M6.3 EARTHQUAKE STRIKES KAKI, IRAN TUESDAY, APRIL 9, 2013 32 DEAD 850 INJURED Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, Vienna, Virginia, USA.

M6.3 EARTHQUAKE STRIKES KAKI, IRAN

TUESDAY, APRIL 9, 2013

32 DEAD

850 INJURED

Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, Vienna,

Virginia, USA 

THE EPICENTER: KAKI

• The town of Kaki is located 96 km (57 miles) southeast of Bushehr, a town on the Persian Gulf that is home of Iran’s first nuclear power plant, built with Russian help.

• “No damage was done to the Bushehr power plant.”

BUSHEHR: DAMAGE

Iran has a long history of destructive earthquakes, which have already left at least 126,000 dead during the 20th and 21st centuries.

FOR ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

• Contact Mehdi Zare and Mohammad Shahvar, IIEES

[email protected]

ADDITIONAL PERSPECTIVE

IRAN: INTERACTION OF ARABIAN —ANATOLIAN---EURASIAN PLATES

INTERACTING TECTONIC PLATES

REGIONAL SEISMICITY

IRAN: HIGH TO VERY HIGH RISK

INADEQUATE RESISTANCE TO HORIZONTAL GROUND SHAKING

EARTHQUAKESEARTHQUAKES

SOIL AMPLIFICATION

PERMANENT DISPLACEMENT (SURFACE FAULTING & GROUND

FAILURE)

IRREGULARITIES IN ELEVATION AND PLAN

FIRE FOLLOWING RUPTURE OF UTILITIES

LACK OF DETAILING AND CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS

INATTENTION TO NON-STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS

CAUSES OF DAMAGE

CAUSES OF DAMAGE

“DISASTER LABORATORIES”

“DISASTER LABORATORIES”

A DISASTER is ---

--- the set of failures that overwhelm the capability of a community to respond without external help  when three continuums: 1)  people, 2) community (i.e., a set of habitats, livelihoods, and social constructs), and 3) complex events (e.g., earthquakes, cyclones,..) intersect at a point in space and time.

Disasters are caused by single- or multiple-event natural hazards that, (for various reasons), cause

extreme levels of mortality, morbidity, homelessness,

joblessness, economic losses, or environmental impacts.

THE REASONS ARE . . .

• The community is UN-PREPARED for what will likely happen

THE REASONS ARE . . .

• When it does happen, the functions of the community’s buildings and infrastructure that are UNPROTECTED with the appropriate codes and standards will be LOST.

UNREINFO

RCED MASO

NRY, BRIC

K OR S

TONE

REINFORCED C

ONCRETE WIT

H UNREIN

FORCED WALLS

INTENSITYINTENSITY

REINFORCED CONCRETE WITH REINFORCEDWALLS

STEEL FRAME

ALL METAL & WOOD FRAME

VV VIVI VIIVII VIIIVIII IXIX

3535

3030

2525

2020

1515

1010

55

00

MEA

N D

AM

AG

E R

ATIO

,

%

M

EA

N D

AM

AG

E R

ATIO

,

%

O

F R

EPLA

CE

MEN

T V

ALU

EO

F R

EPLA

CE

MEN

T V

ALU

E

CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS HAVE DIFFERENT VULNERABILITIES TO GROUND

SHAKING

CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS HAVE DIFFERENT VULNERABILITIES TO GROUND

SHAKING

THE REASONS ARE . . .

• The community has NO DISASTER PLANNING SCENARIO or WARNING SYSTEM in place as a strategic framework for concerted local, national, regional, and international actions.

THE REASONS ARE . . .

• The community LACKS THE CAPACITY TO RESPOND to the full spectrum of emergency situations that can occur.

THE REASONS ARE . . .

• The community is INEFFICIENT during recovery and reconstruction because it HAS NOT LEARNED from either the current experience or the cumulative prior experiences.

BAM EARTHQUAKE: DECEMBER 26, 2003

TOWARDS EARTHQUAKE DISASTER RESILIENCE

TOWARDS EARTHQUAKE DISASTER RESILIENCE

IRAN’S IRAN’S COMMUNITIESCOMMUNITIES

IRAN’S IRAN’S COMMUNITIESCOMMUNITIES

DATA BASES DATA BASES AND INFORMATIONAND INFORMATIONDATA BASES DATA BASES AND INFORMATIONAND INFORMATION

HAZARDS: GROUND SHAKING GROUND FAILURE SURFACE FAULTING TECTONIC DEFORMATION TSUNAMI RUN UP AFTERSHOCKS

• EARTHQUAKE HAZARDS•INVENTORY•VULNERABILITY•LOCATION

EARTHQUAKE RISK EARTHQUAKE RISK

RISK

ACCEPTABLE RISK

UNACCEPTABLE RISK

EARTHQUAKE DISASTER EARTHQUAKE DISASTER RESILIENCERESILIENCE

•PREPAREDNESS•PROTECTION•FORECASTS/SCENARIOS•EMERGENCY RESPONSE•RECOVERY and RECONSTRUCTION

POLICY OPTIONSPOLICY OPTIONS