Page 1
LYMPHATIC SYSTEM AND
IMMUNITYBy Sheena Yvarra & Taylah Montgomery
http
://dr
mic
hael
ljohn
sonc
hiro
prac
tor.c
om/w
p-co
nten
t/upl
oads
/201
3/08
/imag
es3.
png
http
://st
atic
.squ
ares
pace
.com
/sta
tic/5
1185
2bfe
4b0c
b217
5781
37f/t
/51
33f0
13e4
b0b7
3e52
90c5
d2/1
3623
5829
2060
/lym
phat
ic_s
yste
m.jp
g
http://static.ddmcdn.com/gif/lymph-system-1.jpg
Page 2
General Functions Removes excess
fluid from tissues and transports it into the bloodstream
Absorbs fats from small intestine
Helps defend the body against disease-causing agents
Page 3
Major Organs Spleen Thymus
Thymus
Spleen
http://www.savorylotus.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/organs_of_the_lymphatic_system.jpg
Page 4
Spleen Largest lymphatic organ FUNCTIONS:
Contains many macrophages, which filter foreign particles and damaged red blood cells from blood
http
://im
g.w
ebm
d.co
m/d
tmcm
s/liv
e/w
ebm
d/co
nsum
er_a
sset
s/si
te_i
mag
es/a
rticl
es/
imag
e_ar
ticle
_col
lect
ions
/ana
tom
y_pa
ges/
Spl
een2
.jpg
Page 5
Thymus Relatively large during infancy
and early childhood; shrinks after puberty
FUNCTIONS:Contains inactive lymphocytes
and turn them into mature or active T cells
T cells (T lymphocytes) leave thymus & provide immunity
*Lymphocytes- white blood cell that attack invading viruses, bacteria, and other parasitic cells
http://www.mskcc.org/sites/www.mskcc.org/files/imagecache/enlarge/node/4708/images/497816.jpg
Page 6
Lymphatic Pathway
Lymphatic vessels- transport lymph(fluid) throughout body
Lymphatic Capillary
Lymphatic Vessel
Lymph Node
Lymphatic Vessel
Lymphatic Trunk
Collecting Duct
Subclavian Vein
Page 7
Lymphatic Pathway Lymphatic Ducts:
Thoracic Right Lymphatic
**Thoracic duct is larger and longer; lower limbs, abdomen, left side of body
*Right Lymphatic receives lymph from right side of head and neck
Page 8
Lymph Nodes Vary in size and shape Usually less than 2.5 cm long Bean shaped FUNCTIONS:
Filters potentially harmful particles from lymph before returning it to the bloodstream
Centers for production of lymphocytes, and they also contain phagocytic cells
*Lymphocytes- white blood cell that attack invading viruses, bacteria, and other parasitic cells
Page 9
5 Types of Antibodies (Immunoglobulins)Antibodies- special proteins that fight off and destroy disease-causing germs
Antigen- foreign substance introduced into the body and causes immune response; molecules produced by the body
1. Immunoglobulin G (IgG) is in tissue fluid and plasma and defends against bacterial
cells, viruses, and toxins and activates complement, a group of immune system enzymes
2. Immunoglobulin A (IgA) is in exocrine gland secretions (breast milk, saliva, tears)
and defends against bacteria and viruses.3. Immunoglobulin M (IgM)
is found in plasma and activates complement and reacts with blood cells during transfusions.
Page 10
5 Types of Antibodies (Immunoglobulins)
4. Immunoglobulin D (IgD) Found on surface of B
cells, especially those of infants
Activate B cells5. Immunoglobulin E (IgE)
is found in exocrine gland secretions and promotes allergic reactions http://www2.estrellamountain.edu/faculty/farabee/biobk/antigenAB.gif
Page 11
Immune Responses First reaction to an antigen is called a primary
immune responseduring this response, antibodies are produced for
several weekssome B cells remain dormant as memory cells
Secondary immune response occurs rapidly as a result of memory cell response if the same antigen is encountered
http://sphweb.bumc.bu.edu/otlt/mph-modules/eh/eh_immunity_b/AdaptiveImmunityMemory.png
Page 12
Active vs Passive Immunity Active immunity
person produces antibodies in response to the presence of antigen
Long-term immunity Passive immunity
Person receives antibodies produced by another individual
Short-term immunity
http://www.proprofs.com/flashcards/upload/q7118722.gif
http://www.stmary.ws/highschool/science/humanbio/q3/q3%20pictures/passive%20immunity.gif
Page 13
Vaccination Vaccine produces
another type of active immunity
helps protect against infectious disease by exposing you to a mild or dead version of the germ
Makes your body build up protection in the form of antibodies
Page 14
Allergic Reactions Antigens that cause allergic
response is called allergens Allergic response is an immune
attack against a nonharmful substance, like chocolate
Sensitize lymphocytes and antibodies may bind antigens
Can damage tissues Can be dangerous and life-
threateninghttp://foodimentaryguy.files.wordpress.com/2012/03/peanuts1.jpg
http
://w
onde
rgre
ssiv
e.co
m/w
p-co
nten
t/upl
oads
/201
3/12
/Pea
nut_
Alle
rgy-
3.jp
g
Page 15
Tissue Rejection Reaction Recipient’s immune system may
recognize donor’s cell surfaces as foreign and attempt to destroy the transplanted tissue
Matching donor and recipient tissues can minimize the rejection reaction
Page 16
Autoimmunity immune system fails to distinguish
self from nonself antigens Produces autoantibodies and
cytotoxic T cells that attack and damage the body’s tissues and organs
**Self antigen- antigen that originates within the body** Nonself antigen- foreign antigens not originally within the body
http://alt-ternativeautoimmune.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/cells.gif
Page 17
Diseases Lymphedema
Chronic swelling of the limbs caused by the accumulation of lymph fluid
Hodgkin’s lymphomaType of cancer that typically
occurs when the white blood cells become diseased or damaged
http
://w
ww
.regi
onsh
ospi
tal.c
om/u
cm/g
roup
s/pu
blic
/@hp
/@pu
blic
/doc
umen
ts/w
ebas
set/d
ev_0
1521
9.gi
f
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b3/Hodgkin_lymphoma_(1)_mixed_cellulary_type.jpg
Page 18
Works Cited http://
glencoe.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0218378151/student_view0/chapter14/study_outline.html
http://www.livescience.com/26983-lymphatic-system.html