Macrom olecules. Macromolecular Structure Monomer Monomer Single molecule used as building block Assembles polymers via dehydration (condensation)

Macromolecular Structure Monomer

Single molecule used as building block Assembles polymers via dehydration

(condensation)

C O H

H

H

H C O H

H

H

H

Dehydration

1. H and OH are removed

2. Monomers bond

Macromolecular Structure Polymer

Breaks down into smaller polymers or monomers via hydrolysis

C

O H

H

H

H C O H

H

H

H

Hydrolysis

1. Molecules separate

2. Water lyses and occupies open bonds

Monosaccharides

Carbohydrate monomers (CH2O)n

Polysaccharides Monosaccharide condensation via glycosidic linkage

Identity depends on… Monomers and glycosidic linkage angle (3-D shape)

Polysaccharides

Polysaccharides

Starch Glycogen Cellulose Chitin

Fatty Acids

Saturated Maximum H’s No C=C bonds

Unsaturated Less than maximum H’s C=C bonds

Triglycerides (triacylgycerols) Glycerol + 3 Fatty acids

CarboxylHydroxyl

Triglycerides (and variants)

(triacylgycerols)

Cell membranes Oils used in plant seeds Adipose tissue

Steroids Four fused carbon rings Hormones, venoms

Functions

R

Primary Structure Amino acid sequence

20 different kinds Groups

Amino Carboxyl Radical C C

O

O HH

HN

H

Varies

Amino Acids

Primary Structure Polypeptide

Chain of amino acids

C CO

O HH

HN

HC C

O

O HH

HN

H

R

Peptide Bond

R

Complex Structure

2o

3o

4o

Denaturation Environmental factors can disrupt 2o, 3o, or 4o structure

Phosphodiester Linkage

5

3

5

3

5

3

5

3

5

3

5

3

Nitrogen Bases

Nitrogen Bases Nitrogen Bases

ProteinSynthesis

Which Category?1. Nonpolar

2. Phosphodiester

3. Branched helices

4. Chitin

5. Radical group

6. Nitrogen base

7. Ester linkage

8. Disulfide bridge

9. Steroid

10. Peptidoglycan

11. 5’ and 3’ ends