M. Ion Exchange

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Ion Exchange Application in Power Plant

Mixed Bed/DemineralizationCondensate Polisher

Stator Cooler Generator

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Definition of Ion Exchange

The reversible transfer of ion between a solid and a liquidwithout change in the structure of the solid

Only dissolved ions participate in ion exchange, othercontaminants may be filtered or absorbed

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Ion Exchange Process

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Resin Resin

H+

Cation

+ Cation + H+

Water Water

Cation Resin :

Service

Regeneration

Resin Resin

OH _

+ Anion + OH _

Water Water

AnionService

Regeneration

Anion Resin :


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Ion Exchange Process

H+

+ OH H2ODemin water

(High purity water)


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Resin Type6

GEL TYPE RESIN MACROPOROUS TYPE RESIN

Physical strength depend on the percentageof Divinylbenzene (DVB).Exchange capacity higher.

Harder & stronger resin more resistant tooxidative and physical stress attack.Exchange capacity lower.


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UPS VS NON UPS RESIN7


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Summary of Ion Exchange Resin andEffectsEffect of Temperature

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Summary of Ion Exchange Resin andEffectsEffect of Oxidation

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Summary of Ion Exchange Resin andEffectsEffect of Foulants

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Nalco capability :Supply Resin

Resin Analysis (Chemical &Physical Properties)

Chemical : Resin Cleaner

Audit for Demin PlantImprovement

Chemical package for

regeneration (with value addedservice)

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Resin AnalysisResin Analys is w i l l ana lyzed :

Chemical properties - the capacity of the resin to remove ions

Physical properties - the percentage of whole, cracked andbroken resin beads

Mix - the percentage of cations and anions

Regeneration Efficiency (if applicable)

Organic Fouling (if applicable)

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Some th ings y ou m ay learn f rom a res in analys is :

Whether total replacement of the resin bed is necessary

Whether a problem is due to poor resin condition or operationalproblems

How much longer the resin should last if operating conditionsremain constant

Whether or not to "top off" the resin bed

Efficiency of the regeneration process

If the ratio of cation resin to anion resin in a mixed bed unit iscorrect


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Resin Analysis13


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Resin Analysis14


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Nalco Resin CleanerNALCLEAN 8900, its effective for removing fouling (organic &inorganic)

NALCLEAN 8940, its effective to remove scaling

NALCO RESIN RINSE 7290 E, used to remove insoluble matter fromthe surface of cation exchange resins, remove of organic matter,

such as humates, lignins, tannins and some fatty acids, removes thehydrophobic bacterial slime layer that is often the result of organiccontamination

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To separate cation and anion resin To remove broken resin To remove suspended solid

BACKWASH

Please check for resin manufacture standard for backwash.

Be careful for resin comes out from during backwash step.

Best Practices Regeneration


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Monitor highest anion resin level during backwashFreeboard

Ion Exchange Resin Bed

Sight Glass

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Monitor interface cation & anion resin during backwash

Monitor interface cation & anion resin after backwash

BACKWASH



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To recover resin performance (after exhaustion) with replacinganion & cation which absorbed by anion and cation resin with HClor H2SO4 for cation resin & NaOH for anion resin

3 type for regeneration process (based on regenerant injection mode) :

1. Co-current - countercurrent2. Co-current Co-current

3. Simultan

REGENERATION



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CO-CURRENT CO-CURRENT

NaOH

solution(4 5 %)

Deminwater (forbalancing)

Middleoutline

Drain out

Caustic Injection

Demin

water (forbalancing)

Drain out

Middleoutline

Acid Injection

HCl solution(4 5 %)



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CO-CURRENT COUNTERCURRENT

NaOH

solution(4 5 %)

Deminwater (forbalancing)

Middleoutline

Drain out

Caustic Injection

Demin

water (forbalancing)

HCl solution(4 5 %)

Middleoutline

Drain out

Acid Injection



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SIMULTAN

NaOH

solution(4 5 %)

HCl solution(4 5 %)

Middleoutline

Drain out

Caustic & Acid Injection



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SLOW RINSE

To penetrate regenerant into pore resin bead



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FAST RINSE

To remove residual regenerant from cation & anion resin (orprevent regenerant cross contaminant which can reduce cycletime of mixed bed)



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Case Study Improper Backwash26

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Case Study Fluctuation of RegenerantConcentration

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Case Study Organic & In Organic Fouling

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Thank You.

M. Ion Exchange

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