Macromolecules Structure & Function. You Are What You Eat Total%Daily Value Calories1280 Total Fat (g)5991 Saturated Fat (g)1679 Cholesterol (mg)8528.

Macromolecules

Structure & Function

You Are What You EatTotal %Daily

Value

Calories 1280

Total Fat (g) 59 91

Saturated Fat (g) 16 79

Cholesterol (mg) 85 28

Sodium (mg) 1420 59

Carbohydrates (g) 158 53

Dietary Fiber (g) 11 42

Protein (g) 33 -

Big Mac Meal

http://www.mcdonalds.com/app_controller.nutrition.mcmeal.bagmeal.html

Carbohydrates C : 2H : O

carbo hydrate (water)

Examples Glucose C6H12O6

Fructose C6H12O6

Isomers

Monosaccharides (one sugar) Fuel Sweet!

Carbohydrates Disaccharides (two

sugars)

Examples Sucrose Dehydration synthesis

Coca-Cola Classic®

Carbonated water, high fructose corn syrup and/or sucrose, caramel color, phosphoric acid, natural flavors (vegetable source), caffeine.

Carbohydrates Polysaccharides

(many sugars) Up to thousands of

units Fuel Storage

Starch- Plants Glycogen- Animals

Starch & Glycogen

Carbohydrates Polysaccharides

(many sugars) Up to thousands of

units Structural

Cellulose Hard to digest!

Total %DailyValue

Calories 1280

Carbohydrates (g) 158 53

Dietary Fiber (g) 11 42

Starch & Glycogen

Carbohydrates Polysaccharides

(many sugars) Up to thousands of

units Structural

Starch & Glycogen

Cellulose

Chitin

monosaccharide

disaccharide

polysaccharide

Carbohydrate Structures

Lipids Hydrophobic

Oil & water do not mix!

Less O

Total %DailyValue

Calories 1280

Total Fat (g) 59 91

Saturated Fat (g) 16 79

Cholesterol (mg) 85 28

Sodium (mg) 1420 59

Carbohydrates (g) 158 53

Dietary Fiber (g) 11 42

Protein (g) 33 -

Examples Fatty acid Triglyceride Saturated Unsaturated

Lipids

Large French FriesPotatoes, partially hydrogenated soybean oil, natural flavor (beef source), dextrose, sodium acid pyrophosphate (to preserve natural color). Cooked in partially hydrogenated vegetable oils (may contain partially hydrogenated soybean oil and/or partially hydrogenated corn oil and/or partially hydrogenated canola oil and/or cottonseed oil and/or sunflower oil and/or corn oil).

Lipids Energy Storage!

1 g of carbohydrate 4 calories

1 g of fat 9 calories Fuel of choice for flying

insects Insulation Waterproofing Membrane

Phospholipid Steroids

Cholesterol Hormones

Fatty acid

Triglyceride

Phospholipid

Steroid

Fatty acid

Proteins Workers of the cell

Responsible for most of what cells do

Diverse! Amino acids

Building blocks Dehydration synthesis Polypeptide

Total %DailyValue

Calories 1280

Total Fat (g) 59 91

Saturated Fat (g) 16 79

Cholesterol (mg) 85 28

Sodium (mg) 1420 59

Carbohydrates (g) 158 53

Dietary Fiber (g) 11 42

Protein (g) 33 -

Protein Structure Primary- amino acid sequence Secondary

Regular folding helix pleated sheet

Hydrogen bonding between O----+H-N on the polypeptide backbone

Tertiary Folding Interactions between the side groups

Tertiary Structure

Hydrogen bonds

Hydrophobic interaction

Disulfidebridge

Ionicbonds

Protein Structure Quaternary

More than one polypeptide More than one gene!

Protein Function Structural support

Collagen, silk, keratin

Transport

Hormones

Insulin

Receptors

Defense

Antibody

Enzymes A protein that does a special job

Thousands in the body

Catalyze reactions

Reusable

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Structure/mmdb/mmdbsrv.cgi?form=6&db=t&Dopt=s&uid=24928

ATPase

Nucleic Acid DNA & RNA (mRNA, tRNA, rRNA, & more)

Store information for making protein

Genes – sequence that codes for a protein

Four nucleotide bases: Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, Cytosine

Nucleotide

Sugar

Phosphate

Nitrogen Base

PolynucleotideHydrogen Bonds