AN OVERVIEW PROJECT ON MAGENTA PIGMENT ISOLATION FROM FUNGUS FROM SHRM BIOTECH PVT. LIMITED KOLKATA (JULY-AUGUST 2010) (JULY-AUGUST 2010) SUBMITTED BY ARKABRATA BANDYAPADHYAY 3 RD YEAR B.Sc (H) IN BIO-TECHNOLOGY Under the supervision of Under the supervision of Mr. Ashish Roy Mr. Ashish Roy (Project Coordinator) (Project Coordinator)
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PREPARATION (100ml.) OF POTATO DEXTROSE AGAR (PDA)…………………………………...
PREPARATION(100ml.) OF CZAPEK’S BROTH MEDIA……………………………………………..
COLLECTING OF FUNGUS……………………………………………………………………………..
MAGENTA PIGMENT PRODUCTION PROCESS……………………………………………………..
QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF PIGMENT………………………………………………………...
PURIFICATION OF PIGMENT……………………………………………………..
PREPARATION OF SILICA GEL FOR TLC…………………………………………………………….
PREPARATION OF MOBILE PHASE……………………………………………………………………
PROCEDURE………………………………………………………………………………………………
RETARDATION FACTOR……………………………………………………………………………….
RESULT AND DISCUSSION…………………………………………………………
OBSERVATION OF MANGO TREE’S FUNGUS……………………………………………………….
OBSERVATION OF NEEM TREE’S FUNGUS………………………………………………………….
OBSERVATION OF JACK FRUIT TREE’S FUNGUS………………………………………………….
CONCLUTION…………………………………………………………………………
ADVANTAGES(Health and safety aspects of natural dyes)………………………...
LIMITATION…………………………………………………………………………...
REFERENCES…………………………………………………………………………..
EXTARNAL LINKS…………………………………………………………………….
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I owe a great many thanks to a great many people who helped and supported me during
my project paper.
My deepest thanks to the project coordinator Mr.ASHISH ROY and also my collage
H.O.D Dr. Bidyut Bandhopadhaya the Guide of the project for guiding and correcting
various documents of mine with attention and care. He has taken pain to go through the
project and make necessary correction as and when needed.
I express my thanks to the Principal of University of Burdwan, for extending his support.
My deep sense of gratitude to Mr. Ashish Roy my project coordinator and collage H.O.D.
Mr. Bidyut Bndhopadhaya, SHRM BIO- TECH pvt. ltd. Kolkata support and guidance.
Thanks and appreciation to the helpful people at SHRM BIO- TECH pvt. ltd. Kolkata, for
their support.
I am greatly obliged to the director of SHRM who accommodated me for the training of
the organization.
I would also thank my Institution and my faculty members without whom this project
would have been a distant reality. I also extend my heartfelt thanks to my family, my
parents(Goutam Bandyapadhayay and Anulekha Bandyapadhyay),my sister(Angana
Bandyapadhyay) my friends and well wishers.
DECLARATION
I DO HERE BY DECLARE THAT THIS DISSERTATION REPORT SUBMITTED BY ME ABOUT MAGENTA PIGMENT ISOLATION FROM FUNGUS, IS OF MY OWN AND NOT SUBMITTED TO ANY OTHER INSTITUTION OR PUBLISHED ANYWHERE ELSE.
ARKABRATA BANERJEE
REG NO.
ROLL NO.
DATE:
A BSTRACT
The fungus producing magenta was collected from different tree like
mango,neem,jack fruit etc. in nature and culture these fungus from different trees
on different PDA(potato dextrose agar) media plate. The fungal strain that
produced magenta pigment was closely related to Phoma herbarum. The type of
fibers added to Czapek’s medium influenced which pigments were produced. The
pigment was purified through TLC chromatography. The pigment structure was
partially determined. This is the first report of the production of magenta pigment
by a microorganism specifically in the presence of nylon-6 fibers, via an unknown
mechanism. This phenomenon raises the question of why and how the fungus
disperses the pigment inside the fiber and suggests that fabrics can be dyed using
microorganisms.
I NTRODUCTION
WHY MAGENTA PIGMENT?
Demand for natural instead of synthetic pigments for coloring fabrics, foods and
cosmetics is increasing. Unlike pigments that are synthetic, those from natural sources
allow subtle differences in tone because such pigments generally comprise various
color components. Microbes have recently received focus as sources of natural
pigments . Many fungal species produce pigments. Monascus fungi produce red or
yellow pigments that are used as food colorants. Hahella produces red, prodigiosin,
Ashbya produces yellow riboflavin , Phoma produces orange aza-anthraquinone and
Chromobacterium produces blue violacein. We discovered a fungus that produces
magenta pigment. We found that the produced colors were magenta, pink or green
depending on the type of fiber added to the culture medium. These findings indicated
that various fibers influence the metabolic pathways involved in the production of
secondary pigment metabolites.
PHYSICS OF COLOUR :
Electromagnetic radiation is characterized by its wavelength and its intensity.
When wavelength is with in visible spectrum the range of wavelength human can
perceive, approximately from 380 nm to 740 nm. It is known visible light. The science
of colour is called as chromatics.
PIGMENT :
A pigment is the material that changes the colour of light .it reflects as the
result of selective colour absorption. This physical process differs from Fluorescence,
phosphorescence and other forms of Luminescence in which the material itself emits
light. Many materials absorb certain wavelength of light that humans have chosen and
develop for use as pigments usually have special properties that make them ideal for
coloring other materials. A pigment has a high tinting strength relative to the materials
it colors. It must be stable form at ambient temperature.
Archaeologists have uncovered evidence that early humans used paint for
aesthetic purpose such as body decoration. Pigments and paint grinding equipment
believed to be between 350,000 and 400,000 years old have been reported in a cave at
twin Rivers, near Lusaka, Zambia. The earliest known pigments were natural
minerals.
Microbes have recently received focus as sources of natural pigments, many
fungal species produce pigments. Monascus fungi produces Red or yellow pigments
that are used as food colorants. Hahella produces red, Prodigiosin, Ashbya produces
Yellow Riboflavin, and Phoma produces Pink or Orange pigment.
MAGENTA :
Magenta is a colour made up of equal part of red and blue light. This would be
the precise definition of the colour as defind for computer display. It is pure chroma
on the colour wheel mid way between violet and rose. In HSV colour space, Magenta
has a Hue of 300˚C.
Magenta is not a spectral but an extra spectral colour. It can’t be generated by
light of single wavelength. Human being can only see as far as 380 nm in to the
spectrum i.e. as far as violet. The Hue Magenta is the complement of green. Magenta
pigment absorb green light, thus Magenta and green are opposite colour.
Magenta actually contains more purple pigment than Fuchsia that is actually
used to create Magenta. Magenta was invented in 1980. The colour originally called
as Fushin made from coal tar dyes in 1859. Besides being called original magenta, it is
also called Rich magenta. It is mixture of red and blue wavelength.
HUE :
Hue is one of the main properties of a colour defined technically as the degree to
which a stimulus can be described as red, green, blue, and yellow.
CMYK :
The best places to start when trying to understand the colour spectrum is with the
CMYK colour model which is composed of cyan that is a bluish green colour,
magenta is a purplish red colour, yellow that is medium yellow and key which is
black. The CMYK colour model is newer to the industry compared to the more
traditional RGB or red, green, blue model.
V ARIATION OF M AGENTA
Magenta is a purplish pink colour evoked by light with less power in yellowish
green wavelength then in blue and red wavelength. The hue magenta is the
complement of green. Magenta pigment absorb green light, thus magenta and green
are opposite colour.
The three variation of magenta pigment are;
1. MAGENTA DYE (ORIGINALVARIATION)
2. PROCESS MAGENTA (PIGMENTMAGENTA) (PRINTER MAGENTA)
3. ELECTRIC MAGENTA (ADDTIVE SECONDARY MAGENTA)
1. MAGENTA DYE :
Before printer’s magenta was invented in the 1890 for CMYK printing and
electric magenta was invented in 1980 for computer display. Magenta dye colour is
also called Rich Magenta. Magenta was one of the first aniline dyes discovered
shortly after the Battle of Magenta (1859). The colour was originally called Fuchine
or Roseine, but for marketing purpose in 1860 the colour name was changed to
magenta.
2. PROCESS MAGENTA :
In colour printing, the colour called Process Magenta or Pigment Magenta. It
is one of the primary pigment colours which along with yellow and cyan constitute the
3 subtractive primary colours of pigment. The secondary colours of pigment are blue,
green, and red. As such the CMYK printing process was invented in 1890. Process
Magenta is not an RGB colour, and there is no fixed conversion from CMYK to RGB.
3. ELECTRIC MAGENTA :
For computer colour radiation, that specific Hue of magenta composed of
equal part of red and blue light was termed the WEB colour fuchsia and was assigned
as an alias for the RGB code of magenta on the list of standardized web colours
“ELECTRIC” Magenta and fuchsia are exactly same colour. Some time Electric
Magenta is called “ELECTONIC” Magenta.
R eview of literature
Dyeing has almost ceased to exist as a traditional art. In this 20 th century the
importance of colour is our lives seems to be realizing less and less. It has been
forgotten that strong and beautiful colour, such as used to abound in all everyday
things is an essential to the full joy of life.
A DYE can generally describe as a colored substance that has an affinity to
the substrate which it is being applied. Both dye and pigment appear to be colored
because; they absorb some wavelength of light. The first human made (synthetic)
organic dye, Mauveine, was discovered by William Henry Perkin in 1856. Many
thousand of synthetic dyes have since been prepare. Synthetic dyes quickly replaced
the natural traditional dyes.
One aspects of the invention relates to a process for preparing a magenta or Azo
pigment involving the steps of coupling at least one diazonium component of one or
more aromatic amine where R is a lower alkyl group or a Hydro carboxyl group.
The present invention relates to metabolized Azo blue shade red to magenta
pigment suitable for use as a coloring agent. Methods of making and using the
metalized azo magenta pigment and plastic coating and inks. According to the present
invention magenta exhibit high tinctorial strength while simultaneously exhibiting
good heat stability, light fastness.
In the middle of nineteenth century all dyes available to man came from
natural sources. Most of these were vegetable extract and few were animal product.
Today however practically all dyes are synthetic. They are prepared from aromatic
compound. If a natural dye did not have the chemical grouping necessary to react with
the chemical grouping of a particular fabric, which the fabric couldn’t dyed with that
material. According to present invention contain few (no more than about one)
Halogen atom or pigment molecule. So the metalized azo magenta pigment is
environmentally friendly. The azo pigment of present invention are prepared by
initially diazotizing one or more aromatic amines suitable for use in this invention and
there after coupling diazonium component with a coupling component suitable for use
in this invention to form described dye.
H ISTORY OF M AGENTA
Magenta is the first aniline dye discovered shortly after the battle of Magenta
(1859).This occurred near the town of magenta in Northern Italy. The colour was
originally called Fuchsine or rosine but for marketing purpose in 1860 the colour
name was change to Magenta after the battle.
The history of Magenta dye is very intresting. Egyptian mummies have been found
wrapped in cloth dyed from the madder plant.
Alexander the great is supposed to have deceived the Persians into thinking that his
armies were wounded by sprinkling his solder with a red dye, probably madder juice,
which contain the dye alizarian.
The dark blue indigo dye has been known for over 4000 years, when Romans invaded
England, they found that the country was inhabited by the ancient people called picts.
They tattooed and painted themselves with indigo. Latin meaning of Briton is painted
man.
Mark Antony’s flight from the crucial naval battle of Actium was especially
conspicuous because he fled in Cleopatra’s barge, which was carrying snails, known
for their colour Royal purple.
M agenta in H uman c ulture
COMICS BOOKS :
Magenta is a fictional character in the DC Comics' series Teen Titans.
BUSINESS :
Magenta is a color trademark of Deutsche Telekom AG, parent company of T-Mobile
ASTRONOMY :
Fig:Artist's vision of a spectral class T brown dwarf
Astronomers have reported that spectral class T brown dwarves (the ones with the
coolest temperatures) are colored magenta because of absorption by sodium and
potassium atoms of light in the green portion of the spectrum.
FILM :
Magenta is a fictional character ("a domestic") in the Rocky Horror Picture Show.
MUSIC :
There is a song called Magenta on the 1998 album Blue Wonder Power Milk by
Hoover phonic.
Magenta is the title of a spoken word song by Ken Nordine on his 1967 Colors
album.
PARAPSYCHOLOGY :
To psychics who claim to be able to observe the aura with their third eye, someone who has a magenta aura is usually described as being artistic and creative. It is reported that typical occupations for someone with a magenta aura would be such professions as artist, art dealer, actor, author, costume designer, or set designer.
POLITICS :
The color magenta is used to symbolize anti-racism by the Amsterdam-based anti-racism Magenta Foundation.
In Spain, magenta is used as the official color of the UPyD "Union, Progress and Democracy" political party.