M Sarwar Jahan

M Sarwar Jahan M Sarwar Jahan Pulp and Paper Research Division, BCSIR Pulp and Paper Research Division, BCSIR Laboratories, Dhaka, Dr. Qudrat-I-Khuda Laboratories, Dhaka, Dr. Qudrat-I-Khuda

Road, Dhaka-1205, BangladeshRoad, Dhaka-1205, Bangladesh

Evaluation of Cooking Processes Evaluation of Cooking Processes for for Trema orientalisTrema orientalis (Nalita) Pulping (Nalita) Pulping

IUFRO ALL Division 5 Conference : Pulp and Paper B

Lay-out of the presentationLay-out of the presentation

IntroductionIntroduction

Pulping of Pulping of T. orientalisT. orientalis in different processes in different processes

Pre-bleaching of Pre-bleaching of T. orientalisT. orientalis pulp in different pulp in different

processesprocesses

ECF and TCF bleachingECF and TCF bleaching

ConclusionsConclusions

Present scenario of Pulp and Paper Mill in Present scenario of Pulp and Paper Mill in Bangladesh Bangladesh

Raw materialsRaw materials

Kharnaphuli Pulp and Paper Mills(KPM)Kharnaphuli Pulp and Paper Mills(KPM)

Kharnaphuli Rayon MillKharnaphuli Rayon Mill

Sylhet Pulp and Paper Mills (SPPM)Sylhet Pulp and Paper Mills (SPPM)

North-Bengal Pulp and Paper MillsNorth-Bengal Pulp and Paper Mills

Khulna Newsprient MillsKhulna Newsprient Mills

Gmelina arborea Gmelina arborea

BambooBamboo

Albizzia Moluccana Albizzia Moluccana ReedsReeds

BagasseBagasse

Gewa (Gewa (Excoecaria Excoecaria agallochaagallocha))

}}

26 paper mills based on recycled and imported pulp26 paper mills based on recycled and imported pulp

IntroductionIntroduction

Allocated Forestland for KPM: 51,000 haAllocated Forestland for KPM: 51,000 ha

Allocated Forestland for SPPM: 24,000 haAllocated Forestland for SPPM: 24,000 ha

Forestland in Bangladesh: 10.2 %Forestland in Bangladesh: 10.2 %

Population density: 1079/ KmPopulation density: 1079/ Km22

It is almost impossible to increase forestland for industry. So we have to It is almost impossible to increase forestland for industry. So we have to increase fiber yield using existing allocated forestland.increase fiber yield using existing allocated forestland.

The most potential fast growing species in The most potential fast growing species in the environment of Bangladeshthe environment of Bangladesh

Exotic species-Exotic species- RaintreeRaintree ((Samanea samanSamanea saman), ), Acacia Acacia

spp.spp., , Eucalyptus spp.Eucalyptus spp.

Native species- Native species- Gmelina arborea, Gmelina arborea,

A species named A species named Trema orientalisTrema orientalis has has been found which has faster growth than been found which has faster growth than any other species in Bangladeshany other species in Bangladesh

Trema orientalisTrema orientalis garden garden

Cross section three years old Cross section three years old Nalita stemNalita stem

α-cellulose α-cellulose %%

pentosanpentosan

%%

LigninLignin

%%

Fiber lengthFiber length

mmmm

48-5048-50 22-2322-23 20-2420-24 0.830.83

Chemical and morphological properties of Chemical and morphological properties of trema orientalistrema orientalis

Trema orientalisTrema orientalis can substitute of short length fibrous raw can substitute of short length fibrous raw material in pulp mill, which is needed for printing quality material in pulp mill, which is needed for printing quality paperpaper

GoalGoal

Increased fiber yield for pulpingIncreased fiber yield for pulping Increased pulp yieldIncreased pulp yieldBetter bleachingBetter bleaching

Cooking processCooking processSodaSodaSoda-anthraquinone (AQ)Soda-anthraquinone (AQ)KraftKraftAlkaline-sulfite-AQ-MeOH (ASAM)Alkaline-sulfite-AQ-MeOH (ASAM)Formic acidFormic acidAcetic acidAcetic acid

PulpingPulping

SodaSoda Soda-Soda-AQAQ

KraftKraft ASAMASAM Acetic Acetic acidacid

Formic Formic acidacid

AA, % as NaAA, % as Na22OO

AQ, %AQ, %Sulphidity, %Sulphidity, %Methanol. % (v/v)Methanol. % (v/v)NaNa

22SOSO33: NaOH: NaOH

Acetic acid, %Acetic acid, %Formic acid, %Formic acid, %Material : Liquor ratioMaterial : Liquor ratioTemperature, Temperature, ooCCTime at max temp., minTime at max temp., min

1717------------

1:4.51:4.5170170120120

17170.10.1----------

1:4.51:4.5170170120120

1717--

3030--------

1:4.51:4.5170170120120

17170.10.1--

202080:2080:20

----

1:4.51:4.5180180120120

----------

90*90*--

1:101:10107107120120

------------

90901:101:10107107120120

Cooking conditions of different Cooking conditions of different pulping processespulping processes

*0.2% HCl*0.2% HCl

SodaSoda Soda-Soda-AQAQ

KraftKraft ASAMASAM Acetic Acetic acidacid

Formic Formic acidacid

Screened yield, %Screened yield, %Reject, %Reject, %Total yield, %Total yield, %Kappa numberKappa numberViscosity, mPa.sViscosity, mPa.s

44.844.80.20.2

45.045.020.820.815.515.5

45.945.90.20.2

46.146.118.418.416.616.6

45.345.30.20.2

45.545.510.810.813.413.4

51.751.71.11.1

52.852.813.413.430.430.4

56.056.000

56.056.039.139.121.821.8

55.955.900

55.955.934.134.115.715.7

Results of Results of Trema orientalisTrema orientalis pulping pulping in different processes in different processes

Comparison of pulping processes Comparison of pulping processes relative to soda processrelative to soda process

1.1

-2.4

1.10.5

-10

-2.1

7.8

-7.4

14.9

11

13.3

0.2

10.9

18.3

6.3

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

20

Yield Kappa number Viscosity

Pro

pert

ies

rela

tive

to s

oda

proc

ess

Soda-AQKraftASAMFormic acidAcetic acid

In papermaking, it is common practice to In papermaking, it is common practice to refine/beat pulp for improving strength refine/beat pulp for improving strength properties by mechanical treatment of properties by mechanical treatment of fiber, which facilitates fiber bonding.fiber, which facilitates fiber bonding.

Evaluation of papermaking Evaluation of papermaking propertiesproperties

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000

Revolution

o SR

SodaSoda-AQKraftASAM

Beatability of different pulps of Beatability of different pulps of T. orientalisT. orientalis

SR number Vs tensile of SR number Vs tensile of trema trema orientalisorientalis pulp pulp

10

20

30

40

50

60

0 20 40 60 80SR number

Ten

sile

inde

x. N

.m/g

SodaSoda-AQKraftASAM

SR number vs burst of SR number vs burst of trema trema orientalisorientalis pulp pulp

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

0 20 40 60 80

SR value

Bu

rst

ind

ex, k

Pa.

m2 /g

SodaSoda-AQKraftASAM

SR number vs tear of SR number vs tear of trema trema orientalisorientalis pulp pulp

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

15 30 45 60 75

SR number

Tea

r in

dex

, mN

.m2 /g

SodaSoda-AQKraftASAM

SR number SR number vsvs double fold no. of double fold no. of Trema Trema orientalisorientalis pulps pulps

1

10

100

1000

10000

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70

SR value

Dou

ble f

old

num

ber

Soda

Soda-AQ

Kraft

ASAM

OxygenOxygenXylanaseXylanasePeroxyacidPeroxyacid

PrebleachingPrebleaching

14.8 14.8

21.2

8.410.410.1

7.7

2

43.7

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

Kappa drop, % Viscosity drop,%

Brightnessgain, %

O

PFA

X

Effect of prebleaching in soda pulpEffect of prebleaching in soda pulp

O-oxygen, PFA-Peroxyformic acid, X-Xylanase

40.8

47

12.615.8

39.8

1

23.7

35.5

47.8

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Kappa drop, % Viscosity drop,%

Brightnessgain, %

O

PFA

X

Effect of prebleaching in soda-AQ pulpEffect of prebleaching in soda-AQ pulp

40.7

9.7

15.5

24.1

17.2

2.7

28.4

13.4

45.4

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

Kappa drop, % Viscosity drop,%

Brightnessgain, %

O

PFA

X

Effect of prebleaching in kraft pulpEffect of prebleaching in kraft pulp

50

34.9

15.714.2

43.4

0.2

10.2

33.2

53

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Kappa drop, % Viscosity drop,%

Brightnessgain, %

O

PFA

X

Effect of prebleaching in ASAM pulpEffect of prebleaching in ASAM pulp

DEDDEDQPPQPP

BleachingBleaching

PulpPulp ooSRSR TT TITI BIBI DFNDFN DD OO BB VV

Soda Soda DEDDED

QPPQPPSoda-AQ Soda-AQ

DED DED QPPQPP

Kraft Kraft DED DED QPPQPP

ASAM ASAM DED DED QPPQPP

42424141

42424141

41414343

41414343

37.737.738.538.5

42.242.239.139.1

31.731.734.434.4

48.548.542.542.5

6.66.65.85.8

8.48.48.58.5

7.97.98.88.8

10.610.610.510.5

3.13.13.23.2

3.23.23.73.7

3.03.03.13.1

4.94.94.34.3

114114128128

111111252252

4242175175

698698674674

0.5120.5120.5190.519

0.5640.5640.5490.549

0.5470.5470.5700.570

0.5340.5340.5780.578

87.687.687.987.9

87.487.486.686.6

88.188.186.786.7

88.888.883.783.7

79.879.874.674.6

76.076.073.273.2

80.980.977.377.3

86.186.179.179.1

10.110.110.610.6

12.412.411.911.9

10.610.610.310.3

13.113.113.413.4

T- T- Tensile index, N.m/g, TI-Tear index, mN.m2/g, BI- Burst index, kPa.m2/g DFN-Double fold number, D- Density, g/cc V-Viscosity, mPa.s, B- Brightness, %, O-Opacity, %

DED and QPP bleaching of oxygen DED and QPP bleaching of oxygen delignified different delignified different Trema orientalisTrema orientalis pulps pulps

PulpPulp ooSRSR TT TITI BIBI DFNDFN DD OO BB VV

SodaSodaSoda-AQSoda-AQKraftKraftASAMASAM

3232363642423737

37.737.740.240.239.739.747.447.4

6.36.38.68.67.97.9

10.710.7

3.33.33.53.52.82.84.84.8

8282130130105105

12501250

0.5020.5020.5490.5490.6020.6020.5870.587

86.886.887.387.386.986.986.786.7

80.180.176.676.682.982.988.688.6

10.810.811.911.911.111.115.815.8

T- T- Tensile index, N.m/g, TI-Tear index, mN.m2/g, BI- Burst index, kPa.m2/g DFN-Double fold number, D- Density, g/cc V-Viscosity, mPa.s, B- Brightness, %, O-Opacity, %

DED bleaching of xylanase treated DED bleaching of xylanase treated different different Trema orientalisTrema orientalis pulps pulps

68

70

72

74

76

78

80

82

84

86

88

90

Soda Soda-AQ Kraft ASAM

Oxygen

Xylanase

Comparison of DED bleaching between oxygen Comparison of DED bleaching between oxygen and and xylanase xylanase delignified pulpdelignified pulp

PulpPulp ooSRSR TT TITI BIBI DFNDFN DD OO BB VV

SodaSodaSoda-AQSoda-AQKraftKraftASAMASAMFormic acidFormic acidAcetic acidAcetic acid

363635353535373745455151

35.435.438.238.238.538.541.941.919.419.427.427.4

5.15.14.74.79.99.9

10.910.96.46.44.34.3

1.61.62.02.02.12.14.04.01.91.91.01.0

111112123939

4654658866

0.5500.5500.5850.5850.5750.5750.5510.5510.4700.4700.3520.352

88.388.388.688.682.882.881.781.789.289.287.387.3

73.773.771.771.778.878.881.781.783.083.075.275.2

10.810.812.312.312.312.318.018.011.611.64.94.9

T- T- Tensile index, N.m/g, TI-Tear index, mN.m2/g, BI- Burst index, kPa.m2/g DFN-Double fold number, D- Density, g/cc V-Viscosity, mPa.s, B- Brightness, %, O-Opacity, %

QPP bleaching of peroxyformic acid treated Trema orientalis pulps

CONCLUSIONSCONCLUSIONS Trema orientalisTrema orientalis is a high biomass producing, shorter length fiber is a high biomass producing, shorter length fiber

tree for papermaking.tree for papermaking. It is a brighter in appearance thus easier to bleach.It is a brighter in appearance thus easier to bleach. The ASAM process produced pulp of higher yield, lower kappa The ASAM process produced pulp of higher yield, lower kappa

number, higher viscosity and initial brightness.number, higher viscosity and initial brightness. Prebleaching reduced kappa number by 10-50 % depending on Prebleaching reduced kappa number by 10-50 % depending on

prebleaching treatment. Oxygen prebleaching reduced the highest prebleaching treatment. Oxygen prebleaching reduced the highest kappa number. ASAM process showed the best and soda process kappa number. ASAM process showed the best and soda process showed the least results in oxygen treated DED and QPP showed the least results in oxygen treated DED and QPP bleaching.bleaching.

Enzyme prebleached pulp gave better brightness in subsequent Enzyme prebleached pulp gave better brightness in subsequent DED bleaching. ASAM process showed the best results in enzyme DED bleaching. ASAM process showed the best results in enzyme treated DED bleached pulp among the four processes.treated DED bleached pulp among the four processes.

Peroxyformic acid treated pulp responded very well in QPP Peroxyformic acid treated pulp responded very well in QPP bleaching. In this process, maximum brightness 83 % was attained bleaching. In this process, maximum brightness 83 % was attained in formic acid pulp, but strength properties were inferior.in formic acid pulp, but strength properties were inferior.

Soda-AQ pulp responded poor bleachability.Soda-AQ pulp responded poor bleachability.