1 16:10 1 l’Univeristé d’Ottawa / University of Ottawa The Anatomy and Histology of the Spleen and Lymphatic System The Anatomy and Histology The Anatomy and Histology of the Spleen and Lymphatic of the Spleen and Lymphatic System System Dr. Bruce Burns Dept of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Dr. Bruce Burns Dept of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Université d’Ottawa / University of Ottawa 16:10 2 Université d’Ottawa / University of Ottawa Université d’Ottawa / University of Ottawa Université d’Ottawa / University of Ottawa Why do we have a lymphatic system? Why do we have a lymphatic Why do we have a lymphatic system? system? q Acts as a “sponge” to resorb fluid (lymph) from the interstitial space > prevents edemaq transports foreign substances to regional lymph nodes > immuneresponseq Acts as a “sponge” to resorb fluid (lymph) from the interstitial space > prevents edemaq transports foreign substances to regional lymph nodes > immuneresponseUniversité d’Ottawa / University of Ottawa 16:10 4 Université d’Ottawa / University of Ottawa Features of the lymphatic capillary Features of the lymphatic capillary Features of the lymphatic capillary q Porous “blind ended” channels present in the interstitium of most organs (not brain) q often collapsed, very difficult to see unless injected q lined by endothelium q larger lymphatics may have valves and smooth muscle coats q Porous “blind ended” channels present in the interstitium of most organs (not brain) q often collapsed, very difficult to see unless injected q lined by endothelium q larger lymphatics may have valves and smooth muscle coats Université d’Ottawa / University of Ottawa 16:10 5 Université d’Ottawa / University of Ottawa Main thoracic/abdominal lymphatic vessels Main thoracic/abdominal Main thoracic/abdominal lymphatic vessels lymphatic vessels •Cysterna chyli in abdomen receives lymph from intestinal lymphatics - important for fat absorption •Thoracic duct carries lymph from lower limbs and abdomen, emptying into venous blood system at junction of left jugular and subclavian veins Université d’Ottawa / University of Ottawa 16:10 6 Université d’Ottawa / University of Ottawa Lymphatics of head, neck and axilla Lymphatics of head, neck and Lymphatics of head, neck and axilla axilla •Scalp drains to cervical nodes •Oral cavity/throat drains to cervical nodes •breast and arm drain to axillary nodes
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Features of the lymphatic capillaryFeatures of the lymphatic capillaryFeatures of the lymphatic capillary
q Porous “blind ended” channelspresent in the interstitium of mostorgans (not brain)
q often collapsed, very difficult to seeunless injected
q lined by endotheliumq larger lymphatics may have valves
and smooth muscle coats
q Porous “blind ended” channelspresent in the interstitium of mostorgans (not brain)
q often collapsed, very difficult to seeunless injected
q lined by endotheliumq larger lymphatics may have valves
and smooth muscle coats
Université d’Ottawa / University of Ottawa 16:105
Université d’Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Main thoracic/abdominallymphatic vesselsMain thoracic/abdominalMain thoracic/abdominallymphatic vesselslymphatic vessels
• Cysterna chyli in abdomen receiveslymph from intestinal lymphatics -important for fat absorption• Thoracic duct carries lymph from lowerlimbs and abdomen, emptying into venousblood system at junction of left jugular andsubclavian veins
Université d’Ottawa / University of Ottawa 16:106
Université d’Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Lymphatics of head, neck andaxillaLymphatics of head, neck andLymphatics of head, neck andaxillaaxilla
• Scalp drains to cervical nodes• Oral cavity/throat drains tocervical nodes• breast and arm drain toaxillary nodes
q B-cell zone (Germinal Center) – follicular dendritic cells
q T-cell zone (Paracortex) – interdigitating reticulum cells
q both present antigen in the contextof self-MHC molecules
q B-cell zone (Germinal Center) – follicular dendritic cells
q T-cell zone (Paracortex) – interdigitating reticulum cells
q both present antigen in the contextof self-MHC molecules
Université d’Ottawa / University of Ottawa 16:1015
Université d’Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Clinical importance of lymphaticdrainage and lymph node locationsClinical importance of lymphaticClinical importance of lymphaticdrainage and lymph node locationsdrainage and lymph node locationsq If blocked lymphedema develops
– occurs after some surgery/radiation onlymph nodes
q anatomy of lymphatic drainage isconsistent, metastases from organsfollow typical pattern of spread
q inflamed (tender) nodes suggestinfection in area of drainage
q If blocked lymphedema develops – occurs after some surgery/radiation on
lymph nodesq anatomy of lymphatic drainage is
consistent, metastases from organsfollow typical pattern of spread
q inflamed (tender) nodes suggest
infection in area of drainageUniversité d’Ottawa / University of Ottawa 16:10
16Université d’Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Functions of the SpleenFunctions of the SpleenFunctions of the Spleenq “organ of mystery” in antiquityq Red Pulp- filtering function
Université d’Ottawa / University of Ottawa 16:1019
Université d’Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Spleen - Gross featuresSpleen - Gross featuresSpleen - Gross features
• “normal” weight = 50-250 GMS• Splenic artery from celiac trunk,courses along length of pancreas• Splenic vein returns to IVC
Université d’Ottawa / University of Ottawa 16:1020
Université d’Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Microanatomy of the SpleenMicroanatomy of the SpleenMicroanatomy of the Spleen
Université d’Ottawa / University of Ottawa 16:1021
Université d’Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Splenic Red Pulp ArchitectureSplenic Red Pulp ArchitectureSplenic Red Pulp Architecture• Arterial blood emptiesinto splenic cords ofBillroth• blood cells must squeezethrough endothelial cellsto get back into sinuscirculation
Université d’Ottawa / University of Ottawa 16:1022
Université d’Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Histolog ic features of the SpleenHistologic features of the SpleenHistologic features of the Spleen
Red Pulp
WhitePulp
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Université d’Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Red Pulp HistologyRed Pulp HistologyRed Pulp Histology
CordsSinus
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