M ICRONUTRIENTS V ITAMINS M INERALS. Last Lesson Revision Carbohydrate What is the role of carbohydrate? What are 3 good sources of carbohydrate? What.

MICRONUTRIENTS

VITAMINSMINERALS

Last Lesson Revision

Carbohydrate

•What is the role of carbohydrate?

•What are 3 good sources of carbohydrate?

•What is the glycaemic index?

•What is the role of fibre?

Protein

•What is the role of protein?

•What are 3 good sources of protein?

Fats

•What is the role of fat?

•What are 3 sources of fats?

•What are the 4 categories of fats? (Which are good and bad sources)

VITAMINS There are 2 types of Vitamins

1. Fat Soluble Vitamins- Absorbed and dissolved in the body by fats

2. Water Soluble Vitamins- Dissolved in the body by water

VITAMINS

FAT Soluble Vitamins

WATER Soluble

Vitamins

VITAMIN A

VITAMIND

VITAMINE

VITAMINK

VITAMINB’s

VITAMINC

Including folate

VITAMIN D - FAT SOLUBLE VITAMIN Function:

Helps calcium and phosphorus be absorbed into the body from the intestines

Formation of hard tissue eg bones and teeth Deficiency

Osteoporosis – a common musculoskeletal condition caused by a lack of vitamin D leads to weakened bones

Rickets in children Becoming more common

Sources: 10% from diet

UV rays are fish is a egg yolksConverted to good source contain Vitamin D small amounts

Sources Some brands of milk, breakfast cereals and

orange juice are fortified with vitamin D

Minerals

Calcium Phosphorus Sodium

CALCIUM

Function Strengthening , ossifying agent for hard tissue such as

teeth and bones Involved in muscle contractions, the secretion of

hormones, enzymes and the functioning of the nervous system

Calcium needs high for young children, teenagers, menstruating women and the elderly

If individuals do not get enough calcium they are unlikely to reach peak bone mass. It is important for maintaining good bone health throughout life

Sources Diary foods Sardines Green leafy veges Fortified soy milk and breakfast cereals.

CALCIUM AND THE NHPA’S

Osteoporosis Hardens bones and assists in the prevention of

osteoporosis.

PHOSPHORUS

Works with calcium to harden bones and teeth

Calcium and phosphorus bind to form calcium phosphate which ossify hard tissue

Phosphorus is also a component of DNA It assist in the contraction of muscles and

functioning of kidneys

Sources Foods rich in protein Meat, fish, eggs, nuts, legumes

PHOSPHORUS AND THE NHPA’S

Osteoporosis Works with calcium to harden bones and assists

in the prevention of osteoporosis.

SODIUM Role in regulation of body fluids Regulates balance of fluids in cells Electrolyte – important for brain function and muscle

contraction. Most Australians get 8 – 9 times the sodium they

require. This draws fluid out of the cells which increases blood volume and contributes to hypertension

Sources Most from processed foods

Biscuits, chips Take away foods eg pizza, hot chips Processed meats Table salt

SODIUM

Excess sodium leads to hypertension ( high blood pressure)

Other effects include Heart failure Kidney problems, kidney stones Stroke and heart attack Osteoporosis

Sodium deficiency due to loss of body fluids Cramps, dizziness dehydration

SODIUM AND THE NHPA

Cardiovascular health Excess sodium accumulates in the blood. As it

retains water this increases blood volume and blood pressure. Which can contribute to hypertension.

Hypertension is a risk factor for CV disease Osteoporosis

Excess sodium can interfer with calcium absorption leading to weaker bones and osteoporosis

THE IMPORTANCE OF NUTRITION AS A RISK AND PROTECTIVE FACTOR FOR THE NHPA’S

The key to healthy food intake is balance The nutrients play an important role in

maintaining health Incorrect quantities can have a negative effect on health

CARDIO VASCULAR HEALTH

Nutrient Examples in food Function as a protective factor affect

on

Health.

Nutrient Examples in food Function as a risk factor affect on

Health.

COLORECTAL CANCER

Nutrient Examples in food Function as a protective factor affect

on

Health.

Nutrient Examples in food Function as a risk factor affect on

Health.

DIABETES MELLITUS

Nutrient Examples in food Function as a protective factor affect

on

Health.

Nutrient Examples in food Function as a risk factor affect on

Health.

OSTEOPOROSIS

Nutrient Examples in food Function as a protective factor affect

on

Health.

Nutrient Examples in food Function as a risk factor affect on

Health.

OBESITY

Nutrient Examples in food Function as a protective factor affect

on

Health.

Nutrient Examples in food Function as a risk factor affect on

Health.