Magnetic properties of SmFeAsO 1- x F x superconductors for 0.15 ≤ x ≤ 0.2

Magnetic properties of SmFeAsO1-

xFx

superconductors for 0.15 ≤ x ≤ 0.2G. Prando1,2, P. Carretta1, A. Lascialfari1, A. Rigamonti1,

S. Sanna1, L. Romanò3, A. Palenzona4, M. Putti4, M. Tropeano41 Department of Physics “A.Volta”, University of Pavia, I-27100, Pavia (Italy) –

CNISM, u.d.r. Pavia2 Department of Physics “E.Amaldi”, University of Roma Tre, I-00146, Roma

(Italy)3 Department of Physics, University of Parma, I-43100, Parma (Italy) – CNISM,

u.d.r. Parma4 Department of Physics, University of Genova, I-16146, Genova (Italy) –

CNR/INFM-LAMIAe-mail: [email protected]

AbstractThe recent discovery of high-Tc superconductivity in Fe-based oxypnictides has renewed the interest in the study of the interplay between superconductivity and magnetism in layered materials. We performed static magnetization and 19F nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurements on loose powder samples of superconducting SmFeAsO1-xFx (x = 0.15 and x = 0.2). Our results indicate that:• the low-energy excitations of the magnetic Sm3+ sublattice are not directly involved in the pairing mechanisms leading to the superconducting state.• the 4f electrons of Sm3+ ions are coupled to a sea of weakly itinerant and antiferromagnetically (AF) interacting fermions.

Fe-based pnictides: the 1111-phase

SmO(F)SmO(F)tri-layertri-layer

FeAsFeAstri-layertri-layer

SmSm

• SmFeAsO1-xFx is composed of insulating tri-layers of Sm-O-Sm alternating metallic tri-layers of As-Fe-As. • Sm3+ ions have incomplete electronic shells leading to net magnetic moments.• For one F- ion replacing one O2- ion the injection of an electron into the Fe-As layers is obtained.

• x < 0.07 : magnetic behaviour characterized by a transition to a spin density wave (SDW) phase.• x > 0.1 : superconductivity confined onto the As-Fe-As tri-layers. Tc(x) depends very smoothly on x. AF ordering of Sm3+ ions at T ≈ 5K. • 0.07 < x < 0.1 : properties still under debate [1].

Magnetization measurements

Analysis of SC fluctuations above Tc• Precursor diamagnetism characterized by an upturn field (HUP ≈ 200 – 300 Oe) in the isothermal fluctuative contributions.• The behaviour of HUP vs. T (see inset) is reminescent of the anomalous diamagnetic contributions (superimposed to the conventional Ginzburg-Landau terms) already observed in underdoped samples of cuprate materials.• Dashed lines (fitting curves): hypothesis that small stable superconducting droplets lacking of phase coherence appear already above Tc.

Estimate of the bulk Tc

• x = 0.15 : broad superconducting (SC) transition. Low contribution of magnetic impurities.• x = 0.2 : sharper SC transition. The effect of magnetic impurities causes the difference between zero-field cooled (ZFC) and field-cooled (FC) curves above Tc.

19F-NMR linewidth, shift and relaxation rate

NMR linewidthNMR linewidth

• Increase at T < TIncrease at T < Tcc due to both dynamical 1/T due to both dynamical 1/T22 processes and processes and spatial spatial modulation of the modulation of the magnetic field as induced by the fluxoids latticemagnetic field as induced by the fluxoids lattice..• Fluxoids contribution possibly implies motional narrowing effects due to the liquid phase of Fluxoids contribution possibly implies motional narrowing effects due to the liquid phase of the vortices lattice [3]. the vortices lattice [3]. • Direct comparison with the Direct comparison with the μμ++SR linewidth SR linewidth σσ in the x = 0.2 sample [1]: unexplained huge in the x = 0.2 sample [1]: unexplained huge difference of values. Further examinations are planned in order to investigate the details of difference of values. Further examinations are planned in order to investigate the details of such a discrepancy.such a discrepancy.

Nuclear spin-lattice relaxation rateNuclear spin-lattice relaxation rate

• 1/T1/T11 is unaffected by the transition to the SC phase, is unaffected by the transition to the SC phase, being possibly entirely driven by the low-energy being possibly entirely driven by the low-energy fluctuations of the magnetic moments associated with fluctuations of the magnetic moments associated with the Smthe Sm3+3+ ions. ions. • 1/T1/T11 vs. T is fairly well described by a power-law over vs. T is fairly well described by a power-law over the entire explored range independently of the sample the entire explored range independently of the sample and of the magnetic field. and of the magnetic field. The picture SmThe picture Sm3+3+ moments decoupled from the Fermi moments decoupled from the Fermi sea is sea is notnot satisfactory. satisfactory. Interpretation of the results:Interpretation of the results:• 44ff electrons of the rare-earth ions are weakly electrons of the rare-earth ions are weakly delocalized and develop AF correlations.delocalized and develop AF correlations.• Moriya’s theory of magnetic relaxation in weakly Moriya’s theory of magnetic relaxation in weakly itinerant metals is valid.itinerant metals is valid.• The magnetic correlation length follows the The magnetic correlation length follows the

proportionalityproportionality

Similar trends have already been observed in some Similar trends have already been observed in some heavy fermions systems characterized by heavy fermions systems characterized by antiferromagnetic ground states, like CeCuantiferromagnetic ground states, like CeCu6-6-xxAuAuxx[4].[4].

Shift in resonance frequencyShift in resonance frequency

• Negative paramagnetic shift Negative paramagnetic shift ΔΔK strictly obeing a Curie-Weiss-like trend.K strictly obeing a Curie-Weiss-like trend.• Direct comparison with susceptibility data: value of the scalar hyperfine coupling Direct comparison with susceptibility data: value of the scalar hyperfine coupling AAhyphyp between the magnetic moments associated with Sm between the magnetic moments associated with Sm3+3+ ions and the NMR probes, ions and the NMR probes, namely the namely the 1919F nuclei.F nuclei.

References

[1] S. Sanna et al., Phys. Rev. B 80 052503 (2009)

[2] A. Lascialfari et al., Phys. Rev. B 65 144523 (2002)

[3] P. Carretta et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 68 1236 (1992)

[4] P. Carretta et al., Phys. Rev. B 68 220404 (2003)