Macromolecules: Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins. What did you eat for breakfast today? Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy.

Macromolecules: Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins

What did you eat for breakfast today?

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy


This unit is the property of Ryan P. Murphy copyright 2010

Goal: By the end of the of this unit you should be able to describe, proteins,

carbohydrates, lipids. This unit will help you understand the make-up of

complex molecules.

Area of Focus: SPONCH


• 25 of the 100+ elements are essential for life. – SPONCH elements are the most biologically

important.


• 25 of the 100+ elements are essential for life. – SPONCH elements are the most biologically

important.


25 of the 100+ elements in the world are essential for life. – SPONCH elements are the most biologically

important.



• Organic Chemistry: The chemistry of carbon compounds.– Carbon is the duct tape of life. It holds everything

together.

• Percentage of SPONCH elements in living things.

• S. Sulfur Trace• P. Phosphorus 1.0%• O. Oxygen 65.0%• N. Nitrogen 3.3%• C. Carbon 18.5%• H. Hydrogen 9.56%

• Other (Trace) 3.0%

• Sulfur, Sodium, Magnesium, Copper, Zinc, Selenium, Molybdenum, Fluorine, Chlorine, Iodine, Manganese, Cobalt, Iron Lithium, Strontium, Aluminum, Silicon, Lead, Vanadium, Arsenic, Bromine



























Percentage of SPONCH elements in living things.





• Activity! Please complete an animal graph of the data you have just gathered.












• We now know what SPONCH is, what do you think the SPONCH CaFe is?


The next most important elements for life.– Ca= Calcium– Fe= Iron


• SPONCH molecules make– Carbohydrates (CHO) 1:2:1– Protein (SONCH)– Lipids (fat) (CH with a few O)– Nucleic Acids DNA (SPONCH)








Carbohydrates

• Function = fuel supply…ENERGY!

Carbohydrates (sugars) SPONCH


Glucose Monomers

CarbonHydrogenOxygen

Carbohydrates

Function (use):•Main source of energy•Structural purposes (plants only…cellulose)

Carbohydrates

Simple ComplexMonosaccharides

Fructose, Glucose(Fruit and Sugar)

PolysaccharidesStarch, Cellulose

(Grains, Plant Cell Walls)

• 1:2:1 ratio for carbon, hydrogen, oxygen.


• Common sugars tend to end in “ose” Ex –glucose.


• Can you find the sugar below?


• Answer: Fructose


The Glucose Song.–What are some the functions of sugar to

the human body described in the song / video?

– http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jJvAL-iiLnQ

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jJvAL-iiLnQ

• Cellulose: The Cell Walls in plants.– Strong sugar woven sugar that allows plants to

be very tall.


• Chitin – Insect exoskeleton

• Starch is a complex sugar – (longer lasting energy)


• Activity! Making Saltine Man / Women.– Add drops of diluted iodine in water onto the

Saltine to make a face.


• Activity! Making Saltine Man / Women.– Add drops of diluted iodine in water onto the

Saltine to make a face.


• Activity! Testing for the presence of starch.– Iodine turns black when in the presence of starch.– Draw a picture of each test tube and make a

prediction as to which one contains starch.– Test the samples on your tray with one drop of

Iodine. Which have starch and which do not?


• There are two types of sugars– -– -


• Simple Sugars: Broken down quickly.


• Complex Sugars: – Starch / Fiber / Glycogen / Cellulose / Chitin.


• Starch is a major component of bread.


• Starch is a major component of bread. –We can find starch in breads and pasta,

vegetables, and tubers like potatoes and yams.


• Candy bars have lots of simple sugars such as glucose and fructose.

• Which picture represents simple sugars?

• Which picture represents simple sugars?

What types of food should you eat before an athletic event?– The night before vs. game time.– Should you eat the same things, different,

talk it over and explain.


Answer: Simple sugars such as a candy bar or sugar drink will give you quick short burst of energy, while complex sugars such as starch are longer lasting

energy but require more time to break down.

• Answer: Simple sugars such as a candy bar or sugar drink will give you quick short burst of energy, while complex sugars such as starch are longer lasting energy and require more time to break down.

• Simple sugars can be broken down quickly for short energy, Complex sugars have more energy, but it takes longer to break them down.

• Eat Complex the night before, more simple during the event.– A spaghetti dinner during halftime won’t

help you.– A candy bar the night before won’t help

you.


Types of sugars

• Sucrose = Glucose + Fructose

• Lactose = Glucose + Galactose

• Maltose = Glucose + Glucose


Types of sugars





Types of sugars





Types of sugars





• Monosaccharide: One sugar – Glucose / Fructose.


• Monosaccharide: One sugar – Glucose / Fructose.


• Disaccharides – two sugars.– Lactose, Sucrose.


• Disaccharides – two sugars.– Lactose, Sucrose.


• Polysaccharides: Many sugars linked together.– Complex Sugars.


• Polysaccharides: Many sugars linked together.– Complex Sugars.


• Glycogen: The storage form of glucose, comes from starch in plants.


• Which is a monosaccharide, disaccharide, polysaccharide?





Carbohydrates: Monomers• Monomer is “monosaccharide”• C:H:O is 1:2:1 ratio• Monomers are “useable” form of energy

Carbohydrates: Polymers• Called “polysaccharides”

Glycogen

Starch

Cellulose

Lipids

• Hydrophobic!

– Cell

membranes

– Energy storage

– Messengers

Lipids: Monomers• Called “fatty acids”

Lipids: Polymers

Triglyceride Phospholipid

glyceride glycerideglyceride

Fatty Acid

Fatty Acid

Fatty Acid

Fatty Acid

Fatty Acid

Protein• Function: Many!– Structural (make hair, nails, muscle, etc)– Enzymes (lower activation energy to make reactions

easier)– Defense proteins in the blood

Protein: Monomer• Called “amino acid”—there are 20 types• 3 parts

• Amino group• Carboxyl group• Side chain (makes each amino acid unique)

Protein: Polymer• Called the “polypeptide”• A lot of amino acids linked together via peptide bonds

Nucleic Acids• Function: To store and transfer all information within a

cell and within an organism.• It is the basis of “GENETICS”• It tells how a cell or organism built and programmed.

Nucleic Acids: Monomer• Called “nucleic acids” • 3 parts:

• Phosphate group• Pentose Sugar• Nitrogenous Base (A,T, G, C) : makes 4 types!

Nucleic Acids: Polymer

• DNA• The instruction

manual on how the cell/organism is built.

RNAThe person who reads

the instructions and works to build it.

Macromolecules: Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins. What did you eat for breakfast today? Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy.

Documents

sponch copyright

sulfur tracep

bromine copyright

cpercentage of sponch

property of ryan

iron lithium

murphy copyright

living things