Magyar Genetika

8/13/2019 Magyar Genetika

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HUNGARIAN GENETICS(This work is a draft; it shall be completed and reviewed after my sabbatical)

FOREWORD FOR EUROPEAN INDO-EUROPEANSf you are an Indo-European speaker you should know that:

Your Y Chromosome pool is essentially made of R1a+I+R1b that in most cases is over 70% of your Y chromosome pie.None of the three above Palaeolithic Y chromosomes can be associated to the Indo-Europeans (even if somebody is trying hard toassociate R1a1a to the Indo-Germans! See further on: nonsense!).The rest of your pie is made of other non Indo-European components (E.g.: E3b (African) in Southern Europe, and N (Arctic) inNorthern Europe).No genetic feature has so far indisputably been associated to the Indo-Europeans.If ever an Indo-European gene shall be indisputably associated to the Indo-Europeans, it shall only affect maybe the 0,0.. % of yourpie.Thus, in genetics, the term Indo-European is pure nonsense.The category Indo-European can only be associated to a language, not to a genome. I f you are a scientist and not and Indo-Germanist, you should replace the term Indo-Europeanwith Indo-European speaker. In this case you can be associated to a lotof populations: Hong Kong and Macau Chinese, Bantu and Bushmen, Amerindians, Indian Brahmins, Russians in fact, most of themare Indo-European speakersor you can replace Indo-Europeanwith White Race, but it is not very politically correct and in this case you would again beassociated to the Hungarians (with the exception of Obrusnszki Borbla, who declares to be Mongoloid), to the Finns, the KhantyMansi, the Ainu, the Yukaghirs but, some of you dont like this, do you? these peoples were all matriarchal, peace loving,egalitarian, non stratified societies (they had no castes)in other words, inferior peoples for the Indo-Germanists!If you are unhappy with the term Hungarian, you can read it Old European, but do not forget that the Hungarians are the onlycultural fossil remains of Old Europe.

When this work was ready to be published, another Indo-Germanist, aware of the untenability of the equation R1a1a=Indo-

European, has published a new equation: R1b=Celtic.This equation is based on speculations around a map (left, Eupedia), which is also founded onspeculations: in fact, this map isprobably wrong!The map says that R1b1b split inthe Middle East into R1b1b1, whichspread to Asia, and R1b1b2, whichspread to Europe and which wouldbe the marker of the Celticeast>west migration from the MiddleEast to Europe.The truth is different: R1b1b split inEurope: R1b1b1 originated fromwest Europe and was brought, together with R1b1b2 (now R1b1a2-M269), in awest>east migration, to Arsia and Pazyrykia. See the map on the right

www.familytreedna.com>R1b1b1), where red samples are R1b1b1 cluster A, green ones R1b1b1 cluster B1, and blue ones R1b1b1 clusterB2.Bashkortostan (RU, the Magna Hungaria of monk Julian) is the only region where isolated pocket of R1b1b155% in Abzelilovsky, at the border with Kazakhstan) and R1b1b2 (R1b1b2-a1b4/R1b-U152, old R1b1c10, at

9% in Bashkortostan, right map) coexist at significant rates. Guess who brought R1b to central Asia! If theres enough R1a1a there, it could have been brought to central Asia by the same people that brought there alsoR1a1a: the Hungarians. (In the Tarim Basin there are both R1b1b1 and R1b1b2, at disputed rates). In fact,R1a and R1b appear to have migrated with the same carrier, to the same places, at the same times.Both the above maps need support of more data in order to be final, but the following statements help to better understand the situation.The highest rate of R1b is in the Basque territory, where in some areas it peaks up until 90%. According to the Indo-Germanist map, theCelts, who spoke an Indo-European language, arrived in Spain in around 2000 B.C.. After that time the R1b Celtic Indo-European speakerswould have replaced their language with Euskara! The Basque language, is an isolate language, without any connection with any Indo-European language! Unbelievable! Even the Romans were unable to make they change their language.Furthermore: We do not observe any particular link between Basques and Celtic populations beyond that provided by the Paleolithicancestry common to Europeanpopulations, nor we find evidence supporting Basques as the focus of major population expansions. (Theplace of the Basques in the European Y-chromosome diversity landscape,Santos Alonso et al.).Furthermore, in Euskara, mother and father are still ama and aita, as it was in most European pre-Indo-European languagesHonfoglals page 142). In Irish, notwithstanding the Celtic Indo-Europeanization,

athair and aitehave survived.Furthermore, Gimbutas found evidence of the Basques being a matriarchal society inantiquity: matriarchal Indo-Europeans? Or the only Indo-European society that everconverted to matriarchalism?Furthermore, Celtic archaeology does not appear in Spain before 1000 B.C. according tomainstream scholars (not before 500 B.C. according to me, when the Celts emerged fromhe Celto-Pannonici). There is little evidence of incineration in Spain and it is not in the

Basque territory (it is in Catalonia) and not 4000 years old. Did the Celts learnt toncinerate (independently from the Indians) from the Europeans, who never incinerated? and why they never incinerated in the Basque territory?Furthermore, the area of Europe where the Celts had settled for more than 2 millenniablue line) and where Urnfields cemeteries have been found is the area with the smallest

R1b rate in Western Europe. Instead, the highest rate of R1b (green line) is in the area in

which the last remaining Celts, pushed by later migrations, found a refugium(the western part of the British isles), and in the BasqueCountry, where the Celts never settled.R1b was already there where it is now, before the Celts arrived.Why theIndo-European R1bis missing in Indo-European Asia (Persia, Pakistan, India)!?Eventually, this theory shall collapse soon, as all the other Indo-European theories of origin did, without I need waste more time on it!

NOTE:Genetics is still far from being accurate, due to: the small number of tests performed on a 7 billion human population (+ 14 billion dead). the criteria used for the choice of samples to be researched, sometimes influenced by politics and chauvinism.


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the bad habit of researching a sample from a town and linking the result to the nation, or, even worse, to its linguistic majority. the manipulation that are made with conflicting lists and maps, often created by software that flattens peaks and pockets. the fancy interpretations of data that are not acknowledged by history, archaeology, cultural anthropology, and common sense,

notwithstanding an unheeded paper of Csand Blint that stresses the necessity of intensive collaboration between experts ofgenetics, historians and archaeologists in the research of the ethnogenesis of populations).

The images of archaeological artefacts that appear on this page are a small part of the thousands that are published on thepage Magyar Art.

I. MAP OF THE DISTRIBUTION OF R1a1a IN EURASIA

WARNING!You can find in the Net a number of different maps made to support that R1a1a is speaking Russian (they are usually limited to thedistribution of R1a1a in Europe!). A very detailed map that shows the distribution of R1a1a in Europe, with the resolution of a county area,

s the following one. This map (familytreedna.com) is very political borders dependent!

The Underhill map (below) is the only one that I have found that shows the distribution ofR1a1a in the entire Eurasian area, and which, to my knowledge, is congruent with moredetailed maps of local regions, except maybe in some unclear or disputed situations, inparticular in Europe (e.g.: the Underhill map does not show the peak of R1a1a that isnstead stressed in the above map in the Tanas area, the western terminal of theHungarian Silk Road. The Underhill map shows peaks of R1a1a in Moscow, and New Delhi;on the Kivisild one (right), the Indian peak is inArsia.Some local peaks and pockets of R1a1a are not detectable from the Underhill map: I havested them in the tableLocal Peaks.


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Separating the post-Glacial coancestry of European and Asian Y chromosomes within haplogroup R1aUnderhill, Kivisild, et al., European Journal of Human Genetics (2009), 16.

(R1a1a is also known as R-M17 (formerly Eu19) and R-M198).

The research of Underhill, thanks to the use of the subclades R1a1a6-M434 (typical of SouthAsia) and R1a1a7-M458 (with a significant frequency in Europe), has come to some newunexpected (for the Indo-Germanists!) results:

The coalescent time estimates of R1a1a correlate with the timing of the recession of the

Last Glacial Maximum [26,500 - 19,000 B.P.] and predate the upper bound of the ageestimate of the Indo-European language tree.R1a1a predates whichever linguistic, archaeological, cultural, and historical undisputedevidence of the arrival of Indo-Europeans in Europe! R1a1a cannot be associated to themigrations of the Indo-Europeans, because R1a1a was already in Europe when they arrived,whichever urheimat theory you choose. The highest diversity of R1a1a is in Southern Pakistan

(right map, chronology of the spread).In Europe, Poland has the highest R1a1a7-M458 diversity, corresponding to approximately an 11 KYA coalescent time.Among the R1a1a*(xM458) chromosomes the highest diversity is observed among populations of the Indus Valley yielding coalescenttimes above 14 KYA (thousands of years ago), whereas the R1a1a* diversity declines toward Europe where its maximum diversity andcoalescent times of 11.2 KYA are observed.The supposed migrations hypothesised by the Underhill research all occurred in late Palaeolithic-early Holocene.R1a1a likely originated from India and from there it spread to Europe: the Indians were right!See also: X. Referencies > India, 62., Indian genetics and the Aryan debate. The Indian origin of paternal haplogroup R1a1* substantiates the autochthonous origin of Brahmins and the caste system.

Swarkar Sharma et al. Deep common ancestry of Indian and western-Eurasian mitochondrial DNA lineages, Kivisild at al. Mitochondrial DNA phylogeny in Eastern and Western Slavs, Malyarchuk B. at al..

MtDNA haplogroups R1a, U4, U5, HV3 and HV4, which have been inferred to have pre-Neolithic spread in East Europe, occur atmarginally low frequencies in India.The Siberian R1a1a is not Indian.

R1a does not distinguish Indo-Iranian, Finno-Ugric, Dravidian or Turkic speakers from each other.R1a1a7-M458 frequency [in Europe]peaks among Slavic and Finno-Ugric peoplesbecause the R1a1a Finno-Ugric Chudes were obligedto learn Slavic languages!The inevitably large error margins of our coalescent time estimates do not allow us to exclude the association of the coalescent time ofR1a1a with the Linearbandkeramik (LBK), that flourished ca. 7.5-6.5 KYA BP in the Middle Danube (Hungary) and was spread furtheralong the Rhine, Elbe, Oder, Vistula river valleys and beyond the Carpathian Basin migratory and early agricultural zones [Pannonia].

Unfortunately, the 11,000 samples from across Eurasia, which have been used in the research, may suffice (notwithstanding the manycaveat in the research) for estimating the age and direction of the spread of M17, but do not suffice to trace the relatively smaller migrations ofhe Hungarians.

Nevertheless, if Hungary is a R1a1a7-M458 region, it would confirm the European origin of the Hungarians. In this case, the Hungarians shouldhave left traces of M458 in Central Asia: if not in Arsia(because most came back home), in Pazyrykia (where most stayed), or at least inSiberian and Tarim basin ancient DNA. Furthemore, if in Hungary R1a1a6-M434 is found at a rate higher than in its neighbours, it wouldconfirm the Hungarian migrations to Central Asia and back to Hungary. Further investigation is needed.As the Hungarians stayed for 2-3000 years out of Europe, they could have even developed a marker specific of their migrations.

CREDITS AND DISCREDITS

The above map is more accurate, but astonishingly similar to the map that I published in 2007, on Honfoglals, page 166. Seemy map. In order to draw that map, I used the pies, related to a limited number of countries, published by J. Douglas McDonald (Worldhaplogroups)on www.scs.uiuc.edu. See the McDonalds maps.There is an area termed Indo-European in my map: McDonald thought that he had found there the urheimat, linked to the Ychromosome H maybe, or to R1a?! Another miserably failed attempt to locate the urheimat! Out of dozens! The Indo-Europeans are a DNAree population!showed on that map the areas in which each Y haplogroup was the main component. That map was not not new; i t was futuristic!

Mainstream geneticists have needed 3 more years of researches to publish a map similar to mine! Nevertheless, both Varga Csaba andObrusnszky Borbla commented my book with the same mantra: Naddeo did not say anything new that the Hungarians had not knownalready since ages!.


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Two things only are infinite: the universe and human ignorance and I'm not sure about the universe. Paraphrase of a sentence of AlbertEinstein.

II. MAP OF THE PAZYRYKIAS HUNGARIAN MtDNA

Ancient MtDNA provides new insights into the history of south Siberian Kurgan people, Christine Keyser at al.(See X. References > 37.)

The above map replies to the following question of the geneticists that made the above researchon populations of Khakassia (Minusinsk Basin, Pazyrykia): where are today samples with thesame MtDNA that we found in Pazyrykia? Their answer was the above map.

By the similarity of its pattern to the pattern of the Y-R1a1a spread map, this map confirms myhypothesised migrations of Hungarians from Pazyrykia to the Ob-Ugrian area, to Yukaghiria,and,through the Amur Valley, to Sakhalin and Japan (the Ainu migration). These migrations arenot clearly detected by the R1a1a spread.What should be further investigated is why the Hungarian MtDNA and no Y R1a1a reachedSakhalin, and why little Hungarian MtDNA reached the Tarim Basin from Pazyrykia. The littlepresence of this MtDNA in Arsia and on the Hungarian way back home could point to the facthat women were those who had more to loose from an Islamic conquest of the Tarim Basin:hey would have lost all the remaining privileges that they still had in a community that had

been matriarchal for several millennia: all of them left! It would explain why the Madjars still take wives from out of their community: theycould not find Hungarian women in central Asia. Several other hypotheses are possible, but waiting for more data is wiser.Other discrepancies between the MtDNA spread and the R1a1a spread are along the Lvov-Kiev-Moscow line, (high R1a1a and low MtDNA),and in Italy and Greece (Low R1a1a and high MtDNA).The separation of the western Finnics from those of the Volga-Kama region is more evident in the MtDNA map.n general, it could be said that this map confirms the presence of Hungarians also in areas where R1a1a has disappeared or is detected at

ow frequencies: Greece, Padania (IT), Germany, Sweden, Finland, Yukaghiria, Ainuland.Furthermore, all the northern regions of Eurasia, where a Finno-Ugric language is spoken, are covered by the Pazyrykias MtDNA.No Pazyrykias MtDNA has been found in Indo-Asia (Persia, Pakistan, India): it cannot be Indo-European.The black cross on the map indicates a MtDNA different from the rest of it, but whose spread also confirms a link between Hungary andSouthern Siberia.

MtDNA Haplogroup UBarbujani and Bertorelle estimate the age of haplogroup U5 as about 52,000

years ago, but it could be as old as 60,500 years, being the oldest subclade ofhaplogroup U (Wikipedia). Others estimate that U came from Africa where itwas already present 70.000 B.P..The Kostienki (RU) human, 30,000 years old, had U2 (also found in Arsia,Pazyrykia, and Khanty Mansi); the Cheddar man (U.K.), 9150 years old, hadU5a; the Loschbour (Luxemburg) men, 8000 years old, had U5a and wasvery dolichocephalic: the skulls of all these guys had some Neanderthalianeatures. (See X. Referencies > General > 4. The Neanderthals are with

us!).The today spread of U5, similar to the one of H, is approximately the sameas the Neanderthal spread and its peaks are centred on Hungary, Finland, theVolga-Kama region, Belgium and the Caspian Sea. It reaches the Baikal lake,at the eastern borders of Pazyrykia.Was haplogroup U already in Europe in 50.000 B.C.?The case of U MtDNA could be similar to the one of the Ginger gene that would have made the Neanderthal red haired. (SeeHonfoglals page247). The ginger gene is supposed to be as old as 50.000 years, thus predating the Cro Magnons in Europe, as long

as a 50.000 years old Cro Magnon is not discovered.

Global MtDNA


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III. MtDNA N1a: A MARKER OF THE HUNGARIAN MIGRATIONSMitochondrial haplogroup N1a phylogeography, with implication to the origin of European farmers, Malliya Gounder et alii.

MtDNA sequences of subcluster N1a1a1 related to the farmer DEB3 and FLO1 lineages are widely distributed, accounting for nearly half(82 out of 166) of the total N1a data. Lineages from this subcluster were observed in populations of central/eastern Europe [EastPannonia],Volga-Ural region [Sarmatia or Volga-Kama?], central Asia [Arsia],South Siberia [Pazyrykia],[andKhanty Mansi, and Tarimbasin (see Sampula) and Magyars (See X. Referencies)], Egypt, Yemen, Iran, Turkey, and eastern/southern India). The cumulativefrequency of N1a1a1 reaches a maximum in eastern Europe and central Asia, and decreases in the direction of central and northern Europe.

The same occurs in the southern direction, towards Anatolia and the Caucasus:

N1a1a1 (The layer with the red circles and names of countries should be moved several hundred km westward!) N1a1a2

Unfortunately, the big circles labelled Russian Federation do not help us much: if somebody draws a map of the distribution in RussiaVolga-Kama/Volga Ural region? Khanty Mansi? Yukaghirs? Sakhalin? Pazyrykia?) of the above clades, we might get acquainted with the

details of the Hungarian migrations.A trtneti genetika s az eredetkrds(ek)",Csand Blint (10 2008):About 85-90 % of the [Magyar]MtDNA [including N1a1] belongedo main European Haplogroups. Dienekes Blog: MtDNA N1a was a genuine signature of the Central European Neolithic. Leading Magyars

of the St. Stephen's Hungary, came back home[fromArsia] with the same N1a they had left Europe with.The subclade N1a1a1a is restricted to Kazakhstan, Altai and Buryat Republic (Pazyrykia and Arsia), and the European part of RussianFederation. These areas were centres of expansion.Furthermore, a subcluster of N1a1a2 was observed in Denmark, Poland, Scotland, Norway, Switzerland, France, Portugal, Austria,Hungary, and Volga-Ural region. The coalescence age of N1a1a2(between 3,400 - 4,000 years) and its spread in Europe and to theVolga Ural regions, makes of the subcluster N1a1a2 the perfect candidate marker of the Hungarian diaspora to Magna Pannonia(1500-500

B.C.). Its coalescent age would not allow any earlier hypothesis of its migrations. However, it should also be checked if the N1a found inhe Saint Stephen Magyars belonged to this subcluster, or it should be found in Pazyrykiaand/orArsia.The pattern of the spread of N1a could be very similar to the one of the Pazyrykias MtDNA, but Asia should be investigated more accuratelyn order to confirm it. N1a has been found in the Han dynasty time Sampula cemetery, Tarim basin.The N1a Haplogroup is the best marker of the Hungarian migrations because it peaks in territories were the spoken

anguages were the Uralo-Altaic languages, because it is at very low rates in west Indo-Europe (Greece, Italy, France andUK), and because it is absent in Indo-Asia (Pakistan, Iran, and India).


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V. THE HUNGARIAN SPREAD ACCORDING TO GENETIC RESEARCHThe following map resumes the data gathered by the above researches in a single map of the spread of R1a1a, of the Pazyrykias MtDNA,

and of the spread of cultural, archaeological, linguistic, artistic, religious, and anthropologic markers of the Hungarians.

Central

Asia TajikistanTajiks/Khojand 22 NA NA 64.0% Wells et al. (2001)

KHOJAND, FERGHANA, where the Hungarians bred the heavenly horses, was the third heart of the Silk Road after Bukharaand Samarkand. Obrusnszki Borbla, were this people your Huns, who sold the horses to the Emperor, who left 64% ofR1a1a there?Isfahan: see the line of Istens on a mosque: line 165 of The Mother Isten abstract, and the Istens on Iranian tribalcarpets.

CHINA, SILK ROADCentr/East

Asia China

Dongxiang(Mongolian descent)

Gansu49 NA 0?% 28.0% Wei Wang et al. (2003)

Centr/East

Asia China

Salar (Central Asian Turkish

descent?) border Qinghai/Gansu52 NA 0?% 17.0% Wei Wang et al. (2003)

Centr/EastAsia China

Bonan, Mongolian descentborder Qinghai/Gansu

47 NA 0?% 26.0% Wei Wang et al. (2003)

Is it not astonishing that the only 3 listed pockets of R1a1a in China are located at the borders of Gansu with the Tibetanplain? Could their inhabitants be mongolized descendents of those 150 (Hungarian) Yueh Chih families that the ChineseChronicles reported having fled the Hsiung Nu by flying to Tibet? or rather, are they the descendents of the Little Yueh

Chih, who had remained exactly in the area were R1a1a has been found now?

INDIAN SUB-CONTINENTSouth Asia Pakistan Kalash 44 NA NA 18.0% Qamar et al. (2002)

South Asia Pakistan Pakistan Kashmiri 12 NA NA 58.0% Qamar et al. (2002)

South Asia Nepal/IndiaChitwan, Nepal

Hindus (proxy for Indian ancestry)26 NA 0.00% 69.2% Fornarino et al. (2009

The Nepalese Burkha and Sherpa are said to be Pashtun from Afghanistan or even Hungarians: this genetic research makeshat hypothesis more probable. Burkha and Sherpa are worldwide appreciated for their moral and physical features.

Who better than a peoplethat had lived at an elevation of 1000 metres for over a millennium and that was used to cross thePamir passes (4/5000 metres high) carrying heavy rolls of silk, could fit the job profile of a Sherpa?

South Asia India Dravidian Upper Caste 59 NA NA 28.8% Sengupta et al. (2005)

South Asia India Indo-European Lower Caste 50 NA NA 26.0% Sengupta et al. (2005)

South Asia India Bihar (Paswan) 27 NA 0.00% 40.74% Sharma et al. (2009)

Bihar is supposed to have been reached by Heftalites (Timo Stickler), who left their Hungarian Mother Istens and otherHungarian artefacts in the region.Bihar was also the name of the today Oradea county in rdely.

South Asia India Bihar (Brahmins) 38 NA 0.00% 60.53% Sharma et al. (2009)

South Asia India Gujarat (Brahmins) 64 NA 0.00% 32.81% Sharma et al. (2009)

South Asia India Bombay, Konkanastha (Brahmins) 43 NA NA 41.9% Kivisild et al. (2003)

South Asia India Himachal Pradesh (Brahmins) 30 NA 0.00% 47.37% Sharma et al. (2009)South Asia India West Bengal (Brahmins) 30 NA 0.00% 72.22% Sharma et al. (2009)

South Asia India Uttar Pradesh (Brahmins) 31 NA 0.00% 67.74% Sharma et al. (2009)

South Asia India Maharashtra (Brahmins) 32 NA 0.00% 43.33% Sharma et al. (2009)

South Asia India Madhya Pradesh (Brahmins) 42 NA 0.00% 38.1% Sharma et al. (2009)

See Brahmins.

South Asia India Madhya Pradesh (Saharia) 57 NA 22.8% 28.07% Sharma et al. (2009)

KAMCHATKASiberia Russia Kamchatka, Itelmen 18 NA NA 22.2% Lell et al. (2006)

InKamchatka, there is the easternmost and most isolate pocket of R1a1a. The Ainu did arrive there, before mixing with theomon. Their main business was sea trade and fishing; they arrived there from the Kuril islands, which are still part of

Ainuland.

MONGOLIAMongolia

24 NA NA 4.0% Wells et al. (2001)

MongoliaSoldiers mainly from Khalkh

(East Mongolia)402 NA 0.00% 2.5% Weale et al. (2001)

Many of the peoples of the Ordos region, were identified as belonging to the Xiongnu cultures. Ordos was occupied

predominantly by peoples showing Mongoloid features, known from their skeletal remains and artefacts. [Zhang et al."Cultural History of Ancient Northern Ethnic Groups in China", p. 176-225.].Borbla, if the Huns came from Ordos, they were Mongols! If there were Caucasoids in Ordos, they were slaves of theXiongnu they were the Hungarians who made the bronze artefacts of the Xiongnu and the Sarmatian jewellery of theHuns.


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THE HUNGARIAN GENETICSThe Hungarian Y Chromosome pie (right, Forensic Sci Int Genet.2009 Mar;3(2):e27-8.) is a European pie (R1a+I+R1b=72.8%) that shows the central and west Asianadmixture of Sarmatians and Avars (G+J+H=19.3%). The 19.3 frequency of thewest Asian admixture is higher than in countries bordering Hungary andTransylvania, and it includes the admixture of the agriculturists that brought farmingechnologies to Europe from the Middle East.

G is recognized to be the Sarmatian marker in Europe. Its Britannic cluster is athigh rates in Szkelyfld and in Britannia, where it was brought by the 5,500

Sarmatians (not Daco-Romans!) that Marcus Aurelius relocated in Britannia. (SeeErdely Dacia). It is wide spread in north Caucasus, on the route the Sarmatiansook to come back to Europe.could rather be Avar. It is wide spread south of Caucasus, on the route the Avars

ook to come back to Europe. The J Y-chromosomal lineage is more frequent inSzeklers (J1-M267=10.3%, Semino et al., 2000a, 2004; Di Giacomo et al., 2004.2e1-M102=7.2%) than in Hungarians: in fact the Sarmatians and the Avars settled

mainly in Transylvania; instead, the Magyars, who had mainly come from the TarimBasin (where the rate of these 2 haplogroups is lower) rather settled in Hungary (SeeErdely Dacia).

H is typical of India and of the Roma; it is at a frequency of 2-4% inArsia, where it reaches 20% in the Kalash population, who live close tohe urheimatof the Roma.

The isolated peak of R1b inArsia,together with R1a1a, is the evidence that these haplogroups were brought there from the Balkans, theonly other place where these haplogroups still coexist.

Hg is found at low rates inArsiaand in pockets in Ferghana and Pakistan, Joseph Skulj). Underhill has found 1.5% I Hg in Central Asia,

but he has not specified where exactly.E1b in Arsiapoints to a migration of Pannonici to Arsia(1000 B.C.) from east Pannonia (the region between the Tisza and the Dniestervalleys), where these haplogroups are still at low rates today. This hypothesis would explain the lower rates of I, and E1b in today Hungaryf compared to bordering countries: the Pannonicihad not yet received that admixture and the Honfoglals peoples did not bring it backhome. Furthermore, the most ancient Turul has not been found in today Hungary, but in west Ukraine (beginning of first millennium B.C.,Odessa Museum); the deer stones migrated(at that same time) to Pazyrykiafrom Moldova (SeeSacred Symbols), and the hit and runechnique was a Cimmerian innovation that spread from east Pannoniaup until Japan (SeePre-Indo-European Rites).

Semino found out that the Hungarians who live west of the Danube are more akin to the Finns than those who live east of the Danube:west Hungarians had not migrated to Central Asia and they have retained a higher kinship with the Finns.The rarity of I, R1b, and E1b in Pazyrykiapoints to a migration (2000 B.C.) to Southern Siberia that could have originated from evenurther east: from west Ukraine or rather from south west Urals, regions that had already been colonized by Pannonici at that timeSyntashta, Abashevo, Andronovo cultures). Actually, the spread of E1b1b1a1b to Europe came quite late: Cruciani's latest study suggestshat E1b1b1a1b (E-V13, formerly E3b1a) actually arrived in the Balkans [Albania] from Western Asia during the Palaeolithic, and then

spread throughout Europe much later (circa 5300 years ago, 3300 B.C.). Bird (2007) proposes a still more recent dispersal out of theBalkans, around the time of the Roman empire. I hypothesise that most of the eastward spread of E1b1b1a1b (from the Albanian peakoward the Dnieper river) could be connected to the migrations of the Aromin Vlachs to Romania in the Middle Age. E1b1b1a1b is at only

4.2% in Hungary (much less than in Countries bordering Hungary, Eupedia), because the Pannonici that migrated to central Asia had notyet received that admixture, and the peoples of the Honfoglals therefore did not brought it back.n Britannia, some very small but high rate pockets of E1b1b1a1b have also been found and have been associated toRoman soldiers fromhe Balkans (Bird, 2007): as the Sarmatians did not carry E1b1b1a1b, those pockets could be pockets of early Vlachs that had started

migrating to Dacia and that were among the Sarmatians that had been sent to Britannia by Marcus Aurelius (See Erdely Dacia). At thatime, the Sarmatians:Vlachs ratio in Szkelyfld was much higher than the today Hungarians:Romanian Vlachs ratio.

MtDNA gives further evidence of the migrations of the Hungarians from Central Europe to Central Asia and back to Europe (See above II.and III.).


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The high rate of I Hg in Hungarians (25%, all I1, not congruent with the below maps!) confirms their ancient Europeanancestry. If the Magyars had originated from Central Asia or if they were Huns, the Hungarians could have never had such a

high rate of I Hg!

Haplogroup I1 distribution Haplogroup I2 distribution Turkish genetic pie

The above genetic pie of Turkey is in the research Excavating Y-DNA strata in Anatolia, Hum. Genet. (2004), Cinnioglu et al.: CurrentAnatolian genetic pool has received 13% - 30% genetic inflow from Central Asian Turkic speakers. The Anatolian Turks are

overwhelmingly indigenous (William Z. Ripley and Carleton S. Coon). They are 64% Caucasoid (Wikipedia).The R1a, R1b and I Y-DNA of the Turks is due to natural geographical diffusion from Europe, as it clearly appears from the maps of this

paragraph. Therefore, the Anatolian Turks could be connected to the Pannonici, but not to the Magyars: this connection is shown by

archaeology. If 13% - 30% is the Turkish speakers contribution to the pie of the people living in Anatolia, then, the north east AsianHaplogroups N, Q, C, O (=7.26%) could make from 24 to 55% of the invading Turkish speakers pie,and it would confirm the North East

Asian origin of the Turkic speakers and their admixture from the Mongolic Rouran.The Gktrks were descendents of the Ashina clan. The centre of the Ashina power was the Orkhon valley. The Orkhon valley was the

border between Mongolia and Pazyrykia and genetics says that the Orkhon Valley is still inhabited by people that received a relevant

Hungarian and Mongolic admixture. It is very possible that the Orkhon Valley was the place where the Turks learned agriculture, learnedhe 300 Hungarian words, and they also learned the Rovasiras. A tribe of the Gktrks, the Uyghurs, migrated southward and threatened

he Chinese Empire. Later on, they invaded the Tarim basin. The hypothesis that some Turks had Hungarian ancestors would also explain

why the genetic contribution of the Turkic Uyghurs did not affect the 2000 years genetic continuity of the Tarim basin, at least as far asMtDNA is concerned. (See X. >Arsia> 45.).

The Turks could have not influenced the Sarmatian and Avar genetics, because, when the Turks appeared in east Asia, the Sarmatians andhe Avars were already in Europe. The Magyars, who lived in central Asia at the time the Turks were there, have no east Asian genes in

heir pie: intermingling between Turks and Magyars is improbable. Furthermore, the 300 common words in Turkish and Hungarian (mainly

elated to agriculture) could well have been taught by the Magyars to the Turks, not viceversa, because the Turkish speakers, at the time ofhe meeting, were still nomads, and thePazyryki andArsiwere agriculturalists since millennia. Furthermore, the Turkic Uyghurs invaded

he Tarim Basin in 840 A.D., when theArsiwere already preparing their luggage.n any case, 300 hundred words is the same quantity of words that the Longobards left in Italy, but nobody has ever hypothesised that the

talians are Germanics!

The Hungarians were not Turkish speakers and the only possible link between Hungarians and Turkish speakers may beound in Orkhon! (but Turkey could have been inhabited by Hungarian Pannonici, as archaeology confirms!). The I, R1b

and R1a1a admixture in Anatolia clearly arrived there due to natural spread and cannot be connected to the Magyars or the

Turks, but to the Pannonici.

R1b E1b1b1a1b (E-V13) I

N Y-DNA (left, Rootsi; right, annals of Human genetics

2004) and Tat C (almost absent in Mongolia and China)are very frequent in northern Eurasia including Finland

and the Khanty-Mansi area. Therefore, they have been

considered signatures of the Uralic speakers. However,they are missing in Hungary. How is it possible, since the

Hungarians, according to the HAS, came from theKhanty Mansi area, i.e. from Yugra?

As simple as this: the Hungarians did not come from Yugra! The absence of N Y-DNA and of Tat C in Hungary (Rosser 2000) confirms my

heory because, in my theory, the ancestors of the Hungarians never dwelled north of the 51

st

parallel, which is the approximate southernmit of the presence of N Y-DNA and of Tat C. (See also the Note G below: The Finns > N1c1c. N1c was formerly N3).

The absence of N Y-DNA and of Tat C in Hungary demolishes the linguistic theory of origin of the Hungarian Academy of

Sciences, because, if the Magyars had come from the Khanty-Mansi area (Yugra), they would have had a much, much higherate of N and of Tat C!

know that for the linguists it is blasphemous to maintain that not the Khanty-Mansi, (who speak today the closest language to Hungarian)came back to Hungary, but theArsi (who now speak Chinese or Turkic) did!

The linguists are pseudo scientists, who believe that linguistics is the mother of all sciences and that archaeology, anthropology, genetics,

and history should be bent to fit their linguistic fantasies.


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The linguists are pseudo-scientists that are unable to understand and accept a concept as simple as this: the Hungarians shall soon speakChinese (left: Chinese military parade, Tien'anmen, CN), as all the Europeans will.(It will be after a bloody atomic war declared to China by another Indo-European Bush, in the last attempt tomaintain global supremacy. Yesterday the U.S. debt, which is in Chinese hands, has been downgraded byS&P: the process has started).When it shall happen, the Hungarians shall replace their language within a couple of generations, but theirarchaeology shall forever remain Hungarian, their genome shall remain Hungarian for centuries, and theirculture shall slowly start changing. Nevertheless, they shall never worship the Buddha, but rather HisMother, that they shall again name Nagyboldogasszony, as they named Nagyboldogasszony the Mother ofChrist, as they called Nagyboldogasszonytheir ancestral Mother Goddess the Mother Isten.You understand now why 4 years ago I published the following sentence on the The Ugaritic Abjad pageof this website: If you quote my work, please do not label me as a linguist. I consider that title an offence.N Y-DNA and Tat C are not the signature of the Uralic speakers, but they are the markers of the Arcticpeople! The Hungarians of Yugra are not those who speak a Ugric language, or those who carry N and Tat C:

the Hungarians of Yugra are those who carry R1a1a (whichever language they speak!) and who worshipped aMother Isten idol as tall as a human, entirely made of gold, still at the time the Russians showed up in Yugra, in the 17thcentury.When I say Hungarian, I refer to a population that kept its genetic and cultural identity along 10 millennia, regardless of the languagehey spoke or shall speak! Language connections are irrelevant.

Not the Khanty-Mansi migrated to Hungary, but the Altaic Pazyrykidid migrate to the Khanty-Mansi area: All the U7 sequences found inKhanty and Mansi are identical, and the same sequence is found in Uighur of Central Asia. This suggests a recent founder effect of U7

haplogroup in Khanty and Mansi with a probable Central Asian origin. Similarly, the Southeast Asian-derived Y chromosome N2 lineage,allegedly specific for Uralic speakers (!!), is also found among Altaic speakers.(Northwest Siberian Khanty and Mansi in the junction ofWest and East Eurasian gene pools as revealed by uniparental markers , Forensic Biology, University of Helsinki) (See: X. References >Pazyrykiand Khanty Mansi). The Pazyryki moved to Yugra after they were attacked by the Huns in about 200 B.C. (see the abstract TheHsiung Nu/Huns) and they brought there the Hungarian language, the Mother Isten, R1a1a, and the European Pazyrykias MtDNA, andhey intermingled with local populations, and they never came back home, to Hungary.

n fact, the little archaeology of the Khanty-Mansi is congruent with the Siberian archaeology of the Pazyryki:

J.D.Kimball, ..(history.novosibdom.ru) (+Pleiades) Magna Hungaria: Ust-Polui, Turbino, Seyma Rostovka Turkish Ainu

Furthermore, there is no archaeology in west Asia, in the middle Age, that can support the presence there of an advanced community thatcould have arrived in Europe and could have become, on arrival, the strongest military power of Europe, unless you hypothesise that thehunter gatherer Yugrans learnt all they had to learn overnight, on arrival in Hungary.n fact, the Magyars were not hunter gatherers, as somebody does define the Yugrans!

Yugra: the linguistic theory of origin of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences is woodoo science!The Hungarian pie does not show any Chinese or Mongolic (Hunnish) admixture.Mongolic genetic traces in Hungary? Of course, yes! But not coming from the Huns. Rather from the Magyars! In fact, theArsiand the

Chinese peacefully shared the Tarim Basin for as long as one millennium (Han to Tang dynasties). They shared the cemeteries (Astana),hey shared religious rites (in the Buddhist caves), and they shared the same enemy: the Hsiung

Nu/Huns. Even being both endogamic cultures, it is very possible that some intermingling betweenChinese and Arsi did happen in such a long time. This intermingling is confirmed by geneticesearches on the Magyars: when the Magyars arrived in Europe, there was still the evidence of

some East Asian admixture. In fact, the 5% East Asian MtDNA (B and M, "A trtneti genetika s azeredetkrds(ek)"Csand Blint, 10 2008) found in Honfoglals Magyar women, is not necessarilyMongolic, but it can rather be of autochthonous Chinese of the Tarim basin: B and M (widespread inHan populations) have been found in the DNA of ancient and modern people of the Tarim Basin, incemeteries where West Eurasian and east Asians were buried.Additional East Asian genetic traces in Hungary may have also derived from the Cumanians and the Mongols of Genghis Khan, but not fromhe Huns! (See The Huns).

Mongolic traces: low rate of GM genetic markers on immunoglobulins (Hideo Matsumoto, who also found it in the Ainu). blue spot, which, being dominant, could have been at very low rates on arrival in Europe.

phenotypes with infrequent Mongolic features. other traces.The Hungarians were not Mongols, not Hsiung Nu, not Huns!

CONCLUSION: the genetic impact on Hungary of the peoples of the Honfoglals (Sarmatians, Avars, and Magyars) was small because theyound in Hungary other Hungarians (see X. > Hungarians > 20.). The genetics of the Magyars helped to keep the local rate of R1a1a andR1b high, to increase the rate of G and J, and to decrease the rate of E1b, I, and N in pre-Honfoglals Hungarians of Carpathia that hadeceived the admixture of E1b, I, and N in the 2 millennia the Honfoglals people were not in Europe.

The Hungarians were not Mongols, not Yugrans, not Turks, not Finns (The Finns were Hungarians!). They were Pannonici,who migrated to central Asia (Arsi), who came back home as Sarmatians, Avars and Magyars, who mixed with the Szekely

and Pannonicithat had remained in the Carpathian Basin, and thus they made the modern Hungarian identity.

NOTES (See the letters on the Map at the beginning of V.,from West to East)

Wherever I found Hungarian cultural markers (Honfoglals) and archaeological markers (The Magyar art), thereR1a1a and/or Pazyrykias MtDNA has been found by genetics!

A. GAELIAIn this area, people descending from Palaeolithic inhabitants could still live, who had survived in Scotland and western Ireland thanksto the North Atlantic Drift, and who had been trapped there, after England and the Channel had been covered with ice. In 3000 B.C.,Gaelia homed an advanced culture that erected some of the largest and most ancient Kurgans and megaliths , far before the Indo-European Kurgans appear in Europe. Spiraliform motifs were already there.


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In the Orkney islands R1a1a is still at a peak of 27%. It could be Norse in the islands, but not all over Scotland and the Belfast area.The Norse did not migrate only to the Orchad islands, why should they have left their R1a1a only in islands that were inhabited by acivilized people since the Neolithic? (Skara Brae).

B. SICILYThe frequency of R1a1a is 5.5%,Di Gaetano et al., 2008: Siculi? Lombards? Alans fromTunis? In Italy, a higher frequency is only found in Friuli, where Cividale is. Cividale wasthe first capital city of the Avar Longobards. If 5.5% is the average for all of Sicily, how highcan the frequency of R1a1a be in the pockets and in the refugiawhere the Siculo-Avar-Szkely-Lombards live now? E.g: in San Fratello. Bettino Craxi (not an Italian surname!),Italian prime Minister, was a Siculo-Lombard. His father was from San Fratello. He is notloved by many Italians, but the other prime Ministers after De Gasperi were not better. Hedefended, the dignity of Italy as a sovereign state, against an intrusion of R. Reagan, inSigonella, with Carabinieriready to fire onto American Marines.(See Archaeology of Sicily on Szkely Varese).There are pockets of R1a1a also in Calabria (Wapedia); some Avar/Lombards settled theretoo. A small town in Calabria holds the name of Longobardi. The walls of the presbyteryof the S. Francesco church of Longobardi are decorated with yellow Delivering MotherIstens, on a red background, right. They claim that King Liutprand was there and a popularname in town is Lipranno, a distortion of Liutprand.

C. URHEIMATThe only undisputedEuropeanUrheimat of the Germanics (Sweden) was introduced to the Bronze Age by Hungarian adventurers(Metropolitan Museum of Art) in the second half of the 2nd millennium B.C.: the Metropolitan explains this peak of R1a1a. Theswords, razors and other artefacts found in Sweden are congruent withPannonico archaeology.

D. AMBER ROAD TERMINALThere is Sarmatian archaeology in the Russian exclave of Kaliningrad, and Pannonico and Sarmatian archaeology in Pribaltika. Notethat, in Aran (Tuva, Siberia), amber has been found in graves C14dated 620 B.C.: Herodotus was right! In the fifth century B.C.,Herodotus mentioned transit trade occurring in Central Asia along a route that stretched from the Urals in the west to the Altai and the

Minusinsk Basin [Pazyrykia] in the east(Hemphill and Mallory 2004).

E. GREECEMACEDONIA AND THESSALYSee References > 64.: Greece. R1a1a is not where the Greeks settled!There is a peak of R1a1a in correspondence of what was the Macedonia of Alexander the Great. In Honfoglals I had hypothesisedthat Alexander was not Greek but Hungarian! Demosthenes said it quite clearly in his Philippics: " , "(Would a Macedonian [non Greek] rule the Greeks!?)The Underhill map strengthens my hypothesis with genetic evidence, after I have already proved, with archaeology, that Macedoniawas a culturally Hungarian region:

Macedonia, Early Iron Age, Thessaloniki Archaeological Museum.

All the above artefacts are congruent with Bronze Age Pannonicoarchaeology (See the book Thegold of the world G. CH. Chourmouziadis, and my images abstracts). The archaeology of ancientMacedonia is not Indo-European, and it can be seen in the Thessaloniki Archaeological Museum. InKavala, Macedonia, the Hungarian spiral bronze bracelets were in use until the 6thcentury B.C.. Atthat time, north of Athens, the conical hat was also still in use (bronze figurines). In Dendra andMaraton, Bronze Age Horse burials have been found (right, 1550 B.C.). Hungarian Gold Idols

have been found in Sesklo and in Aravissos Yannitsa (left, 4 millennium B.C.)Nea Nikomedeia: R1a1a=21.1%; Sesklo/Dimini, R1a1a=10.5%.All over Greece, the Pazyrykias MtDNA has been found.

MYCENAEThe Peloponnese, where Mycenae and Sparta were located, is almost R1a1a free. The Greek Mycenaeans and Spartans were the mostIndo-European Indo-Europeans: they lived in a state of permanent war. Imagine that the Spartans, when there was no war againstforeigners, declared war against theilotes (their slaves)or celebrated thekripteia, which was another ceremony for murdering theirilotes. (Jorge Cano Cuenca, Carlos III University, Madrid, Spain. Read his Sparta, the warring city).In other words, the slaves were human targets for the Spartan war games. Why the Indo-Germanistsdo not tell you these things? Ifyou are an Indo-Germanist, if you read the article of Jorge, you shall be ashamed of being termed Indo-European, and you shall askfor a Hungarian passport next day!


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The only genetic research I have found on Myceneans regards MtDNA (Circle B Grave, late 17thcentury B.C., Abigail S. Bouwmana,Keri A. Brown, N. W. Prag A. John and Terence A. Brown): [The Mycenaean] U5a1a lineage within haplogroup U5 arose in Europe

approximately 30,000 years ago, [23,000 years before the Indo-Europeans start speaking their language!] and is mainly found innorthwest and north-central Europe. In the context of its rather ancient origin, the modern distribution of haplogroup U5a1 suggests

that individuals bearing this haplogroup were part of the initial expansion tracking the retreat of ice sheets from Europe. (The other 3

samples carried Hg H2 and Uk). This research is hard to find, nobody comments it! That MtDNA was not Indo-European, but Pre-Indo-European!In fact, in Greece, including Peloponnese, also the Hungarian Pazyrykias MtDNA has been found! It was the MtDNA of

Bronze Age Hungarians (Pannonici).I long for seeing a research looking for Y-DNA in Mycenae. Nevertheless, I would not be surprised if no R1a1a is found: the Indo-

Europeans used to kill the men (or to use them as human targets for their war games!), but they did enslave the women for their

Bunga Bunga.Before Indo-Europeanization, the Helladics buried their Horses, in Mycenae too, as they did in Dendra and Maraton.

The Scythians and the Amazons were allied of Troy against Mycenae; the Scythians were allied of Athens against Sparta: Scythianmounted archers protected the walled corridor between Athens and Piraeus.

Here is some of the archaeology of the Hungarians of Mycenae, before their Indo-Europeanization: exactly the same things that youcan find in Carpathia even at an earlier time, including the Pleiades (Athens Archaeological Museum: you must go there to see them,as these artefacts are not published or commented in books!):

The earliest inhabitants of Mycenae, were not (not!) Indo-Europeans. The genetic legacy of the Hungarian female slaves (Pazyrykias

MtDNA) of the Myceneans survives in Greece. R1a1a has only survived in pockets, in Greece, because the Hungarians that had beenenslaved there were used as human targets for the war games of the Myceneans and of the Spartans.

BLONDS IN GREECE

Wilhelm Sieglin has found out that 170 out of the 362 (47%) ancient gods or prominent Greeks, described in ancient Greek literature,were blond or red haired, with gray, blue or light green eyes: this is why democracy was born in Greece! No Indo-European society


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has ever been democratic before modern time! (Wilhelm Sieglin, che si preso la pena di andare a scovare tutti i passi delle fontigreche dove si parli del colore degli occhi e dei capelli, ha potuto dimostrare che dei 121 personaggi della storia greca di cui gli autorici descrivono i caratteri fisici, 109 sono biondi, e solo 13 bruni. Lo stesso Sieglin ha raccolto le descrizioni dei personaggi dellamitologia: delle divinit, 60 hanno capelli biondi, e solo 35 capelli scuri (di cui 29 numi del mare o degli inferi); degli eroi delle saghe,140 sono biondi e 18 han capelli neri; dei personaggi poetici, 41 biondi e 8 neri).The higher prolificacy of the testosteronic Indo-Europeans and the African admixture in Greece have made the blonds disappear fromthe country.

F. CRETE (Lasithi Plateau, R1a1a=29.3%: Lasithi Prefecture, R1a1a=17.4%).Left: Etruscan amphora ; attic black-figures, 540530 BC:Poseidon fighting the Giant Polybotes during the Gigantomachy,

Louvre.That succumbing Giant with his Mother Isten on his shield (right,

complete with head and offspring), was a Pannonico pre-Indo-European God, who belonged to a community of Gods, in which two

Goddesses Gaia and Rhea took all decisions. How many werethe Titans? 6. And the Giants? 6. And the sisters of the Titans?6. 6, the sacred number of the Hungarians. Was what I named 6 Ray Sun (right,

Mycenae) the sacred representation of the divine sixes?

In the Cretan tradition, the Titans were portrayed as agrarian [not pastoralist!]Gods,who lived in the vicinity of Knossos in Crete, where they ruled over mankind during the Golden Age . The Golden Age of OldEurope.

Lasithi could be the refugiumwhere the descendents of the matriarchal pre-Indo-European Gods still survive.The mythical wars between the new and the ancient Gods (Asir versus Vanir, in Nordia; Greek Gods vs. Titans and Giants, in Greece)

represented the mythic, epic conquest war of the nomadic, pastoralist, war faring newcomers.

G. THE FINNSThe Finns were Hungarian adventurers that started the Amber Road in very ancient time, and who brought the Bronze Age toScandinavia (Metropolitan Museum of ArtNew York, USA, website, Scandinavia timeline) in the second half of the 2ndmillenniumB.C..

They were pushed further northward first by the Slavs and later on by the Germans (Deutschritterorden). They intermingled with theSaami. If you leave the relevant Saami admixture out of the Finnish genetic pie, you find out that, before the admixture, the Finnswere Europeans and akin to the Hungarians.

N1c1c: the Finns are Mongols, the Hungarians are not Finno-Ugric!Right, distribution of N1c, formerly N3a. The subclade N1c1c, very frequent in Finland, has been first connected to the

Uralic languages, then used in order to prove that the Finns are Mongols, andfinally, as it has not been found in Budapest, to prove that the Hungarians are

not Finno-Ugrics!

N1c1c has even been used to prove that the Slavic Slovenians did not arrive1500 years ago, but they were indigenous to the lands they still now inhabit!Y-Chromosome frequencies and the implications on the Theories relating tothe Origin and settlement of Finno-Ugric, Proto-Hungarian and Slavic

populations, Hindu Institute of Learning, Toronto, Canada, by Joseph Skulj

(clearly of Slavic Slovenian origins!).Unbelievable! Some people decide what they want to prove, first, and, later

on, they start ruminating.Furthermore, as N1c1c has not been found in Budapest, but it has been found only in rsg (Guglielmino 2000), the rsginhabitants would be the only Uralics in Hungary!

N1c1c has nothing to do with the Finns, nothing to do with the Uralic languages, nothing to do with the Mongols. The geneticists saythat N1 originated in Southern China (Sichuan, 14.000 B.C.) and N1c1c originated from south of the Baikal lake (6000 B.C.), from

where it spread to the Arctic shores. N1c1c is the marker of the migrations of the Arctic populations. When the Uralics of Eurasia were

pushed northward, they intermingled with the N1c1c peoples, whose languages were Uralicized. Finnicized in Europe and Ugricized inAsia. (Right: Uralic languages).

The N1c1c Saami, were in Nordia since at least 5.000 B.C. and they hadmigrated there from the central shores of the Arctic Sea (Noel D. Broadbent,

Smithsonian Institution).

The russification policies made of the Saami language a forbidden language;Saami children were picked up from Saami families and were given back at the

age of 15, after they had been Russified. (Note that slavery was abolished and

in Indo-Russia, as in Indo-USA, in the second half of the 19 th century!). The

Soviet Empire finally relocated the Saami in collective farms here and there inthe south. I could bet that Stalin relocated them where russification was moreneeded: Pribaltika, Tatarstan, Volga-Kama. Stalin was diabolic: he did not

oblige the Tatars, the Baltics, or the Finno-Ugrics, to learn Russian, but he

mixed all these peoples together so that they freely decide to learn Russian as alingua franca, so to be able to understand each other! Furthermore, Stalinobtained the result that, today, there are no minorities in Russia, but onlymixed populations, who all speak Russian now and therefore they are Russian

in Russian statistics. The Europeans are so busy blaming Hitler, that they have

forgotten what Stalin did!The Saami are said to be about 100.000 in Nordia.

In Russia, the Saami speakers left are only 1600 (BBC), but there are millions of genetic Saami in the territory of the former

Communist Empire: N1c1c in Northern Russia: 41.3%; in Central Russia: 17%. These Saami have no right on the territory they livein now: it has never been their homeland. The recent Saami migrations were not voluntary migrations, but forced migrations, like the

migrations of the Volga Germans (that Czarina Catherine had imported to implement Russian agriculture) and of the Russian

Hebrews: Stalin relocated the Germans in Kazakhstan and the Hebrews in an autonomous Okrugof east Siberia.Beside Norway, Sweden, and Finland, N1c1c is at high frequencies, only in the areas where other ethnic minorities dwelled in theformer Soviet Empire.In antiquity, maybe some Saami migrated southward looking for 12 hoursdaylight, maybe some of them preferred joining the Finno-

Ugrics so that together with them they could better defend themselves from the hordes of Slavics but most of them were spread allover the empire and now they speak Russian only thanks to the Soviet relocations and to the russification policies.

Why there is no N1c1c in Budapest? Because, when the Hungarians migrated to Central Asia, Stalin was not yet born and because the

Tarim Basin did not ever belong to the Soviet empire, and because, at the time the Hungarians left Pannonia, N1c1c had not reachedcentral Europe yet: this is why the Hungarians only have 0,6% N1c1c. Around Hungary, in Slavic Czekia, N1c1c is at 1.6%, in Slavic

Ukraine at 6%, and in Slavic Serbia at 0-6.2%. In Romania N1c1c is 0%, because the Romanians came from Albania, where it is 0%:


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N1c1c has never migrated as far as to Albania. In Pribaltika it is 20-40%. The low rates of N1c1c and of Tat C in Hungary are alsoevidence of very little Slavic admixture in the Hungarians, as the low rates of E1b is evidence of little Aromin admixture.The Hungarians never lived close to the Arctic peoples, this is why they have only 0,6 % N1c1c. For the same reason, Tat C, whichhas also been mistakenly considered a Uralic marker, is at high rates in Finland (above 50%) and along the Arctic Sea, but i t is almostabsent in Hungary.The Finns are the last remnants of a migration of Pannonicithat brought the Bronze Age to Nordia, that started the Amber Road, thatwere pushed northward by Germans and Slavs, that spread a Uralic language to Nordia, and that intermingled with an overwhelmingN1c1c and Tat C local population, which was there since 5000 B.C..Instead, the Saami MtDNA received a central European admixture (U5b1b, V, H1)that is absent in Siberian Arctic populations (Thewestern and eastern roots of the Saami, the story of genetic "outliers" told by mitochondrial DNA and Y ch romosomes,KristiinaTambets et al.).In Nordia, the Finns are not those who speak a Finnic language or those who carry N1c1c or Tat C, or those who speak a

Finnic language, but those who carry a Central European DNA made of a mix of R1a1a, I, and R1b.Other referencies: A counter-clockwise northern route of the Y-chromosome haplogroup N from Southeast Asia towards Europe,Siiri Rootsi et al. Y-chromosome haplogroup N dispersals from south Siberia to Europe,Miroslava Derenko et al. DualOriginsofFinnsRevealedbyYChromosomeHaplotypeVariation, Derenko M. et al. Honfoglalspage 232, about the methods of the Slavic conquest of Russia.The following images reconstruct the final migration of the Hungarians from the amber road terminal to Finland:

II c. A.D. The Balts,Gimbutas.

Crown of doublespirals.

Sarmatian Aorsi,Lithuania,

Horse burial.

800 A.D., Madona, LatviaSpiral bracelets, rattles,comb with dotted circles,

3 circles pins.

X century A.D.,Eura, Finland.

Spiral bracelets in agrave.

Schosseinyi, Gunevsky,Kaliningrad, RU(East Prussia).

Bronze. Dotted circles

The Pannonicithat had remained in Prussia - the amber road terminal - in the 11 th-12thcentury, still decoratedtheir animals with dotted circles, as they had done along several millennia and as the Avars of Cividale did whenthey arrived in Italy with the Longobards!Later on, the custom of decorating horses with geometric designs shall move to Lithuania, right.

The double spiral of Gimbutas is the same that the Hungarians wore on their neck sincethe Calcholitic (History Museum Budapest and Romanian figurines), and that, in theBronze Age, they had on their forehead (left, Pannonia;right, Southern Sweden).

I have hundreds of images of Hungarian sacred symbols unearthed in the area fromKaliningrad to Finland, in the Oka valley, in the Volga-Kama region (Hermitage, HistoryMuseum of Moscow, books) and images of jewellery of Rus (Hermitage and books) thatprove the Hungarian cultural continuity in Northern Europe, from the Bronze Age to the

beginning of the Russification of Russia, at the end of the Middle Age. For cultural markers, see Holmgard and the origin ofdemocracy on Honfoglals.Note that the archaeology of the Finnics had not evolved since the Bronze Age, as it usually happens in isolated cultures. Onlystarting from the 6thcentury, the last variations of the Hungarian Sacred Symbols started reappearing among the Finnics of Russia:

The above objects prove that the Bronze Age Hungarian cultural DNA had survived in Finnic populations until the Middle Age.Similar artefacts were not brought back by Avars and Magyars, whose sacred symbols had evolved into new shapes.

The above objects show similarity with Sarmatian and maybe Cumanian objects (necklace), and in any case depictSacred Symbols that the Hungarians worshipped along several millennia.Note the similarity of the first image above (Pleiades) with the logo of the MTA restaurant in Budapest (left. See the

last line of the Sacred Symbols abstract and read my comments!) and with the Decebalus shield.


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The objects of the above 2 lines (Middle Age, 900 A.D.- 1300 A.D.) show a clear influence of the Avar and Hungarian religious art inRus. The rattle, the bracelet, and the Cross of Istens could have been made by Magyars. Hundreds of bracelets similar to the aboveone have been found in Transylvania, dated to the Honfoglals time. The rhomboidal image of the last Cross of Hearts belongs to aHungarian artefact, but identical deteriorated objects have been found in Kiev and Ladoga.Sources of the images of the four above lines: History Museums of Kiev and Moscow, Hermitage, Lithuanus. Locations: Pribaktika(including Novgorod) and western European part of Russia.

H. MESOPOTAMIAThis isolate pocket of R1a1a is associated to an isolate pocket of Balkanic

I2a1 (right) and of R1b (25%) and to a pocket of light eyes!Samarrans? Urartians? Kimmers? Medes? Parthians? Zazas? Kurds? Sabirs?An Avar Silk Road logistic base? Avars who had found a refugium inArmenia, before it was taken by the Sassanids?In this area, the population that is genetically (MtDNA) the nearest one tothe Derenburg farmers (from a single grave, Germany, LBK, 55004500B.C., left) lives today.Ancient DNA from European Early Neolithic FarmersReveals Their Near Eastern Affinities,W. Haack.Haack comes to the conclusion that the Derenburg farmers had came fromthis area: I would not be so sure about the direction of the migration:

A migration of light eyed peoples is more likely to be expected to go from Europe to the Near East. It is more likely that a migration originated a far away pocket (in the Near East) than such a wide

spread (in Europe). If R1b and I could have arrived in this area due to natural spread; a pocket of R1a1a would have been

too far from its area of natural spread. In fact, it could have been brought here by the historicalmigration of the Cimmers from west Ukraine to this area.

In favour of Haacks hypothesis: The two most beautiful Sumerian statuettes depict a blue eyed man and a red-haired woman

(Mesopotamia, E. Ascalone): maybe also the farmers that came to Europe were red haired and blueeyed? Nevertheless, the light eyes of this pocket could even come from a recent admixture: theycould come from a tribe of blondish, light eyed people that now dwell in Iraq: the Alani!.

The 6thmillennium B.C. is the time in which atalhyk was abandoned and the atalhykians movedtheir culture to Carpathia, (see Magyar Art > The Mother Isten Abstract >line 002).

Maybe there were two or more migrations, in both directions, at different times.Similarity of burial positions of couples in love (face to face) in atalhyk, Derenburg (DE, Karol Schauer), and Niya (Tarimbasin):

Etruscans couples also were buried face to face.An Indo-European man would have not allowed his wife in his grave : women belonged to an inferior specie! Note that inatalhyk, it is the woman that hosts the husband in her grave (only his plastered skull): a matrilocal society, even after death!

I. ARSIAA Chinese research (Analysis of genomic admixture in Uyghur and its implication in Mapping Strategy,Shuhua Xu et al.) has foundthat UIG was formed by two-way admixture, with 60% European ancestry and 40% East Asian ancestry.

Chinese statistics report a presence of Mongols in the Tarim basin as low as 2.58%: almost no Huns!The Tarim Basin appears from the Underhill map to be a negative peak of the frequency of R1a1a.The truth is that this map pictures todays situation, after recent immigration of non Uyghurs to the Basin has made the non Uyghurpopulation boost to around 50% of the total. If you go back to 1949, when the Chinese took control of Xinjiang, you find out that nonUyghurs were little more than 5%. (Official Chinese Statistic sources). It means that the percentage of Uyghurs in 1949 was almostdouble than today. If you could clean the genetic pie of the Tarim Basin from the Orkhon Turko-Mongolic-Uyghur admixture, youwould find out that R1a1a was even higher than 50%, in 840 A.D.. If you could cut out from the Tarim Basin pie the data of theNorthern area of the Basin (the area of Kucho, the capital of the Chinese protectorate, and the Turpan depression (Turpan was severaltimes raided by the Hsiung Nu, Rouran, Turkics, Mongols - as it was at reach of nomadic peoples), you would find out that at thebeginning of the Han Dynasty, the basins population could have been predominantly R1a1a.In the Tarim basin, the west:east matrilineal admixture ratio is the same as in extant and Iron Age populations: the MtDNA admixtureof the Uyghurs appears to have been very low.


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The genetic pie of the Uyghurs (right, UG, McDonald, confirmed by several researches) shows thatR1a1a (yellow) is still the main component of the Uyghur pie and that R1b (red) is the secondcomponent. Furthermore, 50% of the R1b appears to be the European R1b1a2-M269.In the Tarim basin, there is a significant rate of E1b1b (up to 6.5% in Urumqi, "Male demography inEast Asia: a north-south contrast in human population expansion times" Yali Xue et al.. Is itBalkanic E1b1b1a1b?.Low rates of I have been found inArsia, with peaks in Fergana and Pakistan.R1a1a, R1b, I, and E1b1b show isolated peaks inArsia: somebody must have brought them fromEurope to the Tarim Basin! (Part of the R1a1a could be autochthonous).The McDonald pies do confirm the high values of R1a1a (yellow) also in Altai (AL), Kirgizistan (KG),Uzbekistan (UZ), Selkup (SL), and Tatarstan (KT, Volga Kama merging).

The Iranians show low R1a1a levels, but males of eastern parts of Iran (Arsia) carry up to 35%R1a1a, which is also found in approximately 20% of Iranian males from the cities of Teheran and Isfahan(Nasidze et al., 2004).The low rate of South Asian L in Uyghurs makes the origin of the Tarim basin R1a1a from India or Pakistan quite

improbable. (X. References > 46.).The Indo-Germanists, led by Victor Mair, insist maintaining that the mummies of the Tarim Basin spoke an Indo-European language,because millennia after their death, in the Tarim Basin, in 2 monasteries, the Buddhist priests spoke the Gandhara/Hungarian pidgin

Tocharianlanguage! The Indo-Germaniststell you that father in Tocharian waspakar, but they hide that it was also apaka(apukain Hungarian from apa, father in Basque and in all agglutinative languages of the world)! See Honfoglals, pages 139-150.

THE MADJARSThe yurts of the Madjars of Torgay (KZ)are protected by Crosses of Istens, Lines of Istens, Birth Symbols, Heart Mother Istens, and

tulips!Could they not be Hungarians?

All over East Kazakhstan the yurts are decorated like the above one: the Kazakhs that have lost their Hungarian DNA still keep aHungarian cultural DNA.

atalhyk Zutu-Garla,Pannonia Madjar Birth Symbol Tarim Basin, A. Stein Silk Road carpet Szkely Nat. Mus.Please note the astonishing similarity of the atalhyk and the Szkely Birth Symbol; time distance: 8 millennia, no change! It isanother clue in favour of the theory that the Szkely did not migrate as their Sacred Symbols are still the same as the Pannonicoones. The Madjar Birth Symbol is instead very similar to the Tarim Basin and Silk Road symbols.

The same line of Heart Istens that decorates the Madjar yurt (above) is the logo of the Academy of Sciences of Kirgizstan (below).


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Tarim Basin Talas Valley, KZ, BenkMihai Madjars, Kazakhstan Caucasian Avars

All the above images, predominantly cyan and magenta, show the same Isten (right) around the central symbol

(which, in Central Asia, is a Cross of Istens).The Cross of Istens of the Madjars is asymmetric as the Tarim basin one (below) and the Magyar Crosses shall be.

The above images are from the Tarim basin (except a Kazakh tubeteikathat is decorated with the Kirgiz tamga), but they could wellbe Madjar! The white and orange Cross of Istens is asymmetric (See why in the The Mother Isten abstract, line 146).

The hat of the Madjar man is no longer pointed, but it is still decorated with atulip, the sametulipthat was on the forehead of Copper/Bronze Age idols, on the Magyar crowns, from Korea toMargit-sziget to London (Elizabeth II), on the head of the above Uyghur dancer, on the head of thelion of the Nagyszentmikls treasure (right), and.Left: emblem of Nagytoke, HU, that also decorates the sceptre of the Hungarian regalia, and.Astonishingly, the most Hungarian marker still kept by the Madjars is the double design, the mosttypically Hungarian marker: the above lady, who wears a pointed hat, has a design on herheaddress and gilthat can be read either as a Birth Symbol (2ndimage in the central box, blackdesign, with Her symbolic rhomboidal uterus) or as a couple of Heart Istens (3rd image).

Source of the images of Madjars: HonLevel, July 2007Archaeology is more accurate than genetics (A Y-chromosomal comparison of the Madjars and the Magyars, A. Z. Biro): genetics cansay that the Madjars are more akin to the Hungarians than totheir neighbours; archaeology says that they were Hungarians. None of the above designs and Sacred Symbols has ever been

used by the Huns.The geneticists of the above research have also reconstructed in amap (right) a possible route back home of the Madjars. If you donot consider the step 3 (which has been added to please thelinguists of the MTA), that map perfectly reconstructs themigrations of the Sarmatians (Steps 1-2- -4-5-6). Instead, thevery high rate of G Y-DNA suggests a migration of SarmatianMadjars along steps 1-2-4-2: they could have left west Tien Shanand have settled in Northern Caucasus (as the Sarmatians did;there they would have acquired an overwhelming G admixture, otherwise inexplicable) and they could have come back to 2, wherethey are now, after centuries spent in Caucasus. A large region of North Caucasus was actually named Alania in the Middle Age.There lived also the Jas that somebody links to the Jasigs and the Ossetins. 18.000 Caucasus Alan knights were enrolled by KublaiKhanas his personal guard in China. The Madjars could be descendents of a very few defectors of that army: it would explain the sohigh rate of G of the Madjars (founder effect) and their exogamy (Knights did not move with women!).

THE KALASH

The Kalash are among the several populations that have been convinced by Indo-Germanists to be descendents from soldiers ofAlexander the Great! I have already stressed in Honfoglals, pages 128 and 130, the congruence of their culture with the oldHungarian culture, and in Magyar Art their massive use of ancient Hungarian Sacred Symbols still today.The possible genetic Greek admixture in Central Asia has been investigated and some possible Greek links with the Pashtun have beenfound (E3b1, which could be Pannonico!), but links with the Kalash are unclear (Investigation of the Greek ancestry of northernPakistani ethnic groups using Y chromosomal DNA variation, Q. Ayub et al.;Y-chromosomal evidence for a limited Greekcontribution to the Pathan population of PakistanSadaf Firasat et al.).18-30% of the Y-DNA of the Kalash is still made of R1a1a, absolutely not Greek!. 20% is made of H, typical of India and of the Roma,whose urheimat is in the same region; 23% of L3a, which is autochthonous in south west Asia, a small percentage is made of J. A


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sizeable percentage of Kalash are blond or red haired, as the rest of the Arsi are, as Alexander was, as the invading Indo-Europeanswere not (except Roman prostitutes, who used blond wigs as astatus symbol).

J. INDIAThe frequency of R1a1a in the Brahmin Hinduist priestly social caste is usually higher than in other castes of the same region. R1ahas a very high frequency in modern Brahmins, irrespective of linguistic and geographic affiliations, suggesting that it was the founderhaplogroup for the population. (Sharma et al., 2009). In antiquity, Brahmins were preferably to be blonds. The only blondsavailable in Asia, in ancient time, were the Hungarians.I have doubts that the Kushans and the Heftalites alone could have been able to spread so much R1a1a to India: they were not astestosteronicas the Indo-Europeans were.Nor the Indo-Europeans could have done it: wherever they arrived they spread only their language not their genes: they werealways small bands of warriors: they could become lites and be able to impose their language, but they could never replace agenome of any population. See also Genetics and the Aryan debate (References X. > 62.) where more evidence is given to the factthat the present genetic picture of India is as old as the Pleistocene and that The supposed Aryan invasion of India 3,0004,000years before present[and I add the Hungarian migrations] therefore did not make a major splash in the Indian gene pool.The Indo-Europeans, if they did not arrive with space ships, could only have arrived in India from North West (after the desertificationof the Steppes where they lived, east of the Caspian Sea). On their way, they destroyed the Indus Valley civilization (beginning of the2ndmillennium B.C.) and they pushed its inhabitants eastward. The area where R1a1a is at its peak in India has the shape of anarrow head pointing to the East, the same shape that a cattle takes when you frighten it, shooting and heading to the centre of it.That cattle were the Indus Valley inhabitants, frightened by the fires of Harappa and Mohenjo Daro.My opinion is that most of the Indian R1a1a comes from the Indus Valley civilization. In my maps, the Indus Valley and the BMAC(BactriaMargiana Archaeological Complex) are part ofAgglutinia, a large Eurasiatic area where the archaeology of the 3rd millenniumB.C. was congruent with Central European archaeology.The R1a1a of India did not belong to the Indo-Europeans, but to the people of the Indus Valley Civilization, who were there sincemillennia, and who were enslaved by the Indo-Europeans.Some scholars are eventually hypothesising that the Indus valley people spoke an agglutinative language. Some others hypothesisethat they were Elamites, who were fleeing from the Semitic invaders of Mesopotamia. The Elamites are supposed to have spoken anagglutinative language as the Sumers did. The Elamites were termed Scythians by scholars between the two world wars.The most of the Southern Pakistan and Central India R1a1a could belong to the legacy of the ancient Indus Valley civilization, whereR1a1a could have arrived in very ancient time. This hypothesis is supported by Passarino G., Semino O., et alii: The distribution of

Eu19 Y-chromosomes (turned out to be 49a,f Ht11 or its derivatives) suggests that the Eu19/49a,f Ht11 emerged in Ukraine, probablyin a Palaeolithic population, and thereafter spread toward Europe, Asia, and India at different waves over a few thousand years .(The 49a,f haplotype 11 is a new marker of the EU19 lineage that traces migrations from northern regions of the Black Sea).(Eu19=R-M17=R1a1a).Therefore, only in the Northern part of Pakistan and in the North Western part of India (Kashmir) additional R1a1a came from theKushans, Heftalites andArsi: Indian Kashmir (Punjab): R1a1a=20, 36, 41, 47, 63, 67%. Pakistan Kashmiri: 58%. Kalash: 30%.

BIHAR (Bihar, Paswan, R1a1a=40.74%; Bihar, Brahmins, R1a1a=60.53% (Sharma et al. 2009); Chitwan, Nepal, R1a1a=69%).Bihar is a town and a state, south of Nepal, in India, along the Ganges river. The Buddha spent his early time in Biharand the Hungarian Heftalites are supposed to have arrived there (Timo Stickler). Bihar [today Oradea] is also one ofthe oldest counties of the Kingdom of Hungary, formed before the twelfth century. If you look in dating sites forimages of people of Bihar and Patna (the capital of the Bihar state), you feel that some of those people do not look likeMongols (or Huna, as Eva Aradi calls them!) and not even like Indians: I feel I have seen that girl while shopping inVci utca! (www.datanta.in,for young single Hungarians!). Her eyes are also typical of the most beautiful Ukrainiangirls.Bihar archaeology:

Magyar Crown, 6 Bihar jewelry, 6 Uttar Pradesh, Tokyo M. Bihar, Metropolitan M. Magyar MotherIsten

Note the similarity of the 6 petal rosette of Bihar and those on an Arpadian crown. The Magyar Mother Istens preferably held Theirhands down. The different postures of the arms could correspond to different delivering postures at different times.I did not expectsuch a high frequency of R1a1a in Central India: I shall look for more images in the future! These ones were in my collection not

because I was looking for them: they were looking for me!THE MAGARS

Gyula Laszlo tested the language of the Indian Magars and decreed that the Magars were not Hungarians because they did notspeak Hungarian! He did not test their DNA, nor he was a linguist.Can the Magars not descend from Hungarians because they speak another language now? Funny Country, a Country thatallows linguists, artists, philosophers, indologists, anthropologists, mongolists, astronomers, musicians, doctors, nurses and,worst of all, engineers to write the history of the Country, while the historians and the archaeologists sleep, or write fairytales!Right, Magar curved dagger, theMagar tamga: it shows the Hungarian 3 lines on the hilt (as all the Hungarian swords along5 millennia did, see Xiung Nu Huns), the undulating vegetal motif, and a cross with the typical 4 Hungarian dots, whichreminds one of a Mother Isten (it is maybe a cross of daggers) very Hungarian!According to some Daco-Romans, theMagar dagger had belonged to Decebalus and the Magars stole it!Between Bihar and Katmandu there is a high frequency of R1a1a (Chitwan, Nepal, R1a1a=69%) and even traces of the PazyrykiasMtDNA. An isolated pocket of European R1b1a2-M269 is also present in Nepal.Language expert Madhav Pokhrel says that there is 16% similarity between Magar Language and Magyar Language. The original

religion of Magar people are Shamanism and Tengriism possibly brought from Siberia They bury their dead [in a subcontinent thatcremates]and they have their own belief system regarding life after death (Hitchcock, 1966:25-34). Magars constitute the largestnumber of Gurkha soldiers outside Nepal The Magars provided Nepal with a dynasty of kings. (Wikipedia).

MADHIA PRADESH


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Sanchi, Madhia Pradesh: a Hungarian Kapu (Torana in India, Tori in Japan) and its details: two Mother Istens, guarded by two Turulson top of a three lined Torana, decorated with spirals and animals, 1stcentury A.D. or later.

Gandaberundain Mysore emblem and in Keladi Mughal Turul, British M. Triratna (See above line) Tibetan triratna

I have not yet looked for Hungarian artefacts in the Indian archaeology: the above ones were looking for me!

THE GARO

The Garo are one of the few remaining matrilineal societies in the world, supposed to have arrived in Assam from Tibet through theBrahmaputra. R1a1a is at 4%. See Honfoglals page189: every Garu village still has its ownHungarian Kapu!

K. PAZYRYKIA AND SOUTH SIBERIA(SAKA, INDO-IRANIANS, KHANTY MANSI)In order to reconstruct the ancient Y DNA of Pazyrykia, one could do the same analysis I did for Arsia, but it would be more difficultand less reliable. However, there is enough R1a1a and Pazyrykias MtDNA and it cannot have been brought there by Indo-Europeansor Mongols!Russian and Central Asian scholars working on the contemporary but very different Andronovo and Bactrian Margiana archaeological

complexes of the 2nd millennium b.c. have identified both as Indo -Iranian, and particular sites so identified, are being used for

nationalist purposes. There is, however, no compelling archaeological evidence that they had a common [Indo-European] ancestor orthat either is Indo-Iranian. (C.C. Lamberg-Karlovsky, Harvard University).A genetic research on the Scytho-Sarmatians (Saka for the Russians, Indo-Iranians for the Indo-Germanists) of Pokrovka (KZ, 6thc. B.C.-3rdc. A.D.) has found that:

Severalwarriorswere females, a marker of matriarchalism that reminds one of Tomiris andof the Amazons.There is complete absence of any genetic marker of the Indo-Iranians: most markers are

European.The people buried in Pokrovka hadwide cultural and trade links.(Mamas of Pokrovka Sarmatians preliminary results of mtDNA study, Joachim Burger, MainzUniversity (DE). I have not found the promised results on papas).In Pokrovka, there is no evidence of incineration, but evidence of burial rites similar to those ofPazyrykia and the Tarim basin. In Filippovka, not far from Pokrovka, a very rich Hungarian

archaeology has been excavated (Ufa Museum, RU, right).Pokrovka was a matriarchal community of non Indo-European traders along the Silk Road.Herodotus tells us of a trade route in the 5 thc. B.C. from Southern Urals to the Minusinsk basin(Pazyrykia): Pokrovka and Filippovka are located in southern Urals. The Southern Ural-Minusinsk route continued to Linzi (see next N. Linzi).N1a, U2, U3, U7 MtDNA are the markers of the West-East migrations to Pazyrykia. (See X.References > 38.). The Pazyrykias MtDNA has also been found in: Sakhalin (Ainu), KhantyMansi area, Yukagiria, Volga-Kama, in Central Europe centred in Hungary, and along the Silk Road branch that the Hungarians used totravel from the Tarim basin to Hungary. (See X. References > 37.).The first migrations of Europeans to Siberia may have started in the Palaeolithic, followed by other more recent waves. (X. References> 41).

KHANTY MANSI (YUGRA)What appears to be proved, by the spread of R1a1a and of Pazyrykias MtDNA, is the fact that the Pazyryki,after they were attackedby the Hsiung Nu,migrated northward and became the Yugran Khanty Mansi, as I had written in Honfoglals. The spread of thePazyrykias MtDNA not only overlaps the R1a1a spread, but also gives evidence of the migrations of Pazyrykifrom Altai to Yugra,Yukaghiria and Ainuland. 63.3% of the mtDNA detected in the Mansi falls into western Eurasian lineages(Traces of early Eurasiansin the Mansi of northwest Siberia revealed by m itochondrial DNA analysis, Olga A. Derbeneva). The genetic history of the KhantyMansi appears to be the one of a population that had come from North Eastern Europe and received a Central Asian, South Siberian

and Arctic admixture. (Northwest SiberianKhanty and Mansi in the junction of West and East Eurasian gene pools as revealed byuniparental markers, Russian Academy of Sciences).

All the U7 sequences found in Khanty and Mansi are identical, and the same sequence is found in Uighur of Central Asia (Arsia). Thissuggests a recent founder effect of U7 haplogroup in Khanty and Mansi with a probable Central Asian origin(X. References > 41).

L. YUNNANA Chinese genetic research, which aimed at disputing the European descent of the Linzis (See Note N.), gives evidence that the today

Linzis are akin to the Yunnan people. Of course they are akin: both were Hungarians. Kunming, the capital of the Yunnan province,was quoted in a list of cities along the Silk Road, by Ptolomaeus. Carl Mair has described frescos of people of Central Asian or Greek(Greek!?) ethnicity in Yunnan. Yunnan is the Chinese province with the highest R1a1a frequency in China proper: 5%. (If 5% is theaverage for all of Yunnan, how high can R1a1a be in the pockets and in the refugiawhere theChineseHungarians could still livenow?).A special case is the one of the matriarchal Mosuo of Yunnan (See Honfoglals, pages 188-211): their practice of the visitingmarriage (the same practice of the Amazons!) has made that R1a1a has been completely replaced by the Y chromosomes of the

male visitors! The only useful DNA is therefore MtDNA.The Mosuo are the only recognized matriarchal society still surviving.


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In Yunnan and East of Yunnan, along the Yang Tse Kiang, where other Hungarian related minorities live, the Mother Isten and theother Hungarian Sacred Symbols are still frequent designs in folk art.

At the entrance of the Mosuo Cultural Museum, Lugu Lake, CN, a chart shows the 33 Mosuo symbols: at least 8 of them correspondto Hungarian Sacred Symbols.

Above: Middle Yang Tze Kiang minoritiescultures, XX century folk art, Mingei Museum,S. Diego, CA, USA: Mother Isten, Cross of Istens, lines of Istens, PleiadesLeft: other Mother Istens similar to the above one, from Old Europe to 20 thcenturyHungary. Below: typical Bronze Age Pannoniadesigns in South China, Mingei Museum.

You may notice that, as it happened in Szkelyfld and in Chudia, the Hungarian symbols that are still in use in the Yang Tze Kiangvalley are the same that were in use at Bronze and Iron Age, when the Hungarians arrived in these regions (cultural persistence inisolated populations).

Analyses of present-day Han mtDNA sequences from different regions in China detect a very residual presence (less than 5%) ofEuropean haplotypes in a few regions. These include: Qinghai, Yunnan, as well as some coastal regions(Yao et al. 2002).I wish I knew the names of the coastal regions (maybe in Shan Dong (Linzi)?... or the reaches of the Yang Tze Kiang?).

M. GAN SU: SHAJING, LIJIEN, YUEH CHIHAn isolated pocket of R1a1a has been found in Gan Su exactly where the Hungarian Yueh Chih dwelled.

The DNA of the Lijien Romans and of the ancient Shajing inhabitants could sti ll be searched in a possible refugium in the nearbyvalleys and on the Tibet plain: the Lijien Romans and the Hungarian Shajing peoples could have migrated to the not far region inwhich their brothers, the Little Yueh Chih, were living and where R1a1a has been found, in Gan Su, at the borders with Tibet.Archaeology of Shajing:

Shajing was a town at the eastern end of the Gan Su (or Hexi) corridor. The Shajing culture was active in the 1st Millennium B.C.until the arrival of the Huns in the region. From the age, the distribution of the area can be inferred that the Shajing culturebelongs to the ancient Yuezhi () nationality (Yokota Yoshiaki, JP). The Yueh Chih were Hungarians who worshipped the

Mother Isten, the Turul and the Stag. Source of the images: Civilization along the Silk Road within Gansu,. The aboveartefacts are also compared to other Hungarian artefacts in the abstract they belong to.

The Caucasoid blond people of the Roman city of Li Jien (, Lichien, Liqian, Li-Chien, Lqin, as long as the linguist will beunable to standardize transliterations and at least make a proposal for a European standard alphabet! Today: Zhelaizhai, ) are

not descendents of the Romans of the legion that fought the Parthians in Carrhae (as H. H. Dubs hypothesized), but of ShajingHungarians.

Budapest History M. Shajing, Gan Su, CN Shajing, Gan Su, CN Linzi, Shan Dong, China Cross of Turuls, Shajing


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Read the story of Lijien on Honfoglals pages 137 and 197 . After you have read it, read the paper of Ethan Gruber(virginia.edu), who disputes the theory of H. H. Dubs, without giving analternative yet and you understand that what I had hypothesized in

Honfoglals is now confirmed by the archaeology of Shajing: the Romansof Lijien descend from the Hungarians of Shajing. Shajing and Lijien are locateda few kilometers from each other. Exactly where Shajing should be: theHungarians needed a China settlement or a logistic base halfway betweenLoulan and Chang An/Xian. That colony was the hub where the goods werecollected from and distributed to China. The best place to be raided by Arya-Semite-Mongols!Read about the connection of the Shajing people with the Huns on the book

Xiung Nu Huns.Location (right, map) and description of the populations in the R1a1a pockets inGansu ( 2008 Jeffrey Hays):

Dongxiang (R1a1a=28.0%. Some Dongxiang live in Xinjiang): scholarsspeculate that their identity as an independent ethnic group arose throughcontact with Central Asians, due to whom the Dongxiang converted to SunniIslam in the 13thcentury. One possible origin is that they are descendants of Mongolian troops posted in the Hezhou area by GenghisKhan (1162-1227 AD) ( Borbla! Not Huns!) during his journey westward, while another possibility is that they could be a mixture ofmany peoples including Mongolian, Han, and Tibetan groups. The Dongxiang speak their own Turkic language, which is similar toMongolian, and some of them have Caucasian features such as green and blue eyes, large noses and high cheekbones. TheDongxiang are primarily agriculturalist.The Salar(R1a1a=17.0%) are a small dark people who wear embroide

Magyar Genetika

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