Maglav train

MAGLEV –MAGNETIC LEVITATION

Driving without wheels, Flying without wings.

Prepared by:GAURAV POPAT (130430109042)PARTH SHAH (130430109038)MADHUBHAI BHADARKA (130430109005)NILESH JAMOD (130430109023)

MAGNETIC LEVIATION Magnetic levitation is the use of magnetic fields to

levitate a (usually) metallic object.

Operating magnetic fields and controlling their forces can levitate an Metallic object.

A superconductor is perfectly diamagnetic ,So it is used in magnetic levitation.

Most important application of Magnetic Levitation is Transrapid magnetic lift trains.

SUPERCONDUCTIVITY Superconductivity occurs in certain materials at very low

temperatures. When superconductive material has an electrical

resistance of exactly zero. It is also characterized by a phenomenon called the

Miessner effect. This is the ejection of any sufficiently weak magnetic field from the interior of the superconductor as it transitions into the superconducting state.

BASIC PRINCIPLE OF MAGLEV TRAINS

Maglev trains have to perform the following functions to operate in high speeds

1.Leviation

2.Propulsion

3.Lateral Guidance

•The passing of the superconducting magnets by figure levitation coils on the side of the tract induces a current in the coils and creates a magnetic field. This pushes the train upward so that it can levitate 10 cm above the track.

•The train does not levitate until it reaches 50 mph, so it is equipped with retractable wheels.

PRINCIPLE OF MAGNET LEVITATION

•The propulsion coils located on the sidewalls on both sides of the guideway are energized by a three-phase alternating current from a substation, creating a shifting magnetic field on the guideway.

•The on-board superconducting magnets are attracted and pushed by the shifting field, propelling the Maglev vehicle.

•Braking is accomplished by sending an alternating current in the reverse direction so that it is slowed by attractive and repulsive forces.

PRINCIPLE OF PROPULSION

•When one side of the train nears the side of the guideway, the super conducting magnet on the train induces a repulsive force from the levitation coils on the side closer to the train and an attractive force from the coils on the farther side.

•This keeps the train in the center.

PRINCIPLE OF LATERAL GUIDANCE

TYPES OF MAGLEV TRAINS

Based on the technique used for Levitation the are two types of Maglev trains

1. Electromagnetic Suspension -Attractive

2. Electrodynamic Suspension -repulsive

ELECTROMAGNETIC SUSPENSION(EMS)

Electromagnetic Suspension uses electromagnets to levitate the train.

ELECTRODYNAMIC SUSPENSION

Electrodynamic Suspension uses Superconductors for levitation, propulsion and lateral guidance.

ADVANTAGES OF MAGNETIC LEVITATED TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM

Maglev uses 30% less energy than a high-speed train traveling at the same speed (1/3 more power for the same amount of energy).

The operating costs of a maglev system are approximately half that of conventional long-distance railroads.

Research has shown that the maglev is about 20 times safer than airplanes, 250 times safer than conventional railroads, and 700 times safer than automobile travel.

Maglev vehicle carries no fuel to increase fire hazard The materials used to construct maglev vehicles are non-

combustible, poor penetration transmitters of heat, and able to withstand fire.

CURRENT PROJECTS Currently operational systems include Transrapid

(Germany ) and High Speed Surface Transport (Japan ).

Germany and Japan have been the pioneering countries in Maglev research

OTHER APPLICATIONS NASA plans to use magnetic levitation for launching of

space vehicles into low earth orbit.

The mining industry will also benefit from Maglev.

There are probably many more undiscovered applications!

CONCLUSION The Maglev Train: Research on this ‘dream train' has

been going on for the last 30 odd years in various parts of the world.

The chief advantages of this type of train are:

Non-contact and non-wearing propulsion, independent of friction, no mechanical components like wheel, axle.

Maintenance costs decrease The Maglev offers a cheap, efficient alternative to the

current rail system. A country like India could benefit very much if this were implemented here. Further possible applications need to be explored