confi guri ngport

MAI PUROUTER

Constructi ng l ocalconfi gurati on envi ronment

Configuring the parameters of the serial communication port -

Baud ratio (Bits per second) --- 9600bps

Data bits --- 8

Parity ---no

Stop bit----1

Flow control---None

Power on the router, and press Enter keyPower on the router, and press Enter keythen a prompt “router>”will be displayed on the terminal then a prompt “router>”will be displayed on the terminal

Command Line InterfaceCommand Line Interface

Command Line interface provides the following functions:Command Line interface provides the following functions: - System help information management;- System help information management;

- Inputting and editing of system commands;- Inputting and editing of system commands;

- Interface history commands management;- Interface history commands management;

- Terminal displaying system Management.- Terminal displaying system Management.

Command Line On-Line HelpCommand Line On-Line Help In any command mode, type help to obtain simple descriptions about the help system:In any command mode, type help to obtain simple descriptions about the help system:

ExamplesExamplesrouter>helprouter>help

1.1. Full help is available when you are ready to enter a command argument (e.g. 'show ?') Full help is available when you are ready to enter a command argument (e.g. 'show ?')

2.2. Partial help is provided when an abbreviated argument is entered and you want to know which Partial help is provided when an abbreviated argument is entered and you want to know which arguments match the input (e.g. 'show pr?'.) arguments match the input (e.g. 'show pr?'.)

3.3. Router # ? – this will give you list of commands in the privileged user mode Router # ? – this will give you list of commands in the privileged user mode

4.4. Or you can mention Router # Show ? - will show you list of commands work with show Or you can mention Router # Show ? - will show you list of commands work with show parametersparameters

5.5. like ------- Router # show llc2 --------- will show you LLC2 status… like ------- Router # show llc2 --------- will show you LLC2 status…

Error Message of Command Line Error Message of Command Line

If the syntax is correct, then the commands will be executed correctly,If the syntax is correct, then the commands will be executed correctly,otherwise error messages will be reported to users. Common error messages are shown :otherwise error messages will be reported to users. Common error messages are shown :

Error message Reason for Error

% Invalid input detected at '^' marker.Unknown

Cannot find the command.

Cannot find keywords.

Parameter type of is wrong.

The parameter value is beyond the range.

Type “*** ?” for a list of subcommands The input command is not integrate.

Error prompt messages of Command LineError prompt messages of Command Line

Router System ConfigurationRouter System Configuration

Configuration task

Command Command function

Running mode Typical example

Configuring a name

hostname Changing the router name

Configuration mode

router(config)#hostname router

Configuring a calendar

clockConfiguring the system calendar

Privileged user mode

router#clock 2001 11 15 9 25 10

Configuring system users

userAdding system users

Configuration mode

router(config)#user Maipuxf password 0 Maipu 1

List of System Configuration CommandsList of System Configuration Commands

Command Task

router#configure terminal

Or Router# config t

Executes the command #configure terminal in the Privileged user mode to enter the global configuration mode.

router(config)#hostname router_1 Executes the command hostname with the parameter “router_1” in the global configuration mode to change the system name.

router_1(config)# The new system command begins to come into effect in the next display of the system prompt.

Configuring the System NameConfiguring the System Name

How to enter in Global Configuration mode ? From PrivilegeHow to enter in Global Configuration mode ? From PrivilegeUser modeUser mode

Configuring the System UserConfiguring the System User

Adding a System User:

router#configure terminal

Enter the global configuration mode

router(config)#user Maipu password 0 Maipu Add a user “Maipu” to the system with its corresponding password “Maipu”

Given password is set by “enable password level” command , so you have to mentioned

Router>enableYou will get router#

Configuring the superuser :

router#configure terminal

Enter the global configuration mode

router(config)#user root password 0 root Add a user “root” to the system with its corresponding password “root”

router#show user This will give you the list of configured user in the router

Router(config)# no user Maipu Delete the system user “Maipu”

Loading of the Router Configuration fileLoading of the Router Configuration file

• The configuration file of Maipu routers can be edited in a text editor (for example, wordpad)The configuration file of Maipu routers can be edited in a text editor (for example, wordpad)• It can be downloaded to router through FTP or TFTP. It can be downloaded to router through FTP or TFTP. •This operation can be used by terminal users or through Telnet.This operation can be used by terminal users or through Telnet.

• The following example is given to explain how to download the router configuration file through FTP:The following example is given to explain how to download the router configuration file through FTP:

EXAMPLEEXAMPLE•Step 1: Edit the configuration file named config on a computer;Step 1: Edit the configuration file named config on a computer;•Step 2: Starting the FTP SERVER on the computer;Step 2: Starting the FTP SERVER on the computer;•Step 3: Executing the command ftpcopy in the file configuration mode of the router to download from the Step 3: Executing the command ftpcopy in the file configuration mode of the router to download from the computer computer

•It can be shown as follows:It can be shown as follows:•router#filesystemrouter#filesystem •router(config-fs)#ftpcopy router(config-fs)#ftpcopy A.B.C.D router router1 j:\ config startupA.B.C.D router router1 j:\ config startup

PC IP address/ user name / password / directory / file name / local file namePC IP address/ user name / password / directory / file name / local file name

Saving the Current System Configurations Saving the Current System Configurations

1) router#copy running-config startup-config1) router#copy running-config startup-config Or use another command:Or use another command: router#write startup-configrouter#write startup-config

  The following command can be executed to save the current running configuration into the remote host throuThe following command can be executed to save the current running configuration into the remote host through TFTP:gh TFTP:

2) router#copy running-config tftp 2) router#copy running-config tftp A.B.C.DA.B.C.D WORDWORD The address of the remote hostThe address of the remote host  The following command can be executed to save the startup configuration file into the remote host through TThe following command can be executed to save the startup configuration file into the remote host through TFTP:FTP:

3) 3) router#copy startup-config tftp router#copy startup-config tftp A.B.C.DA.B.C.D WORDWORD  The following command can be executed to save the configuration files of the remote host into the startup conThe following command can be executed to save the configuration files of the remote host into the startup configuration file (STARTUP) of the router through TFTP:figuration file (STARTUP) of the router through TFTP:

4) router#copy tftp A.B.C.D 4) router#copy tftp A.B.C.D WORDWORD startup-config startup-config

Interface type supported by Maipu series routersInterface type supported by Maipu series routers

• Configuring Ethernet interfacesConfiguring Ethernet interfaces• Configuring high-speed serial interfacesConfiguring high-speed serial interfaces• Configuring a 16-asyn-port/printing moduleConfiguring a 16-asyn-port/printing module• Configuring a CE1 moduleConfiguring a CE1 module• Configuring an 8-syn-port moduleConfiguring an 8-syn-port module• Configuring a built-in base-band modem moduleConfiguring a built-in base-band modem module• Configuring a built-in frequency-band modem moduleConfiguring a built-in frequency-band modem module• Configuring an ISDN moduleConfiguring an ISDN module

Interface ConfigurationInterface Configuration

Configuring Interfaces Configuring Interfaces

1.The connection situation of physical interfaces, physical operational modes and1.The connection situation of physical interfaces, physical operational modes and related operational parameters;related operational parameters; 2. For a WAN interface, the link-layer encapsulation protocol and operational parameters2. For a WAN interface, the link-layer encapsulation protocol and operational parameters should be appointed between the WAN interface and the opposite-end interface should be appointed between the WAN interface and the opposite-end interface connected with the WAN interface.connected with the WAN interface.

3. The network-layer IP address of the interface should be configured correctly.3. The network-layer IP address of the interface should be configured correctly.

4. Correctly configuring the static route of the destination network that can be reached 4. Correctly configuring the static route of the destination network that can be reached through the interface, or configuring the operational parameters of the dynamic through the interface, or configuring the operational parameters of the dynamic routing protocol on the interface.routing protocol on the interface.

5. If the interface supports the dialup mode, the dialup mapping and MODEM 5. If the interface supports the dialup mode, the dialup mapping and MODEM management need be configured more. management need be configured more.

6. If a firewall need be configured on the interface, it is necessary for you to configure 6. If a firewall need be configured on the interface, it is necessary for you to configure the related packet filtering and NAT parameters.the related packet filtering and NAT parameters.

Before configuring interfaces, you should know of the follow points at least:Before configuring interfaces, you should know of the follow points at least:

Configuring Network AddressConfiguring Network Address

Command Descriptions

router#configure terminal The user enters the global configuration mode from the privileged user mode.

router(config)# interface fastethernet0 Enter the configuration status of the interface f0.

router(config-if-fastethernet0)#ip address A.B.C.D mask Configure the IP address and sub-net mask of the interface f0.

router(config-if-fastethernet0)#ip address A.B.C.D mask secondary

Configure the secondary address of the interface f0.

Configuring a Synchronous Serial InterfaceConfiguring a Synchronous Serial Interface

1)1) router# Config t <Enter>router# Config t <Enter>

2)2) Router(config)# Interface Serial 0 <Enter>Router(config)# Interface Serial 0 <Enter>

3)3) router(config –if-serial 0) # bandwidth 128000 bpsrouter(config –if-serial 0) # bandwidth 128000 bps

4) router(config-if-serial 0) # keepalive4) router(config-if-serial 0) # keepalive

5)5) router(config-if-serial 0) # physical-layer syncrouter(config-if-serial 0) # physical-layer sync

6)6) router(config-if-serial 0) # clock rate 128000router(config-if-serial 0) # clock rate 128000

7)7) router(config-if-serial 0) # clock invert / multiplexrouter(config-if-serial 0) # clock invert / multiplex

8)8) router(config-if-serial 0) # exitrouter(config-if-serial 0) # exit

9) router# show interface serial 0 9) router# show interface serial 0 (for monitoring the Interface Serial 0) (for monitoring the Interface Serial 0)

Configuring a CE1 Module Configuring a CE1 Module

Brief introduction to a CE1 interface:Brief introduction to a CE1 interface:

•A CE1 interface can be physically divided into 32 time-slots whose number is from 0 to 31 correspondingly. A CE1 interface can be physically divided into 32 time-slots whose number is from 0 to 31 correspondingly. Time-slot 0 can not be used to transmit data.Time-slot 0 can not be used to transmit data.

•Each frame of the CE1 circuit is composed of 32 time-slots and the transmission rate of each time-slot is 64KEach frame of the CE1 circuit is composed of 32 time-slots and the transmission rate of each time-slot is 64K

•When a CE1 interface is used, the total time-slots (1~31) can be optionally divided into several groups. When a CE1 interface is used, the total time-slots (1~31) can be optionally divided into several groups. After bounded together, each group of time-slots can serve as an logical interface (use the command After bounded together, each group of time-slots can serve as an logical interface (use the command “ “channel-group”shell to realize it), supporting link-layer protocols such as PPP, X.25, HDLC and FR etc.channel-group”shell to realize it), supporting link-layer protocols such as PPP, X.25, HDLC and FR etc.

Configuring a CE1 interface -1Configuring a CE1 interface -1

Configuring the physical-layer operation parameters of the CE1 interface, including frame check mode and Configuring the physical-layer operation parameters of the CE1 interface, including frame check mode and line encoding format etc. line encoding format etc.

The tasks of CE1 configuration are listed as follows: The tasks of CE1 configuration are listed as follows:

Configuring the channel-group operation parametersConfiguring the channel-group operation parameters

Configuring an interface.Configuring an interface.

Command Descriptions

router(config)#controller e1 0/0 Use the slot-number and unit-number to determine the location (0/0) of the controller and enter the E1 configuration mode.

Perform the following configuration in the global configuration mode:Perform the following configuration in the global configuration mode:

Configuring the physical-layer operation parameters of the CE1 interfaceConfiguring the physical-layer operation parameters of the CE1 interface

Command Descriptions

router(config-controller)#framing crc4

Use the configuration command of a framing controller to select a frame type for the E1 data line. And the following types can be selected: crc4: Specify the CRC4 check mode for the E1 interface to receive/transmit data;no-crc4: Specify the E1 interface not to adopt the CRC4 check mode for receiving/transmitting data;Default: Set the default type (CRC4 check is valid only for data transmission) .

router(config-controller)#linecode hdb3

Use the configuration command of a linecode controller to select a line encoding type for the E1 line. And the following types can be selected: Ami: Set the AMI (alternate mark inversion) as the line encoding type. E1 is invalid by default.

router(config-controller)# clock source internal

Use the configuration command of a clock source controller to select a line clock for the E1 line. And the following types can be selected.:Internal: The CE1 interface provides clock source by itself;Line: Extract the clock from the line. The type is valid by default.

router(config-controller)#pri-group

The CE1 interface is configured as the PRI mode. After that, an interface similar to S0/0:15 can be generated.

Configuring a CE1 interface -2Configuring a CE1 interface -2

Configuring the channel-group operation parameters:Configuring the channel-group operation parameters:

Configuring a CE1 interfaceConfiguring a CE1 interface - 3 - 3

Command Descriptions

router(config-controller)#channel-group number timeslots　 range

Set the time-slots occupied by each channel.

• Number: The channel-group number. When an E1 data line is configured, the scope of the channel-group number is from 0 to 30.

• 2) Range: The value scope to which one or more time-slots in a channel-group belong. The first time-slot number is 1, and its range is from 1 to 31.

• When a time-slot is configured, the time-slot-number of the start-time-slot must be more than that of the stop-time-slot,

or else, the time- slot-number is invalid. • If two channels are configured with the repeating time-slot, the configuration is invalid and no interface can be generated.

• When a time-slot is configured, the scope of the time-slot must match with a channel-group-number. And it is the service provider that defines time-slots including a channel-group.

The following example defines three channel-groups: channel-group 0 includes a single time-slot, channel-group 2 includes three time-slots and channel-group 7 includes a single time-slot.

Configuring a CE1 interfaceConfiguring a CE1 interface - 4 - 4

Command Descriptions

router(config)#controller e1 0/0 Use the slot-number and unit-number to determine the location (0/0) of the controller and enter the E1 configuration mode.

router(config-controller)#channel-group0 timeslots 1

Configure time-slot 1 for channel-group 0.

router(config-controller)#channel-group2 timeslots 3-5

Configure 3~5 time-slots for channel-group 2. (That is to say that the rate of the channel-group 2 is 192K)

router(config-controller)#channel-group7 timeslots 6

Configure time-slot 7 for channel-group 7.

router(config-controller)#framing crc4 Enable CRC4

router(config-controller)#linecode hdb3 Configure the line code as HDB3.

Configuring a CE1 interface - 5Configuring a CE1 interface - 5

Command Descriptions

router(config)#interface s0/0:0 Enter the channel-group 0.

router(config-if-serial0/0:0)# encapsulation ppp

Encapsulate the link-layer protocol as PPP.

router(config-if-serial0/0:0)#ip add 1.1.1.1 255.0.0.0

Configure the IP address 1.1.1.1 and subnet mask 255.0.0.0.

router(config-if)#exit  

router(config)#interface s0/0:2 Enter the channel-group 2.

router(config-if-serial0/0:2)# encapsulation hdlc

Encapsulate the link-layer protocol as HDLC.

router(config-if-serial0/0:2)#ip add 2.2.2.1 255.0.0.0

Configure the IP address 2.2.2.1 and subnet mask 255.0.0.0.

router(config-if)#end  

Network Troubleshooting toolsNetwork Troubleshooting tools

Syslog Functions:-Syslog Functions:-router(config) # logging trap router(config) # logging trap level level <CR><CR>The system logging can record each level of prompts information. By default, the logging records nothingThe system logging can record each level of prompts information. By default, the logging records nothing but the information about the system unusablebut the information about the system unusable

severity level key-word description

0 emergencies System is unusable

1 alerts Immediate action needed

2 critical Critical conditions

3 errors Error conditions

4 warnings Warning conditions

5 notifications Normal but significant conditions

6 informational Informational messages

7 debugging Debugging messages

router#show logging router#show logging The Context of syslog file:The Context of syslog file:%SYS-5-CONFIG-I:Configured from console by console%SYS-5-CONFIG-I:Configured from console by console

Monitoring the Ethernet InterfaceMonitoring the Ethernet Interface

RouterRouter ＃＃ show interface fastethernet0show interface fastethernet0fastethernet (unit number 0):fastethernet (unit number 0):Flags: (0x8063) Flags: (0x8063) UPUP BROADCAST MULTICAST ARP RUNNING BROADCAST MULTICAST ARP RUNNING （（ Protocol signal Protocol signal UPUP ））Type: Type: ETHERNET_CSMACDETHERNET_CSMACD （（ Interface type: Interface type: CSMA/CDCSMA/CD （（ IEEE802.3IEEE802.3 ））））Internet address: Internet address: 129.255.117.22129.255.117.22 （（ Port addressPort address ：： 129.255.117.22129.255.117.22 ））Netmask Netmask 0xffff00000xffff0000 Subnetmask Subnetmask 0xffff00000xffff0000 （（ Network maskNetwork mask ：： 255.255.0.0255.255.0.0 Sub-net mask Sub-net mask ：： 255.255.0.0255.255.0.0 ））Broadcast address: Broadcast address: 129.255.255.255129.255.255.255 （（ Broadcast addressBroadcast address ：： 129.255.255.255 129.255.255.255 ））Metric: 0, MTU: Metric: 0, MTU: 15001500, BW: , BW: 100000Kbps100000Kbps, DLY: , DLY: 100 usec100 usec （（ Maximal transmitting unitMaximal transmitting unit ：： 15001500 ；； bandwidthbandwidth ：： 100M100M ；； DelayDelay ：： 100 microseconds100 microseconds ））Ethernet address is Ethernet address is 0001.7a00.00160001.7a00.0016 （（ MAC address:MAC address:0001.7a00.00160001.7a00.0016 ））Rate: Rate: 100Mbit/s100Mbit/s Duplex: Duplex: full duplexfull duplex （（ RateRate ：： 100M100M ；； Operational modeOperational mode ：： full duplex modefull duplex mode ））Babbling recvive 0, babbling transmit 0, heartbeat fail 0Babbling recvive 0, babbling transmit 0, heartbeat fail 0Tx late collision 0, Tx retransmit limit 0, Tx underrun 98Tx late collision 0, Tx retransmit limit 0, Tx underrun 98Tx carrier sense 0, Rx length violation 0Tx carrier sense 0, Rx length violation 0Rx not aligned Rx not aligned 44, Rx CRC error , Rx CRC error 1313, Rx overrun , Rx overrun 6868

Similarly we can give #Show Interface Serial 0Similarly we can give #Show Interface Serial 0

Network Management System - NMSNetwork Management System - NMS

Maipu – Masterplan NMSMaipu – Masterplan NMS

Maipu Masterplan Features

• Entirely supporting SNMP v1&v2c standard, run in all TCP/IP network environment

• Masterplan background server is a standard 32-bit application.

• It adopts WinSock and WinSNMP for development and can be entirely compatible with Windows NT4/2000

• Masterplan fully supports Web browse.

Masterplan Management Features

• Network topology—the advanced topology searching method to automatically discovery network nodes, different colors and graphical effect to reflect the status of some device, automatically refreshing status of objects for the network with real-time status.

• Management of faults—provides the real-time device alert, device log and system log , Users can filter and locate all kinds of alert information

• Accounting management—RADIUS component can achieve AAA function, can combine with the communication device to make authentication, authorization and accounting for users, and can provide users with access management

• Security management—performs users authentication, distributes different user-views to the different level of users,some users are prohibited from controlling /permitted to control some device in the network ,and different levels of management have full charge of the users with different rights.

• Compatibility—Have compatibility of our product with CiscoWorks2000, HP OpenView and CA Unicenter.

• Performance management—users can customize the polling policy to achieve the comprehensive analysis of the network. statistical data provide users with the high-level reference and the threshold control

Masterplan Network Constitution ModeMasterplan Network Constitution Mode(Example)(Example)

Demands of Software and Hardware for Masterplan

• PentiumⅢ 800MHz or higher CPU;

• Above 256 M RAM(512 M recommended);

• Above 2G free HD space;

• CD-ROM driver;

• SVGA display, supports 800 x 600 16 bit;

• Soundcard;

• Printer;

• Ethernet network adapter;

• Operating system: Windows2000 Server/Pro. + SNMP,

Windows NT 4.0+SP5+IIS4+SNMP.

• PentiumⅢ 800MHz more CPU

Main Interface of Master Installation Program Main Interface of Master Installation Program

Installation interface of Masterplan Installation interface of Masterplan

Login Interface of Masterplan Login Interface of Masterplan

Masterplan homepage Masterplan homepage

Masterplan User ManagementMasterplan User Management

Masterplan Device ViewMasterplan Device View

Masterplan Device ListMasterplan Device List

Network Topology View Network Topology View

Tools bar

Addresses bar

Topology view

Message bar

Thank YouThank You

Contact : Rishi Samadhia - 91-9868501614Contact : Rishi Samadhia - 91-9868501614Email : [email protected] / [email protected] : [email protected] / [email protected]