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From dub to disco: Electronic music produc3on and crea3vity #mac351 robert.jewi>@sunderland.ac.uk
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Mac351 from dub to disco electronic music production and creativity

May 15, 2015

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Rob Jewitt

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Page 1: Mac351 from dub to disco electronic music production and creativity

From  dub  to  disco:    Electronic  music  produc3on  and  crea3vity  

#mac351  robert.jewi>@sunderland.ac.uk  

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Overview  

•  Technology  •  Technique  •  Talent  

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Useful  sources  

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Wri>en  &  designed  by  Evan  Linardi    

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“The  ability  to  remix  media,  hack  products,  or  otherwise  tamper  with  consumer  

culture  is  their  birthright,  and  they  won't  let  outmoded  intellectual  property  laws  

stand  in  their  way”  -­‐  Tapsco>  &  Williams,  2008:  52  

 

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Fairlight  CMI  (1979)  

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ABC-­‐TV  -­‐    1980  

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Kate  Bush  –  ‘Babooshka’  –  Never  For  Ever  (1980)  

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Afrika  Bambaataa  &  Soul  Sonic  Force  –  ‘Planet  Rock’  (1982)  

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Kylie  Minogue  –  ‘Sweet  Music’    -­‐  Body  Language  (2004)  

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‘In  1979,  the  use  of  Page  C  and  Music  Composi3on  Language  (MCL)  meant  that  not  only  was  the  Fairlight  a  synthesizer  and  sampler,  it  also  incorporated  musical  composi3on  abili3es.  By  1982,  a  real-­‐3me  programmable  sequencer  was  added.  In  1983,  the  Musical  Instrument  Digital  Interface  (MIDI)  and  Society  for  Mo3on  Picture  and  TV  Engineers  3me  code  (SMPTE)  were  supported’  -­‐  Brabazon,  2012:  101-­‐2  

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Akai  S-­‐series  S612  pictured  

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Deadmau5  on  DJing  

“It  takes  two  days  to  learn,  as  long  as  you  can  count  to  four”  

“People  are  […]  smartening  up  about  who  does  what  –  but  there’s  s3ll  bu>on-­‐pushers  gemng  paid  half  a  million.”  -­‐  Rolling  Stone,  2012  

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2  ar3cles  on  Sunspace  

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Part  1:  the  dub  

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‘All  any  prime  minister  had  to  do  to  gauge  the  winds  was  to  listen  closely  to  the  week’s  45  rpm  single  releases;  they  were  like  poli3cal  polls  set  to  melody  and  riddim’    -­‐  Jeff  Chang,  2005:  31    

Arthur  ‘Duke’ Reid:  “King  of  Sound  &  Blues”  1956,  1957  and  1958    

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Rudolph  ‘Ruddy’  Redwood  &  Byron  Smith      

1962  –  Jamaican  independence  1964  –  Reid  built  recording  studio  1967  –  The  Paragons  

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Part  2:  the  ‘mix’  

Nicky  Siano  

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1972  –  Botel  club,  Fire  Island,  New  York  

Part  3:  the  ‘edit’  

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 Law  of  the  Land  starts  with  clapping  and  [Gibbons]  used  to  extend  that  sec3on  in  real  3me  but  there  were  a  few  fuck-­‐ups,  so  I  said,  ‘Why  don’t  we  record  the  song  over  and  over  again,  just  the  beginning  of  it,  and  then  splice  the  magne3c  tape  together?’...  Then  we  pressed  it  to  acetate.    -­‐  Lawrence,  2008:  288  

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Part  4:  the  ‘break’  

1967  –  Clive  Campbell  (AKA  DJ  Kool  Herc)  arrives  in  the  Bronx  from  Jamaica  

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“We  might  an3cipate  a  new  music  based  on  reworking  MP3  recordings  pulled  from  the  Internet  .  .  .  .  In  this  respect,  the  Internet  is  more  than  just  a  means  of  distribu3on,  it  becomes  a  raison  d’être  for  a  culture  based  on  audio  data”  

–   Riddell,  2001,  p.341  cited  in  Shiga,  2007:  94  

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The  Prodigy  –  ‘Smack  My  Bitch  Up’  –  The  Fat  Of  The  Land  (1997)    

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"In  the  old  days,  samples  were  $2,500  or  $1,500.  …  I  paid  $2,000  for  a  Gladys  Knight  sample  for  'Can  It  Be  All  So  Simple'  off  Enter  the  Wu-­‐Tang  (36  Chambers).  That  was  a  big  intro,  and  the  hook  was  repe33ous.  Something  like  that  nowadays  would  cost  $10,000."  

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•  “mass  culture  provides  the  building  blocks  for  the  stuff  we  create”  –  Lessig  in  Lasica,  2005  

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Industry  response    

•  lobbying  for  legisla3ve  changes  •  court  ac3ons  •  educa3on  and  propaganda  campaigns  •  technological  means  

•  For  more  info  see  Allen  (2008)  and  Lessig  (2004,  2008)  

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Expansion  of  U.S.  copyright  law  (assuming  authors  create  their  works  35  years  prior  to  their  death)  

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Piracy  used  to  be  about  folks  who  made  and  sold  large  numbers  of  counterfeit  copies.  Today,  the  term  “piracy”  seems  to  describe  any  unlicensed  ac0vity,  especially  if  the  person  engaging  in  it  is  a  male  teenager.  The  content  industry  calls  some  things  that  are  unques3onably  legal  “piracy”’.  -­‐  Litman,  2000:  7-­‐8    

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h>p://remix.nin.com/  

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h>p://www.djsasha.com/mailer/    

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Copyright/copywrong?  

•  Technological  shiys  •  Cultural  shiys  •  Legal  shiys  

•  DMCA  •  Fair  use/dealing  

•  Sonny  Bono  Copyright  Term  Extension  Act  

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If you were sued every time you accidentally violated copyright law in a single day how much would you owe?  

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Conclusion  

•  Less  than  2%  of  works  have  any  con3nuing  commercial  value  (Lessig,  2004)  

•  CTEA  =  Mickey  Mouse  act?  •  ‘Rent-­‐seeking’?  •  S3fling  crea3vity?  

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 •  ‘Sound  desk’    -­‐  Rob  Jewi>  •  ‘The  Beatles  Part  2  8-­‐track’  -­‐  Paul  Riismandel  •  ‘mixtape  from  a  friend  in  college’  –  jessamyn  west  •  ‘BASF  DAT  Digital  Audio  Tape’  –  windthoek  •  ‘IMGP6827_minidisc’  –  Rae  Allen  •  ‘Moog  Li>le  Pha>y  Tribute  Edi3on’  –  Leo  Jun  •  ‘Radium  49  M-­‐Audio  Keyboard  –  5’  –  Dave  Sag  •  ‘roland  tb-­‐303  bass  line’  –  dr.  mo>e  •  ‘Sample  this’  –  John  Athayde  •  ‘Analog  music  playing  device’  –  Robert  Frieberger  •  ‘laws  for  atoms’  –  Will  Lion  

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