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ELA 20-1Study Guide: Unit 1

Theme: Conformity

Texts that will be studied in this thematic unit are as follows:

1.Poems: “The Unknown Citizen” & “St. George”2.Short Stories: “The Pose” and “A Secret Lost In Water”3.Novel: “Lord of the Flies” by William Golding4.Film: Dead Poets Society

Laws and rules are necessary to keep the darker side of human nature in order.


Satirical Poetry on (Conformity) Imprints 11 Textbook P. 194

St. George by Nancy Senior

1. Define Irony.

2. Define Satire

3. What is a Stereotype?

Theme: things are not always as they seem (knights are not always heroes; maidens are not always helpless; dragons are not always dangerous).

4. What is a gender-role stereotype?

Discussion:

5. Why would a knight consider a maiden with a dragon in need of rescue?


6. What does this poem reveal about society in the Middle ages?

7. What does this poem reveal about modern day society?

8. Who or what is the satirist ridiculing in this poem?

9. What do you think of the knight and his actions?

10. Define Tone.


11. How would you describe the tone of the humour in this poem? Did you find it funny?

12. Explain the significance of the title.


Poem: “The Unknown Citizen” by W. H Auden Imprints 11 Textbook P. 195

Theme: contemporary society encourages conformity and therefore anonymity. Anonymity: the state of blending into a crowd and going unnoticed.

Tomb of the Unknown Soldier refers to a grave in which the unidentifiable remains of a soldier are interred. Such tombs can be found in many nations and are usually high-profile national monuments. Throughout history, many soldiers have died in wars without their remains being identified

1. Discussion: Could Auden be describing contemporary society? Is conformity a good thing?

2. What is the object of ridicule or attack in this poem? Is it the “unknown citizen” or the society in which the citizen lives? If both who is the primary target of the humour?

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soldier

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monument

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soldier

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadaver

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grave_(burial)


Short Story:

“A Secret Lost in the Water” by Roch Carrier P. 94

Conformity: compliance with a fixed standard, regulation, or requirement.

A father attempts to pass on his knowledge of diving (finding water using a tree branch) to his son. The son has the gift, but is more interested in words and schooling. The son does not conform to his father’s wishes.

1. Identify one important skill or lesson you have been taught by an adult.

2. Read the introduction on P. 94, discuss the meaning of the pull quote, and what the sentence following it might mean. What gift do you think would be impossible to preserve?

3. Describe the relationship the narrator has with his father. Use a chart to show how the narrator and his father are similar, but also different.

How are they similar?

Father Son


How are they different?

Father Son

3. What point do you think the author, Roch Carrier, is making about the connections between fathers and sons?

4. Find at least three pieces of evidence to suggest that the narrator regrets that he has lost the secret his father gave him. Now find three details that suggest the narrator is happy with the decision he made about becoming a writer.

Narrators Regrets his decision Narrator is Happy with his decision


Short Story “The Pose” by Anwer Khan P. 981. Though the exact setting of “THE POSE” is never mentioned, there are some references

within the story that can help readers make an educated guess. Where and when do you think the story might take place?

2. What does the protagonist seem to gain from her impulsive decision to pose in the store window? Speculate on why she might have those reactions.

3. Why did the author choose to have the young woman remain nameless in the story?

4. How does this story relate to the motif of conformity?

5. Find two quotes in the story that support your theme?


6. Write a thematic statement about the short story “The Pose”. Make reference to the motif of conformity.


LORD OF THE FLIESChapter 1 Vocabulary

Write a one or two word definition for each of the following vocabulary words as they are used in the context of the novel.

a. multitude b. logementsc. foliaged. prominent e. motiff. efflorescenceg. effulgenceh. decorousi. conchj. fulcrumk. embossedl. intricaciesm. flukingn. digito. stupendousp. gorgingq. eccentricr. precentors. furtivet. pallidlyu. mortificationv. suffusionw. defilex. savory. contemptuousz. hiatus


Chapter 1 Questions:1. How did the boys reach a deserted island?

2. How did Ralph’s and Piggy’s reactions to the island differ?

3. What pleased Ralph most about the conditions on the island?

4. What did Piggy’s references to his “Auntie” reveal about his character?

5. Why did Ralph blow the conch shell?


6. What was the source of the threatening image of a “black bat-like creature” that appeared on the beach as Ralph blew the conch?

7. What was the source of the threatening image of “something dark . . . fumbling along”that appeared on the beach?

8. Why was Ralph elected leader?

9. Why did Ralph lead an exposition of three to investigate the land?

10. How did the northern side of the island compare to the southern side?


Literary Device:I. Simile—A simile is a figure of speech in which two unlike objects are compared using the words “like” or “as.” For example:. . . spots of blurred sunlight slid over their bodies or moved like bright, winged things in the shade.What is being compared?


LORD OF THE FLIESChapter 2 Questions:1. How did the contrast between Jack’s and Ralph’s personalities reveal itself at the meeting?

2. In what ways did Piggy show himself to be more of a realist than any of the other boys?

3. Why did Piggy hand Ralph the conch shell at the meeting?

4. Why did all of the young children express fear at the meeting?


5. Why did Ralph want to light a fire on the mountain?

6. How did most of the boys react when their fire went out of control? What was Piggy’s response?

7. Why did Piggy scold Ralph and Jack?


Literary Element: CharacterizationConsider the good and bad qualities of the following characters. Use the chart below to record your answers.

Characters Good Bad

Ralph

Jack

Piggy

Literary Device: II. Simile—What is being compared in the following simile?The flames, as though they were a kind of wild life, crept as a jaguar creeps on its belly toward a line of birch-like saplings that fledged an outcrop of the pink rock.

II. Symbolism—A symbol in literature is an object, a person, or an event that represents an idea or a set of ideas. What do you think the conch shell symbolizes here at the beginning of the novel?


Chapter 1 and 2 (Lord of the Flies) Symbolism Objective: Recognizing important symbols in the story

ActivityTwo important symbols are introduced early in this novel: the conch shell and Piggy’s glasses. In the Symbolism in Chapters 1 and 2 pages that follow, find the quotations from the text which mention these items, and then write a statement discussing what abstract idea, symbol, or concept you believe each represents. Add to the chart when you encounter other instances of symbolism that refer to Piggy, his glasses, or the conch.

SYMBOLISM IN CHAPTERS 1 AND 2

The Conch Shell“S’right. It’s a shell! I seen one like that before. On someone’s back wall. A conch he called it. He used toblow it and then his mum could come. It’s ever so valuable—”

Ralph grasped the idea and hit the shell with air from his diaphragm. Immediately the thing sounded. Adeep, harsh note boomed under the palms, spread through intricacies of the forest, and echoed back from thepink granite of the mountain. Clouds of birds rose from the treetops, and something squealed and ran in theundergrowth.

The conch was silent, a gleaming tusk; Ralph’s face was dark with breathlessness and the air over theisland was full of bird-clamor and echoes ringing.

“I bet you can hear that for miles.”

Ralph found his breath and blew a series of short blasts.

Piggy exclaimed: “There’s one!”

A child had appeared among the palms, about a hundred yards along the beach.But there was a stillness about Ralph as he sat that marked him out: there was his size, and attractiveappearance; and most obscurely, yet most powerfully, there was the conch. The being that had blown that, hadsat waiting for them on the platform with the delicate thing balanced on his knees, was set apart.

“That’s what this shell’s called. I’ll give the conch to the next person to speak. He can hold it when he’sspeaking.”

Statement of what the conch shell represents in the story: ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________


___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

SYMBOLISM IN CHAPTERS 1 AND 2 (CONT.)

Piggy's Glasses“That’s right. Can’t catch my breath. I was the only boy in our school what had asthma,” said the fat boywith a touch of pride. “And I’ve been wearing specs since I was three.”

Piggy took off his glasses and blinked at the assembly while he wiped them on his shirt.

“You’re hindering Ralph. You’re not letting him get to the most important thing.”He paused effectively.

“Who knows we’re here? Eh?”

“They knew at the airport.”

“The man with a trumpet-thing—”

“My dad.”

Piggy put on his glasses.

“Nobody knows where we are,” said Piggy. He was paler than before and breathless. “Perhaps they knewwhere we was going to; and perhaps not. But they don’t know where we are ’cos we never got there.”

Jack pointed suddenly.

“His specs—use them as burning glasses!”

Piggy was surrounded before he could back away.

“Here—let me go!” His voice rose to a shriek of terror as Jack snatched the glasses off his face. “Mind out!Give ’em back! I can hardly see! You’ll break the conch!”

Statement of what Piggy’s glasses represent in the story: __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________


_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

LORD OF THE FLIESChapter 3 Vocabulary


a. festooned

b. inscrutable

c. vicissitudes

d. declivities

Questions:1. What words and phrases at the beginning of Chapter Three pointed up Jack’s animal like appearance and actions?

2. How skilful was Jack on his first hunting expedition?


3. Why is Ralph frustrated in his attempts to have the boys build shelters?

4. Why was Ralph more concerned about being rescued than Jack?

5. At first, Jack and Ralph were friendly. Now it is noted that their “antagonism was audible.” What was pulling them apart?

6. Why did the littluns follow Simon?

7. Why had Simon come to the forest? In what ways were his feelings about the forest different from those of the others?


Lord of the Flies: Chapter 4Vocabulary


a. whelming

b. opalescence

c. detritus

d. myriad

e. incursion

f. swarthiness

g. tacitly

h. dispersing

i. malevolently

Questions:1. Why was night more difficult than day for the boys marooned on the island?

2. In what way did Roger’s actions against Henry indicate that he still retained some ties to his civilized past?


3. How did Jack free himself from shame and guilt that came from his need to hunt and kill?

4. How did the boys’ general appearance suggest that they were no longer English schoolboys, but were part of a more primitive order?

5. Why was Piggy always an outsider to Ralph, Jack, Maurice, and most of the other older boys?

6. Why didn’t Jack apologize at first for letting the fire go out?


Literary Devices:I. Symbolism—What do you think Piggy’s spectacles and their partial destruction symbolize?What do you think the slaughter of the pig symbolized?__________________Simile—What is being compared in the following simile?. . . and there the sun gazed down like an angry eye.

Lord of the Flies by William GoldingChapters 1 – 4 (Symbolism: The Ship as a Symbol)

Some critics believe that in Lord of the Flies, the ship is an important symbol. Read the following quotations from Chapter 4, which mention the ship and then note on “The Ship as a Symbol Chart” how the character(s) involved feels about the ship. The first one is done for you as an example.

At the bottom of the chart, write a sentence stating what abstract idea or concept you believe the departing ship represents for the boys.

The Ship as a Symbol Chart:Passage From the Text How the character feels/what

the symbol impliesRalph continued to watch the ship, ravenously. Color was coming back into his face. Simon stood by him, silent.

Ralph: stunned, craving

Simon: shock

“You tell me,” said Piggy anxiously. “Is there a signal?”Ralph looked back at the dispersing smoke in the horizon,then up at the mountain.”

Piggy:

Ralph:

Ralph ran stumbling along the rocks; saved himself on the edge of the pink, cliff, and screamed at the ship. “Come back! Come back!” He ran backwards and forwards along the cliff, his face always to the sea, and his voice rose insanely. “Come back! Come back!”

Ralph:

The hunters were more silent now, but at this [blood] they buzzed again. Ralph flung back his hair. One arm pointed at the empty horizon. His voice was loud and savage, and struck them into silence. “There was a ship.” Jack, faced at once with too many awful implications, ducked away from them.

Ralph:

Jack:

Ralph brought his arm down, fist clenched, and his voice Ralph:


shook. “There was a ship. Out there. You said you’d keepthe fire going and you let it out!” He took a step towardJack, who turned and faced him. “They might have seen us.We might have gone home—” This was too bitter for Piggy,who forgot his, timidity in the agony of his loss. He beganto cry out, shrilly: “You and your blood, Jack Merridew! Youand your hunting! We might have gone home—”

Piggy:

“There was a ship—” One of the smaller hunters began towail. The dismal truth was filtering through to everybody.Jack went very red as he hacked and pulled at the pig. “Thejob was too much. We needed everyone.”Hunters:

Jack:

The ship represents: ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Chapters 1 – 4

Symbolism

Some critics do not see the ship in this way, but instead they believe the fire is the main symbol for theboys’ connection to civilization. Prepare a chart, similar to the one on the ship as a symbol.

Note at least three passages from the chapter referring to the signal fire. The first entry is done for you. At the bottom of the chart, state your opinion as to the importance of the ship and the fire to the story.

Passage From the Text How the character feels/what the symbol implies

Ralph reached inside himself for the worst word he knew.“They let the bloody fire go out.”

Ralph: anger

…a tiny flame appeared. The flame, nearly invisible at firstin that bright sunlight, enveloped a small twig, grew, wasenriched with color and reached up to a branch whichexploded with a sharp crack. The flame flapped higher andthe boys broke into a cheer.

The Boys:

The flames, as though they were a kind of wild life, The Flames:


crept as ajaguar creeps on its belly toward a line of birch-like saplingsthat fledged an outcrop of the pink rock. They flapped at thefirst of the trees, and the branches grew a brief foliage of fire.The heart of flame leapt nimbly across the gap between thetrees and then went swinging and flaring along the whole rowof them. Beneath the capering boys a quarter of a mile squareof forest was savage with smoke and flame.

Piggy stood up and pointed to the smoke and flames…. Thecrowd was as silent as death. “Him that talked about snakes.He was down there—” A tree exploded in the fire like abomb. Tall swathes of creepers rose for a moment into view,agonized, and went down again. The little boys screamed atthem. “Snakes! Snakes! Look at the snakes!”

Piggy:

The Actual Fire:

The fire was dead. They saw that straightaway…The Fire Symbolically:

Before these fantastically attractive flowers of violet and redand yellow, unkindness melted away. They became a circle ofboys round a camp fire and even Piggy and Ralph were halfdrawnin.

The Fire:

Statement of Opinion: __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

LORD OF THE FLIES: CHAPTER 5Vocabulary


a. lamentably

b. lavatory

c. indigo

d. tempestuously


e. mimicry

f. discursive

g. inarticulate

Questions1. Why did Ralph now think about his first days on the island as “part of a brighter childhood”?

2. Why did Ralph compare himself to Piggy as he prepared for the assembly?

3. How did Ralph in his opening speech hope to motivate the boys to change their behaviour? Why wasn’t this strategy successful?

4. What was the difference between the way that Jack and Piggy each addressed the fears of the littluns?


5. How was the vote about ghosts a mockery of Ralph and the kind of government he represented?

6. Why did Ralph’s assembly fall into disarray?

7. Why didn’t Ralph stop the meeting from breaking up?

8. Why did Simon and Piggy each want Ralph to continue his rule as chief?

Literary Device: IronyIrony refers to a statement whose meaning is the opposite of that which is expressed. What is ironic about the following remarks that Piggy made to Ralph and Simon, particularly in light of their situation on the island?Grownups know things . . . . They ain’t afraid of the dark. They’d meet and have tea and discuss. Then things ‘ud be all right . . .


Lord of the Flies: Chapter 6Vocabulary


a. bastions

b. polyp

c. leviathan

d. plinth

e. guano

f. obscuring

g. clamour

Questions:1. How did the boys’ fears become a self-fulfilling prophecy?

2. Why did the balance of power between Ralph and Jack shift after Sam and Eric spotted “the beast”?

3. Why was Jack impressed with the site of the rocky ledge?


4. Why did Ralph choose to go to the rocky ledge before going to the mountain where the “beast” was sighted?

Lord of the Flies (Ch 5 and 6)

Symbolism and Characterization

Objectives: Interpreting the thoughts and feelings of the characters. Recognizing “the beast” as a symbol in the story

Activity

1. Early in the story, the littluns are worried about a “snake thing.” The older boys try to calm thesefears by telling them that there are no beasts on the island. In Chapter 5, after living without adultsfor some time, the boys again discuss “the beastie.”

Complete the following chart by noting how each character truly feels about the fear the boys have of the “beastie.” Include a short passage from the text or summarize an incident to support your answer. “Jack” is done for you as an example.


2. In Chapter 6, the twins, Samneric, see what they believe to be “the beastie.” It is a pilot whose parachutecarries his body up the mountain, but to the twins, it is a terrible beast. Ralph and the others discountthe tales of “the beastie” when the littluns tell them, but they believe Samneric. On the following page,note how each character reacts to the news of the beastie, the action he takes, and whether his attitude/fear has changed since Chapter 5.

Reaction to the Beastie Chart

Samneric LittlunsHow they react: How they react:

Actions they take: Actions they take:

Change in attitude: Change in attitude:

RalphHow they react:


Actions they take:

Change in attitude:

Piggy JackHow they react: How they react:

He is excited.

Actions they take: Actions they take:

He wants to hunt the beast. Ralph must calm him down.

Change in attitude: Change in attitude:

He does not seem frightened, but more possessed with the idea of hunting.

SimonHow they react:

Actions they take:

Change in attitude:

Poster:

Some critics believe that the beast is one of the most important symbols in the novel, representingMankind’s inner instinct for savagery. As the boys shed the constraints of civilization to become more and more animalistic, their belief in the beast grows stronger.

Create a poster showing the “beastie” from the perspective of one of the following characters. Include a quotation on the poster, relating to the character you have selected, which seems to sum up the character’s feelings about the beast.

Characters:

• Ralph• Piggy• Simon• Jack


• the littluns• Samneric

LORD OF THE FLIES: Chapter 7 Vocabulary


a. covertb. obtuseness c. loiterd. moorse. flounderf. impervious

Questions:


1. What did the boys’ chant, “Kill the pig! Cut his throat!” reveal about their changing goals and character?

2. What evidence showed that the boys were becoming increasingly barbaric?

3. Why was Simon willing to go through the forest alone?

4. Why did Ralph agree to go up the mountain with Jack after dark?

5. What did the boys think they saw in the dark? Why did they flee in terror?


Literary Devices:I. Cliffhanger—Acliffhanger in literature is a device borrowed from silent, serialized films in which an episode ends at a moment of suspense or tension. In a book, a cliffhanger is usually placed at the end of a chapter to encourage the reader to continue reading. What is the cliffhanger at the end of Chapter Seven?

II. Point of View—Point of view in literature refers to the voice telling the story. It could be the author as narrator (first person) or one of the characters in the story (third person). Why do you think the author chose to tell this story from a third person point of view?

Chapter 8: Background Information: Beelzebub“Lord of the Flies” is an almost literal transliteration of the Hebrew “Beelzebub,” a biblical demon, sometimes referred to as the devil. This demonic figure had command over disease as flies congregate around the corpses of the dead and spread disease from the dead to the living.Vocabulary



a. menaceb. derisivec. fervourd. dementede. paunchedf. illusiveg. demoniac

Questions:1. Why did Jack leave the assembly in tears and run away into the forest alone?

2. Why did Piggy decide that a fire should be built near the bathing pool rather than on the mountain?

3. When did it become clear to Ralph that the boys on the island had definitely split into two separate camps? Who were the members of each group? What were the values of each?

4. Why did Jack and his followers save the sow’s head?


5. Who recognized the Sow’s head as the “Lord of the Flies”? What profound knowledge did he receive as he hallucinated in the presence of the head?

6. Why was Ralph concerned about keeping a fire? Why do you think Jack and his followers did not care about keeping their own fire?

7. What advantage did Jack gain over Ralph because of the paint on his face?

Lord of the Flies: Chapter 9/10Vocabulary


a. corpulentb. parodyc. bourdond. succulent


e. saunteredf. phosphorescence

Questions:1. When he regained consciousness after his fit, what knowledge did Simon feel compelled to reveal to the boys? Why did he feel this was critical to them?

2. How did Jack and his followers respond to the rain? What was Ralph’s concern? What more did this reveal about the difference between Jack and Ralph?

3. Why was Ralph particularly frightened by Simon’s death? Why did all of the boys except Ralph push the knowledge of Simon’s death out of their conscious memory?

4. Why did Ralph fear that his tribe could not survive?

5. What caused Roger to contemplate “the possibilities of irresponsible authority”?


6. Why was Jack still defending his stronghold against the beast?

7. Why did Jack and two of his tribe attack Ralph’s encampment? Why were they successful?

Literary Devices:I. Personification—What is being personified in the following passage?Power lay in the brown swell of his [Jack’s] forearms: authority sat on his shoulder and chattered in his ear like an ape.

Pathetic fallacy… It's when a writer uses elements of the natural world (weather, nature, animals, and so on) to reflect what happens in the book.


• After Simon's death, as the storm clears, there's an unusual section at the end of the chapter in which the weather clears and nature seems to almost reabsorb Simon.

• “Towards midnight the rain ceased and the clouds drifted away, so that the sky was scattered once more with the incredible lamps of stars”

Lord of the Flies: Contrast and Mood (Chapter 7)

Goal: Recognizing the literary technique of switching moods to emphasize theme

Activity

Sometimes an author will place incidents with contrasting moods next to, or very close to, each other so that the mood of each is enhanced by the contrast; this is a form of juxtaposition. For example, in this chapter, read Ralph’s reminiscences about his life in England before the boys crashed on the island. Note two descriptive images Golding uses to convey a mood of peace.

• Image #1: “Just behind the cottage there was a sort of shed and you could lie up there, watching the flakes swirl past.”

• Image #2: “And the books—they stood on the shelf by the bed, leaning together with always two or three laid flat on top because he had not bothered to put them back properly.”

The top of the next page, though, begins as follows:The bushes crashed ahead of them. Boys flung themselves wildly from the pig track and scrabbled in thecreepers, screaming. Ralph saw Jack nudged aside and fall. Then there was a creature bounding along thepig track toward him, with tusks gleaming and an intimidating grunt. Ralph found he was able to measurethe distance coldly and take aim. With the boar only five yards away, he flung the foolish wooden stick thathe carried, saw it hit the great snout and hang there for a moment. The boar’s note changed to a squeal andit swerved aside into the covert. The pig-run filled with shouting boys again, Jack came running back, andpoked about in the undergrowth.

1. What mood does this paragraph convey?


Lord of the Flies: characterization, theme, and allegory (chapter 7-9)

Objective: Interpreting the actions of the characters and how these actions help to advance themeActivity: In these chapters, two separate governments are established on the island: a militaristic government with Jack as Chief and a democracy with Ralph as Chief. With this idea in mind, complete the chart on the next page, noting the differences between the two governments on the island. (The first one is done for you as an example)

Questions Democracy (Ralph) Military Dictatorship (Jack)What benefits does each government offer its constituents?

•Possibility of rescue• Shelters• Rules, structure, order• Respect for the individual

• Food without responsibility• Fun of the hunt• Protection from the beast• Anonymity of the group

What is the symbol of power for each government?

Both governments participate inSimon’s death; in what way do their attitudes about this act differ?

In what way is each government weak?

Which group is stronger?


Lord of the Flies: chapters 8 and 9 “Significance of the Title”

Objectives: Identifying symbols in a novel’s title Inferring the possible thematic significance of a novel’s title Recognizing a recurring religious motif in the story

Activity1. The title of a novel is frequently an allusion. Understanding the context of the

allusion can tell the reader much about the thematic thrust of the book. For example, the title of William Faulkner’s novel, The Sound and the Fury, is an allusion to the following lines in Macbeth:

[Life] is a taleTold by an idiot, full of sound and fury,Signifying nothing.

Knowing this context, what might a theme of Faulkner’s novel be?______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. In this chapter, Simon has a conversation with the pig’s head, called by Golding “The Lord of the Flies,” which says to Simon:

“Fancy thinking the Beast was something you could hunt and kill!’ said the head. For a moment or two theforest and all the other dimly appreciated places echoed with the parody of laughter. “You knew, didn’t you?I’m part of you? Close, close, close! I’m the reasons why it’s no go? Why things are what they are?”The phrase, “The Lord of the Flies,” is a Biblical allusion referring to Satan. Knowing this context, what would you suppose another theme of Golding’s novel might be?

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Lord of the Flies: S ymbolism Symbolism ExampleSymbols are literal (tangible) things in a story—people, places, objects, events, etc.—that represent “larger” abstract (intangible), seemingly unrelated ideas. These symbols help the reader make connections between the surface story and important deeper levels of meaning.

There are UNIVERSAL SYMBOLS that most people know. -White doves represent purity. -Red roses represent love and romance.

Now, try to identify what you think the following might symbolize by filling in the chart on this page. And remember, there are no “correct” answers, only logical, intelligent theories supported by evidence from the story itself. (The first one is done for you as an example)


Symbol Quotation Literal/Figurative

The Conch

Quotation : “He (Ralph) could see a whiteness in the gloom near him so he grabbed it from Maurice and blew as loudly as he could. The assembly was shocked into silence” p 95

Literal:A colored spiral shell that makes a loud noise when one blows into it. The boys use it to call the other boys for meetings.Figurative:The conch shell becomes a powerful symbol of civilization and order in the novel. The shell effectively governs the boys’ meetings, for the boy who holds the shell holds the right to speak. In this regard, the shell is more than a symbol—it is an actual vessel of political legitimacy and democratic power.

Piggy’s Glasses: draw a Picture:

Quotation: Literal:

Figurative:

The Ship: draw a Picture:

Quotation: Literal:

Figurative:


The Fire: draw a Picture:

Quotation: Literal:

Figurative:

Sand Castles: draw a picture

Quotation: Literal:

Figurative:

The Pig: draw a picture

Quotation: Literal:

Figurative:


The Pig Hunt: draw a picture

Quotation: Literal:

Figurative:

The parachute man: draw a picture

Quotation: Literal:

Figurative:

LORD OF THE FLIES: Chapter 11 Vocabulary


a. hither and thitherb. snivellingc. devastatedd. propitiatinge. vitalityf. pinnacleg. cessationh. ineffectuali. ferocityj. wielding


Questions:1. Compare this time when Ralph blew the conch to call an assembly with the first time he called an assembly on the island.

2. Why did Piggy want to take the conch with him when he visited Jack’s encampment?

3. Why did Piggy think he might be successful when he asked for his glasses back from Jack? How did this show another way that Piggy lacked vision?

4. Why did Ralph visit Jack and his boys on their side of the island? How did he get sidetracked from his original purpose?


Literary Devices:I. Symbolism—What did the breaking of the conch and Piggy’s death symbolize?

Lord of the Flies: chapters 9 – 11Plot and Theme

Objective: Recognizing significant plot incidents that help to define theme

Activity I

In Chapter 9, Ralph loses his leadership of the group to Jack. The boys’ descent into savagery accelerates in Chapters 9, 10, and 11. Complete the Diagram of Savagery Chart on the next page, noting instances from the story that supporting each topic on the diagram. To get you started, the first incident is done for you as an example. At the bottom of the Diagram of Savagery, write the themes these incidents support.


DIAGRAM OF SAVAGERY CHART

Jack as ChiefAbuses of his power Visual signs of his authority

Winfred is tied up and beaten. The boys answer his commands with the phrase, “The Chief has spoken.”

Progression of Roger’s Savagery in Chapter 11

Simons Death

Supporting Theme: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Lord of the Flies Chapters 9 – 11Plot and Theme (cont.)

Objective: Recognizing significant plot incidents that help to define theme


Activity II

Ralph is left with only Piggy and Samneric after Simon’s death. All of the other boys have sided with Jack.

In the following Diagram of Ralph’s Responses, note the way Ralph responds to each of the described incidents. To get you started, the first incident is done for you as an example.At the bottom of the Diagram of Ralph’s Responses, note the themes these incidents support.

DIAGRAM OF RALPH’S RESPONSES

1. Ralph first realizes in Chapter 9 that the boys have gone to Jack’s feast.He decides to join, supposedly to see that “nothing happens.”

2. Jack gives Ralph and Piggy food, and then asks “Who’s going to join my tribe?”

3. The boys hear thunder indicating an approaching storm.

4. In response to the thunder, Jack encourages the boys to “Do our dance!”

5. Ralph admits to Piggy that they willingly participated in Simon’s death.

6. Eric tells Ralph he is too tired to keep the fire going.

7. Piggy awakens Ralph when he hears noises and assumes that the beast is outside the shelter.

8. Jack’s hunters raid the shelters.

Supporting Theme: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Lord of the Flies: Ch. 12Vocabulary


a. tendrilsb. impenetrablec. elaborated. ravenouslye. ululationf. obscurityg. epaulettes


Questions:1. Why hadn’t Jack and his boys pursued Ralph?

2. When did Ralph know it was hopeless to think he could ever win back the boys, or even start a small outlaw band?

3. Why did Ralph lash out at the pig’s skull when he encountered it in the forest?

4. What did Sam and Eric mean when they answered Ralph’s questions by saying, “Roger sharpened a stick at both ends”?

5. In what ways did Ralph become as savage as Jack and his followers?

6. Why did Ralph now condemn the fire that Jack’s boys set on the island?


7. Why was the British officer puzzled by the condition of the boys he found on the island?

8. Why did Ralph sob as he and the remaining boys were being rescued?

Literary Devices:I. Deus ex Machina—A deus ex machina is any improbable device used to resolve the difficulties of a plot. In Greek drama, it was the intervention of a god who resolved the entanglements of the play. The literal meaning is “god from a machine,” referring to the stage apparatus from which the actor would fly into the set. How was the officer’s arrival in the last chapter of Lord of the Flies a parody of this classical device?


Collection of Quotes: Students will be collecting quotes on a daily basis as you read the novel. Complete the chart below filling in the quotes that indicate the fear that exists amongst the boys, the speaker, and the page number where you found the quote used. You MUST write the quote out. You may use the symbol … to indicate a break in the quote and leave unnecessary information out. (15 Marks)

Quotes about ‘Fear’ and the presence of a beast: Speaker

Page #:

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15.

Evidence of the changing relationship between Ralph and Jack:

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Evidence of the changing role of the conch: Page #:

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Indicators Ralph is learning about the value of his previous life:

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The problem with meetings: Page #:

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Ralph’s growing recognition about the necessary qualities of a leader:

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