Pressure Vessel Connections • Long Welding Necks • Heavy Barrel Type HB Necks • Variable Body Type V 1 , V 2 , V 3 Necks • Full Body Type F Necks • Studding Outlets • Custom Products • Rough Forgings • Insert Type “Q” Nozzles Table of Contents Introduction to FVC .................................................................................. 4 FVC Standard and Variable Body Connections ......................................... 7 Introduction to Seamless Construction ................................................. 8 LWN, HB, F, V 1 , V 2 , and V 3 : Class 150 ....................................................................................... 12 Class 300 ....................................................................................... 16 Class 400 ....................................................................................... 20 Class 600 ....................................................................................... 24 Class 900 ....................................................................................... 28 Class 1500 ..................................................................................... 32 Class 2500 ..................................................................................... 36 General Notes for FVC Connections .................................................... 40 FVC Studding Outlets ............................................................................. 41 Introduction to Studding Outlets ........................................................ 42 Class 150 ....................................................................................... 44 Class 300 ....................................................................................... 45 Class 600 ....................................................................................... 46 Class 900 ....................................................................................... 47 Class 1500 ..................................................................................... 48 Class 2500 ..................................................................................... 49 General Notes for FVC Studding Outlets ............................................ 50 FVC Custom Products ............................................................................. 53 Introduction to FVC Custom Product Capabilities ................................ 54 Technical Section .................................................................................... 57 Technical Table of Contents .................................................................... 58 Warranty and Terms ............................................................................... 80 MAILING ADDRESS: P. O. Box 38421 Houston, TX 77238-8421 MAIN PLANT, DOMESTIC AND INTERNATIONAL SALES OFFICES: 2525 DeSoto St. Houston, TX 77091 1-800-231-2701 1-713-688-9705 FAX: 1-713-688-7954 FAX: 1-713-688-7518 FAX: 1-713-688-1846 WEB PAGE: http://www.fvc.cc E-MAIL: [email protected]CANADA OPERATIONS: WESTERN CANADIAN SALES & DISTRIBUTION 7410A-5 Street S.E. Calgary, Alberta T2H-2L9 1-800-382-3490 1-403-255-9011 FAX: 1-403-255-7239 E-MAIL: [email protected]Forged Vessel Connections an AMERI-FORGE GROUP company
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Pressure Vessel Connections• Long Welding Necks • Heavy Barrel Type HB Necks• Variable Body Type V1, V2, V3 Necks • Full Body Type F Necks• Studding Outlets • Custom Products • Rough Forgings• Insert Type “Q” Nozzles
Table of Contents
Introduction to FVC .................................................................................. 4FVC Standard and Variable Body Connections ......................................... 7
WESTERN CANADIANSALES & DISTRIBUTION7410A-5 Street S.E.Calgary, Alberta T2H-2L91-800-382-34901-403-255-9011FAX: 1-403-255-7239E-MAIL:[email protected]
Forged Vessel Connectionsan AMERI-FORGE GROUP company
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Forged Vessel Connections, Inc., FVC, was founded primarily to satisfy thehighly specialized needs of the pressure vessel fabrication industry withproducts of unexcelled quality backed by dependable service. Dedication tothat purpose has enabled us to emerge as a major manufacturer of pressurevessel components and related equipment in only a few, short years.
After organizing in the mid-1970’s as a machining facility, it became increas-ingly apparent that there was a need for more specialized forgings than thosereadily available. Thus, operations were expanded to include in-house forgingcapabilities with equipment and dies specifically selected to manufactureseamless, self-reinforcing nozzles that would comply with the high standardsof performance our valued customers demand.
FVC has established a tradition of sound technology, quality assurance, pru-dent economics, personalized service, and on-time delivery that has earned usan enviable reputation in the industry.
Today, FVC’s corporate, manufacturing, and storage facilities are situated onapproximately 15 acres. FVC offers total forging service from raw billet to thefinish machined product. These services also include custom design capabili-ties as well as the full range of quality standard products outlined in this cata-
Forged Vessel Connections, Inc.
Let us serve yourpressure vesselconnection needs
log. This combination has allowedFVC to fulfill a wide variety offorging needs in many industriesworldwide. Some of these include:
• Oil and gas exploration• Oil and gas processing• Petrochemical processing• Power generation• Cryogenic storage and
transportation• Pharmaceutical production
Through innovative design, sophisticated forging techniques, and versatility ofequipment, FVC is able to meet each customers’ exacting requirements effi-ciently and economically. In addition, our attention to detail and dedication toservice is unequaled. Customer satisfaction is considered a necessity at FVC.
SavingsFVC products afford many fabrication advantages, not the least of which iscost efficiency. The economics inherent in our one-piece, seamless construc-tion versus built-up methods, allow the production of high quality nozzles atminimal costs. Savings are effected through metallurgical control, maximumutilization of input metals, machining efficiencies, and elimination of welds,which enable our customers to meet critical delivery schedules.
Partial view of FVC’s Houstonmanufacturing factility.
3
A partial view of raw material inventory. Each billet is assigned an FVC heat number andtested for chemical and physical properties by an independent test lab.
ABOVE: A large supply of carbon,stainless, and alloy round bar ismaintained at FVC to provide ourcustomers with a quick turnaroundon all size products.
LEFT: Round bar, precisely cut tosize to forge FVC small necks, isstocked and then forged in largequantities.
ForgingAll purchased steel used by FVC ismanufactured to “fine grain practice”and is of excellent and exactingquality. Each individual piece iscarefully prepared before processingwhile strict identification control ismaintained. Forgings from each heatof material are thoroughly testedprior to the manufacture of produc-tion items to insure compliance withall required specifications. Soundquality control practices are em-ployed throughout manufacturing,resulting in the finest quality forgingsavailable in carbon, alloy, and stain-less steel grades.
Machining & IdentificationForging accuracy at FVC is such thatthe profile of most rough forgingsclosely conforms to the finished,machined shape and size. Precisionmachining then renders products tothe exact finish and tolerances neces-sary for each application. Numerousinspection points assure conformity
Forged Vessel Connections, Inc.
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to all requirements. Before shipment, products are stamped in accordance withapplicable specifications for permanent traceability and then coated with a rustinhibitor. In addition, the stamping includes the FVC work order number to
Forged Vessel Connections, Inc.
allow traceability to all manufactur-ing steps and any special destructiveor non-destructive testing which mayhave been performed on each indi-vidual piece.
VersatilityThe forging capabilities at FVC arehighly flexible. Stock items includevirtually every size ASME, LWN,HB neck, and studding outlet used inpressure vessel fabrication. Availabledies enable FVC to manufacturemany other standard flanges, such asMSS-SP44, AWWA and API 605.FVC can supply custom designednozzles to any size and reinforcement
configuration required to comply with applicable specifications. The extensiveinventory of dies and the capability for modifications to existing designs andconcepts minimize the need for special tooling. The economics arising fromsuch resourceful operation ultimately mean savings for you, the customer.
All dimensions shown in the catalog are typical dimensions. Any barrel sizewith any bore can be furnished at standard price.
Layout and setup of bolt hole pat-tern on one of FVC’s radial armdrilling machines.
A view of FVC semi-finished LWN forgings.
1
ServiceFVC has developed an organization totally oriented to quality customer ser-vice. Technical assistance in estimating and engineering is available, as well asconsultation on materials selection, reinforcement design, and special highpressure flange design. FVC’s single source savings assures excellent qualitycontrol throughout manufacturing and on-time deliveries which enable you tomeet your all-important schedules. When you call FVC, you receive the high-est quality products at fair, competitive prices accompanied by personalizedservice — every time!
Quality AssuranceAt FVC, quality is built into each manufacturing step. Executive managementinsists on strict adherence to its quality assurance program, which has beenestablished in compliance with ISO 9001 and ASME Boiler and PressureVessel Code Sections I, II, and VIII Divisions 1 and 2. FVC utilizes manyadditional in-house procedures, which further assures that its products willmeet or exceed our customers’ highest expectations.
ABOVE: Every part manufactured by FVC is carefully inspected during eachoperation. Here FVC inspects an ASME RTJ facing to assure the close tolerancesoutlined in B16.5 are maintained…there is no spot-checking at FVC. To ensureintegrity, each part is stamped by the final inspector to indicate dimensionalaccuracy and material verification.
LEFT: Complete material and product traceability data is stamped on each forging.
Optional destructive testing availablefrom FVC on applicable materialsincludes:
• Hardness testing• Charpy impact testing• Nil-ductility testing to establish
transition temperature• HIC testing per NACE
Forged Vessel Connectionsan AMERI-FORGE GROUP company
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Optional non-destructive testingavailable from FVC on applicablematerials includes:
• Ultrasonic examination• Liquid penetrant examination• Dry or wet magnetic particle
examination• Positive material identificationFVC will administer any of the abovetesting and/or provide test bars foryour own examinations. Pleasespecify with your order.
Custom ProductsFVC is your single source for customproducts such as: stub ends, specialpetroleum manway necks and covers,full bore manways, well head compo-nents, and custom reinforced nozzles.FVC Type “Q” style nozzles asshown in ASME Section VIII, Divi-sion 1, Fig. UW 16.1 and Division 2,Fig. AD-613.1 are used whenradiographable welds are required atthe nozzle-to-vessel junction.
FVC rough forgings are available, ifyou prefer to perform your ownmachining operations.
Forged Vessel Connections, Inc.
Bolt circles are checked before and bolt holesafter drilling to assure compliance to ASMEB16.5 dimensions and tolerances.
ABOVE RIGHT: FVC Insert Type“Q” Nozzle for full penetration,radiographed welding.
RIGHT: 42” x 300# “V” NozzleManway made with SA-508 Grade2 material.
Forged Vessel Connections, Inc.Standard and Variable
Body Connections
8
Seamless Construction
Consider All That is Involved inBuilt-Up Construction of Connections:
The large family of FVC standard seamless one-piececonstruction connections eliminates the need for you to use apipe/flange/reinforcement pad “built-up” construction nozzle.This removes the fabrication and material traceability problemswhich plague fabricators using “built-up” nozzles.
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Seamless Construction
Then Choose FVCEvaluate a few of the advantages provided byFVC integrally reinforced standard connections:1) Contour forged close to the finished profile for aligned grain flow of
material, resulting in maximum strength and toughness.2) Less possibility of distortion from heat of welding.3) Reduction of total time required for vessel fabrication, therefore speeding
up delivery and cash flow of each job.4) Easier traceability of material, only one piece vs. two or more pieces
required for “built-up” construction — many times test certificates can be alarge additional hidden cost.
5) “Ready to install” convenience.6) Larger manway bore diameters — when a 16-inch I.D. is required you only
pay for a 16-inch FVC nozzle and 16-inch mating components, but if youuse a “built-up” construction you pay for an 18-inch weld neck flange, 18-inch pipe and an 18-inch blind. Therefore you save by not paying for thelarger blind flange gasket as well as the larger or more nuts and studsassociated with “built-up” nozzles, For larger minimum I.D.’s the savingsbecome even greater.
7) Integral reinforcement lowers overall fabrication cost by reducing or elimi-nating the cost in the following areas:(A) Purchasing and Expediting: One part vs. pipe, flange, and plate.(B) Material Handling: One piece to unload, stock, and move to shop for
final installation.(C) Inventory Control: Fewer parts to stock, trace, and locate on plant site.(D) Production Scheduling: FVC Seamless Schedule System of “Reduce &
Eliminate” saves time and money…
Department Fabrication Process Scheduled Time1) Layout Layout of reinforcing pad Eliminated2) Burning Pipe & pad Eliminated3) Fitting Sub-assembly fitting pipe, flange, & pad Eliminated4) Welding Sub-assembly welding pipe & flange Eliminated
Main bay welding of pad Eliminated5) Grinding Neck-to-shell or head weld Reduced
Grinding pipe to flange weld EliminatedGrinding pad OD weld Eliminated
6) Testing X-Ray of pipe to flange weld EliminatedU/T, MP & air test of pad EliminatedNeck-to-vessel joint repairs Reduced
(E) Quality Control: Time spent verifying all the material certifications,testing procedures, vendor compliance, accompanying customer inspec-tors witnessing testing and vendor certificates is reduced.
(F) Sales & Marketing: The on-time shipment and the aesthetic appeal of avessel fabricated using FVC seamless connections creates an atmo-sphere which “Reduces” the sales effort required to obtain the nextorder from your customer.
Compound these advantages with other disadvantages of “built-up” construc-tion and it is easy to see why FVC standard seamless connections should beused for all of your flanged nozzle requirements.
IntegralReinforcement…
10
FVC Offers Largest Variety ofStandard Connections
FVC flanged connections are available in a large variety of standard barrelthicknesses. These styles include the FVC LWN, the HB, the Variable BodyConnections Vl, V2 and V3 and the F connections. This wide variety of stan-dard barrel thicknesses was developed in order to provide a FVC standardproduct that fulfills your individual reinforcement applications. All FVCstandard flanged connections are:
1) Seamless forged construction.2) Manufactured in strict accordance with ASME Sec. VIII, Div. 1.3) Manufactured in all of the sizes and pressure classes covered by
ASME B16.5.4) Manufactured and stocked in SA-105, SA-350-LF2, SA-182-F1,
SA-182-F11, SA-182-F304(L), and SA-182-F316(L).Other materials can be provided, see page 59.
The following describes the variety of standard connections offeredby FVC, progressing from the thinnest standard neck to the thickest standardconnection:
The FVC Type “LWN” — “Long Welding Neck”
The “LWN” is FVC’s basic standard flanged connection. This seamless prod-uct offers a nominal bore as well as a heavy wall thickness, making it ideal forhighly corrosive applications.
The FVC Type “HB” Neck — “Heavy Barrel”
The “HB” neck furnishes more integral reinforcement than the correspondingsize FVC “LWN” which is accomplished with a thicker barrel neck section.There are additional features on this style neck:
1) On FVC “HB” necks an automatic “nut stop” is provided by thestandard barrel O.D. This eliminates the need for a second holdingwrench. An optional “nut relief” in the barrel will allow two wrenchoperation.
2) FVC “HB” necks, sizes 12 inch and below are furnished with Sch 80bores. Manway sizes 14 inch and above have bores equal to thenominal size.
The FVC Type “F” Nozzle — “Full Body”
The FVC Type “F” body connection provides the most reinforcement amongthe standard connections. The barrel O.D. is the same as the flange O.D.
Seamless Construction
11
Variable Body Connections
The FVC Type “V” Nozzle — “Variable Body”
Never before has a manufacturer offered so many standard barrel thicknessesin seamless connections. This variety enables FVC to provide a sufficientamount of integral reinforcement required while keeping nozzle weight andcost down to a minimum. Don’t compromise with an expensive “custom”forging when you can find the required barrel diameter in the standard FVC“Variable Body” charts on the following pages. The FVC “Variable Body”connections provide more integral reinforcement than an “HB” neck, withoutthe added cost of a custom forging or the added cost and weight of an “F”connection.
Optional FeaturesAll FVC connections are available with the following optional features:1) contoured bottoms: “cylindrical”, “spherical,” or “hillside”.2) special lengths, longer or shorter than the standard lengths listed in the
price list are no problem for FVC.3) insert lips, contour forged or contour machined.4) additional facings, standard B16.5 or custom designs.5) “nut stop” barrel, (except on LWN’S).6) optional Barrel O.D. and I.D.7) FVC can also make LWNs, HBs, Variable Body Nozzles, and F Nozzles
to ASME B16.47 Series A and Series B.
Don’t CompromiseIf your reinforcement requirements cannot be met with these standard FVCproducts, please see the “Custom Products” section, pages 53-56, foradditional FVC special capabilities.
Seamless Construction
12
CLASS
150 FVC Standard Connections
Material: FVC forged connections are made from SA-105 in compliance with ASME Section II. FVC connections are available in othermaterial compositions upon request. See “Technical Section” on page 59 for stocked materials.
Length: The length of all connections includes the barrel, flange and facing. See the current FVC price sheet for standard lengths.Intermediate lengths and longer are available upon request.
Facing: The FVC flange thickness “T” includes 0.06 inch raised face per ASME B16.5. This differs on Class 400 and above. FVC cansupply any special facing as needed upon request.
Notes continued on following page.
Bore Barrel O.D.Flange Flange RF Bolt Hole Bolt
Size O.D. Thick. O.D. Holes Size Circle LWN/F HB LWN HB F
Material: FVC forged connections are made from SA-105 in compliance with ASME Section II. FVC connections are available in othermaterial compositions upon request. See “Technical Section” on page 59 for stocked materials.
Length: The length of all connections includes the barrel, flange and facing. See the current FVC price sheet for standard lengths.Intermediate lengths and longer are available upon request.
Facing: The FVC flange thickness “T” includes 0.06 inch raised face per ASME B16.5. This differs on Class 400 and above. FVC cansupply any special facing as needed upon request.
Material: FVC forged connections are made from SA-105 in compliance with ASME Section II. FVC connections are available in othermaterial compositions upon request. See “Technical Section” on page 59 for stocked materials.
Length: The length of all connections includes the barrel, flange and facing. See the current FVC price sheet for standard lengths.Intermediate lengths and longer are available upon request.
Facing: The FVC flange thickness “T” includes 0.06 inch raised face per ASME B16.5. This differs on Class 400 and above. FVC cansupply any special facing as needed upon request.
Material: FVC forged connections are made from SA-105 in compliance with ASME Section II. FVC connections are available in othermaterial compositions upon request. See “Technical Section” on page 59 for stocked materials.
Length: The length of all connections includes the barrel, flange and facing. See the current FVC price sheet for standard lengths.Intermediate lengths and longer are available upon request.
Facing: The FVC flange thickness “T” includes 0.06 inch raised face per ASME B16.5. This differs on Class 400 and above. FVC cansupply any special facing as needed upon request.
Material: FVC forged connections are made from SA-105 in compliance with ASME Section II. FVC connections are available in othermaterial compositions upon request. See “Technical Section” on page 59 for stocked materials.
Length: The length of all connections includes the barrel, flange and facing. See the current FVC price sheet for standard lengths.Intermediate lengths and longer are available upon request.
Facing: The FVC flange thickness “T” excludes 0.25 inch raised face per ASME B16.5. This differs on Classes 150 and 300. FVC cansupply any special facing as needed upon request.
Material: FVC forged connections are made from SA-105 in compliance with ASME Section II. FVC connections are available in othermaterial compositions upon request. See “Technical Section” on page 59 for stocked materials.
Length: The length of all connections includes the barrel, flange and facing. See the current FVC price sheet for standard lengths.Intermediate lengths and longer are available upon request.
Facing: The FVC flange thickness “T” excludes 0.25 inch raised face per ASME B16.5. This differs on Classes 150 and 300. FVC cansupply any special facing as needed upon request.
Material: FVC forged connections are made from SA-105 in compliance with ASME Section II. FVC connections are available in othermaterial compositions upon request. See “Technical Section” on page 59 for stocked materials.
Length: The length of all connections includes the barrel, flange and facing. See the current FVC price sheet for standard lengths.Intermediate lengths and longer are available upon request.
Facing: The FVC flange thickness “T” excludes 0.25 inch raised face per ASME B16.5. This differs on Classes 150 and 300. FVC cansupply any special facing as needed upon request.
Material: FVC forged connections are made from SA-105 in compliance with ASME Section II. FVC connections are available in othermaterial compositions upon request. See “Technical Section” on page 59 for stocked materials.
Length: The length of all connections includes the barrel, flange and facing. See the current FVC price sheet for standard lengths.Intermediate lengths and longer are available upon request.
Facing: The FVC flange thickness “T” excludes 0.25 inch raised face per ASME B16.5. This differs on Classes 150 and 300. FVC cansupply any special facing as needed upon request.
Material: FVC forged connections are made from SA-105 in compliance with ASME Section II. FVC connections are available in othermaterial compositions upon request. See “Technical Section” on page 59 for stocked materials.
Length: The length of all connections includes the barrel, flange and facing. See the current FVC price sheet for standard lengths.Intermediate lengths and longer are available upon request.
Facing: The FVC flange thickness “T” excludes 0.25 inch raised face per ASME B16.5. This differs on Classes 150 and 300. FVC cansupply any special facing as needed upon request.
Material: FVC forged connections are made from SA-105 in compliance with ASME Section II. FVC connections are available in othermaterial compositions upon request. See “Technical Section” on page 59 for stocked materials.
Length: The length of all connections includes the barrel, flange and facing. See the current FVC price sheet for standard lengths.Intermediate lengths and longer are available upon request.
Facing: The FVC flange thickness “T” excludes 0.25 inch raised face per ASME B16.5. This differs on Classes 150 and 300. FVC cansupply any special facing as needed upon request.
Material: FVC forged connections are made from SA-105 in compliance with ASME Section II. FVC connections are available in othermaterial compositions upon request. See “Technical Section” on page 59 for stocked materials.
Length: The length of all connections includes the barrel, flange and facing. See the current FVC price sheet for standard lengths.Intermediate lengths and longer are available upon request.
Facing: The FVC flange thickness “T” excludes 0.25 inch raised face per ASME B16.5. This differs on Classes 150 and 300. FVC cansupply any special facing as needed upon request.
Material: FVC forged connections are made from SA-105 in compliance with ASME Section II. FVC connections are available in othermaterial compositions upon request. See “Technical Section” on page 59 for stocked materials.
Length: The length of all connections includes the barrel, flange and facing. See the current FVC price sheet for standard lengths.Intermediate lengths and longer are available upon request.
Facing: The FVC flange thickness “T” excludes 0.25 inch raised face per ASME B16.5. This differs on Classes 150 and 300. FVC cansupply any special facing as needed upon request.
Material: FVC forged connections are made from SA-105 in compliance with ASME Section II. FVC connections are available in othermaterial compositions upon request. See “Technical Section” on page 59 for stocked materials.
Length: The length of all connections includes the barrel, flange and facing. See the current FVC price sheet for standard lengths.Intermediate lengths and longer are available upon request.
Facing: The FVC flange thickness “T” excludes 0.25 inch raised face per ASME B16.5. This differs on Classes 150 and 300. FVC cansupply any special facing as needed upon request.
Material: FVC forged connections are made from SA-105 in compliance with ASME Section II. FVC connections are available in othermaterial compositions upon request. See “Technical Section” on page 59 for stocked materials.
Length: The length of all connections includes the barrel, flange and facing. See the current FVC price sheet for standard lengths.Intermediate lengths and longer are available upon request.
Facing: The FVC flange thickness “T” excludes 0.25 inch raised face per ASME B16.5. This differs on Classes 150 and 300. FVC cansupply any special facing as needed upon request.
Bolting and Tolerances: FVC flanges are furnished to ASME B16.5 specifications unless otherwise specified.
Nut Relief: All FVC connections except standard LWN’s will be supplied with a “nut stop O.D.” unless a “nut relief O.D.” is specified.
Bore: Bore sizes shown above are standard, other sizes can be furnished upon request.
Curving: All FVC connections can be furnished contoured to fit any shell, head or cone at a minimal cost.
See page 40 for complete general notes.
DON’T COMPROMISE!
If your reinforcementrequirements havenot been met withthese standard FVCconnections, pleasesee “CustomProducts”, pages54 to 56.
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Material and manufacturing practices for FVC connections are in compliancewith ASME Section II, Section VIII Division 1, ASME B16.5, ASME B31.3,and ASME B31.4. Other requirements can be met when specified.
FVC forged connections are made from SA-105 in compliance with ASMESection II. FVC connections are available in other material compositions uponrequest. See the “Technical Section” on page 59 for materials stocked by FVC.
The length of all connections includes the barrel, flange and facing. See thecurrent FVC price sheet for standard lengths. Intermediate lengths and lengthslonger than standard are available upon request.
All FVC flanges are furnished with a raised face per ASME B16.5. A 0.06-inch raised face is provided on CLASS 150 and 300 flanges and it is includedin the “T” dimension. A 0.25-inch raised face is provided on CLASS 400 andabove flanges and it is excluded from the “T” dimension. See the “TechnicalSection,” pages 62 through 65, for other types of facings available on FVCflanges. Gaskets are not furnished by FVC.
FVC flanges are furnished to ASME B16.5 specifications unless otherwisespecified. See the “Technical Section,” pages 60 and 61, for complete FVCtolerances. Bolting is not furnished by FVC.
All FVC connections, except standard LWN’s, will be supplied with a “nutstop O.D.” unless a “nut relief O.D.” is specified.
All FVC “HB”, “V1”, “V2”, “V3” and “F” style connections are furnished with“nut stop O.D.” (not available on “LWN” barrels). This barrel O.D. acts as anautomatic nut stop, preventing the nut from turning, thus only requiring onewrench to loosen or tighten bolting on the connecting pipe side.
Standard bores on all FVC connections are to the nominal flange size exceptfor 12" and smaller “HB” and “Variable Body” connections which are boredto match schedule 80 pipe. Larger or smaller bores can be provided on allFVC connections upon request.
All FVC connections can be furnished contoured to fit any shell, head or coneat a minimal cost. Unless otherwise specified, all connections will be fur-nished with flat bottom.
All flanges are drilled unless otherwise specified. Bolt holes are drilled 1/8”larger than bolts. Bolt holes will straddle natural centerlines, unless otherwisespecified. Bolts, nuts, studs, inserts and gaskets are not furnished by FVC.
All FVC flanges are furnished to conform to ASME B16.5 pressure-tempera-ture ratings. See the “Technical Section,” pages 68 through 72, for ratingcharts and notes regarding allowable design pressures and hydrotest pressures.
All standard FVC connections over CLASS 300 rating and CLASS 300 “HB”,“V1”, “V2”, “V3” and “F” connections are supplied in the normalized condi-tion. Additional heat treating requirements can be furnished upon request.
Notes for FVC Standard andVariable Body Connections
Codes:
Materials:
Lengths:
Facings:
Bolting andTolerances:
Nut Relief:
Nut Stop:
Bore:
UndersideCurvatures:
Flanges and Drilling:
Press-Temp Ratings:
Heat Treatment:
Studding Outlets
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FVC studding outlets have many advantages whencompared to corresponding ASME B16.5 rated connections:1) a bolted style connection of significantly lower cost2) a lighter-in-weight bolted connection, requiring less material…the savings
in alloy construction are significantly higher3) a compact profile, thus providing lower projections for limited clearance
situations4) integral reinforcement…the outside diameter and/or overall thickness of
FVC studding outlets can be increased to eliminate the need for additionalreinforcement. This one-piece construction simplifies the welding required,thus reducing the cost of welding. Increasing labor costs are becoming amore significant part of finished product costs.
Studding Outlets
Remember, FVC provides custom design service for your special requirements,at no additonal cost. Please call FVC for your studding outlet needs.
43
There are many options available on FVC studding outlets,some of which include:1) contoured or flat bottoms…FVC can provide any degree of contouring to
suit your special mounting requirements2) air test holes as required by ASME Code…FVC can also provide test holes
to suit special customer requirements3) sight and light glass mounts…FVC can provide special machining of
studding outlets for your sight glass assemblies. A sketch of your individualrequirements is all that is needed.
4) contoured insert lips…FVC can provide contour forged or contourmachined insert lips for Type “Q” attachment as shown in ASME Sec. VIIIDiv. 1 Fig. UW16.1 or Div. 2 Fig. AD 613.1 requirements.
5) increased O.D. or thickness for additional reinforcement6) reduced O.D. or thickness when ASME B16.5 dimensions are not re-
quired… contact FVC to check your savings7) numerous special facings…please specify when ordering
Studding Outlets
Remember, FVC provides custom design service for your special requirements,at no additonal cost. Please call FVC for your studding outlet needs.
44
Outside R.F. Stud Hole Hole Stud Tap Tap Wall Approx.Size Dia. Thick. O.D. Holes Size Depth Circle Size T.P.I. Depth Thick. Weight
Material: FVC forged studding outlets are made from SA-105 in compliance with ASME Section II. FVC studding outlets are available inother material compositions upon request. See “Technical Section” on page 59 for stocked materials.
Thickness: The standard thickness shown in charts for all FVC studding outlets is the minimum required per ASME Section VIIIDivision 1 Paragraph UG-43(d) for thread engagement and an l.D. mount (Fig. A, page 50). It is important to note that each individualapplication should be analyzed for proper thickness. See general notes for more details.
Facing: The FVC studding outlet minimum thickness “T” includes proper raised face per ASME B16.5. FVC can supply any specialfacing as needed upon request.
Notes continued on following page.
45
Outside R.F. Stud Hole Hole Stud Tap Tap Wall Approx.Size Dia. Thick. O.D. Holes Size Depth Circle Size T.P.I. Depth Thick. Weight
Drilling and Tapping: FVC studding outlets are furnished to ASME B16.5 specifications unless otherwise specified. Thread depth is inaccordance with ASME Section VIII Division 1 Para. UG-43(g) for a design temperature not to exceed 650°F, a base metal stress of17,500 psi, and a stud stress of 25,000 psi. All other materials exceeding these stresses should be checked for UG-43 compliance.
Bore: Bore sizes shown above are standard, other sizes can be furnished upon request.
Curving: All FVC connections can be furnished contoured to fit any shell, head or cone at a minimal cost.
See pages 50 to 52 for complete general notes.
46
Outside R.F. Stud Hole Hole Stud Tap Tap Wall Approx.Size Dia. Thick. O.D. Holes Size Depth Circle Size T.P.I. Depth Thick. Weight
Material: FVC forged studding outlets are made from SA-105 in compliance with ASME Section II. FVC studding outlets are available inother material compositions upon request. See “Technical Section” on page 59 for stocked materials.
Thickness: The standard thickness shown in charts for all FVC studding outlets is the minimum required per ASME Section VIIIDivision 1 Paragraph UG-43(d) for thread engagement and an l.D. mount (Fig. A, page 50). It is important to note that each individualapplication should be analyzed for proper thickness. See general notes for more details.
Facing: The FVC studding outlet minimum thickness “T” includes proper raised face per ASME B16.5. FVC can supply any specialfacing as needed upon request.
Notes continued on following page.
47
Outside R.F. Stud Hole Hole Stud Tap Tap Wall Approx.Size Dia. Thick. O.D. Holes Size Depth Circle Size T.P.I. Depth Thick. Weight
Drilling and Tapping: FVC studding outlets are furnished to ASME B16.5 specifications unless otherwise specified. Thread depth is inaccordance with ASME Section VIII Division 1 Para. UG-43(g) for a design temperature not to exceed 650°F, a base metal stress of17,500 psi, and a stud stress of 25,000 psi. All other materials exceeding these stresses should be checked for UG-43 compliance.
Bore: Bore sizes shown above are standard, other sizes can be furnished upon request.
Curving: All FVC connections can be furnished contoured to fit any shell, head or cone at a minimal cost.
See pages 50 to 52 for complete general notes.
48
Outside R.F. Stud Hole Hole Stud Tap Tap Wall Approx.Size Dia. Thick. O.D. Holes Size Depth Circle Size T.P.I. Depth Thick. Weight
Material: FVC forged studding outlets are made from SA-105 in compliance with ASME Section II. FVC studding outlets are available inother material compositions upon request. See “Technical Section” on page 59 for stocked materials.
Thickness: The standard thickness shown in charts for all FVC studding outlets is the minimum required per ASME Section VIIIDivision 1 Paragraph UG-43(d) for thread engagement and an l.D. mount (Fig. A, page 50). It is important to note that each individualapplication should be analyzed for proper thickness. See general notes for more details.
Facing: The FVC studding outlet minimum thickness “T” includes proper raised face per ASME B16.5. FVC can supply any specialfacing as needed upon request.
Notes continued on following page.
49
Outside R.F. Stud Hole Hole Stud Tap Tap Wall Approx.Size Dia. Thick. O.D. Holes Size Depth Circle Size T.P.I. Depth Thick. Weight
Drilling and Tapping: FVC studding outlets are furnished to ASME B16.5 specifications unless otherwise specified. Thread depth is inaccordance with ASME Section VIII Division 1 Para. UG-43(g) for a design temperature not to exceed 650°F, a base metal stress of17,500 psi, and a stud stress of 25,000 psi. All other materials exceeding these stresses should be checked for UG-43 compliance.
Bore: Bore sizes shown above are standard, other sizes can be furnished upon request.
Curving: All FVC connections can be furnished contoured to fit any shell, head or cone at a minimal cost.
See pages 50 to 52 for complete general notes.
50
General Notes for FVCStandard Studding Outlets
Codes:Material and manufacturing practices for FVC studding outlets are in compli-ance with ASME Section II, Section VIII Division 1, and B16.5. Other re-quirements can be met when specified.
Materials:FVC forged studding outlets are made from SA-105 in compliance withASME Section II. FVC studding outlets are available in other material compo-sitions upon request. See “Technical Section” on page 59 for materialsstocked by FVC.
Thickness:The standard thickness shown in charts for all FVC studding outlets is theminimum required for ASME Section VIII Division 1 for thread engagementand thickness required for mounting the studding outlet to the I.D. as shown inFIG. A. It is important to note that for studding outlets which are set through avessel (FIG. A), the thickness of the studding outlet may need to be increasedto comply with ASME Code, Section VIII Division 1, paragraph UG-43(d)requirements. For studding outlets mounted to the O.D. as shown in FIG. B, areduction of thickness is possible. If the required minimum thickness is greaterthan FVC standard due to the ASME reinforcing requirements, FVC willincrease the studding outlet thickness as necessary at the buyer’s request orwhen design data is supplied with an order. The minimum thickness is mea-sured at the points in FIG. C and FIG. D.
Facings:All FVC studding outlets are furnished with a raised face per ASME B16.5. A0.06-inch raised face is provided on CLASS 150 and 300 flanges. A 0.25-inchraised face is provided on CLASS 400 and above flanges. These facing thick-nesses are included in the “T” dimension. See the “Technical Section” onpages 62 through 65 for other types of facings available on FVC flanges.Gaskets are not furnished by FVC.
Bolting and Tolerances:FVC flanges are furnished to ASME B16.5 specifications unless otherwisespecified. See the “Technical Section” on pages 60 and 61 for complete FVCtolerances.
Bore:Standard bores on all FVC studding outlets are to the nominal flange size.Larger or smaller bores can be provided on all FVC studding outlets uponrequest.
Notes continued on the following page.
51
Underside Curvatures:Unless otherwise specified, all FVC studding outlets will be furnished withflat bottom. Undersides of FVC studding outlets are furnished with a maxi-mum roughness of 500 microinches. This maximum roughness applies tocurved as well as flat bottom studding outlets.
When curving at the underside is required, it will be curved to fit flush on anI.D. mount (FIG. A) at the O.D. perimeter of the studding outlet. Whenmounted to the vessel I.D., some variation from a true radius may occur ontransverse centerline of cylindrical radius. The amount of variance will notexceed the maximum out-of-roundness tolerance per ASME Section VIIIDivision 1 paragraph UG-80. An outside shell mount (FIG. B) must be speci-fied by the customer as it requires special contouring.
When a “Wrap Around” configuration exists and the outside diameter of thestudding outlet exceeds the outside diameter of the shell to which it ismounted, the pad will be square as shown in FIG. E.
FVC studding outlets for hillside, inclined and conical locations will beprovided in the same manner as curvatures. There are no restrictions to theseverity of curvature which FVC can provide. Studding outlets requiring acurvature of less than 0.09 inch will be furnished flat, unless otherwise re-quested by the customer.
Drilling and Tapping:All standard FVC studding outlets are drilled and tapped unless otherwisespecified. The drilling and tapping is furnished in accordance with ASMEB16.5. The depth of tapping is in accordance with ASME Section VIII Divi-sion 1 paragraph UG-43(g). Stud holes will straddle centerlines, unless other-wise specified. Studs, nuts, inserts, and gaskets are not furnished by FVC.
Test Holes:Test holes can be provided on FVC studding outlets upon request. The testhole will be provided per FIG. F unless other specific details are supplied bythe customer with a 1/4” diameter drilling and a 1/8” N.P.T. tapping.
Pressure-Temperature Ratings:All standard FVC studding outlets are furnished in accordance with ASMEB16.5. See the “Technical Section” on pages 68 through 72 for rating chartsand notes regarding allowable design pressures and hydrotest pressures.
Notes continued on the following page.
General Notes for FVCStandard Studding Outlets
52
Heat Treatment:All standard FVC connections CLASS 400 and above are supplied in thenormalized condition in accordance with the requirements of ASME SectionII. Additional heat treatment requirements can be furnished upon request.
Reinforcement:Particular attention must be paid to the area required for reinforcing an open-ing using a studding outlet because of the voids created by the tapped holes.Paragraph UG-37 of ASME Section VIII Division 1 addresses the planes ofreinforcement and the “F” factor. This reduction of available reinforcementmust not be overlooked. See the following table for area of various tappedholes. The area lost from the tapped holes can be provided by increasing the“T” dimension or the O.D. when required.
LOSS OF REINFORCEMENT DUE TO TAPPED HOLESTap Size (inches) Depth of Hole (inches) Area (sq. inches)
How often have you called a flange manufacturer or a local machine shop toorder a special flanged nozzle connection and were told “Well, that’ll be six toeight weeks before I can get a forging,” when you needed it yesterday? FVCrealizes that service is a vital part of this business, therefore, we have devel-oped extensive in-house forging capabilities. Many times FVC has a suitableforging in stock or is able to manufacture your rush order by using a diealready designated for use in the current forging schedule. FVC’s in-housecapabilities and desire to service our customers provides you with a single
Custom Products
source manufacturer to solve yourdelivery dilemma.
FVC manufacturing capabilities arenot limited to ASME pressure vesselnozzles. Many custom products havebeen forged and machined at ForgedVessel Connections, Inc., a few ofwhich can be seen on the pages ofthis section. FVC welcomes theopportunity to assist customers withforging or machining estimates ofspecial products. Given the opportu-nity during the early design stages ofa project, FVC personnel will provideassistance on a no-charge basis when-ever our expertise is applicable insolving your problems.
ABOVE: FVC Insert Type “Q” Nozzle for hillside installation in a large vessel.
ABOVE: Special Conical Reducer fitting forreactors. BELOW: Special tooling to produceforged bolts with induction heating.
55
Custom Design of Bolted Flangesand Self-Reinforced ConnectionsIn spite of FVC’s concentrated effort to develop standard ASME flangedconnections to suit your vessel requirements, there are still applications forcustom designed nozzles. Custom flange design can help eliminate unneces-sary material and bolting. The savings become most apparent when the ASMEsize and pressure class is 16"-900# or larger. Significant savings can be real-ized for smaller sizes, especially when alloy materials are required, FVC canprovide custom design of bolted flanges, matching WNFs, manway assem-blies, reducing slip-ons and/or blindflanges. The following information isrequired to develop an economical custom flange:
1. APPLICABLE DESIGN CODE
2. FLANGE AND BOLTING MATERIAL SPECIFICATION
3. GASKET STYLE, MATERIAL, AND THICKNESS
4. MINIMUM NECK THICKNESS
5. DETAILS OF MATING FLANGE (NUMBER OF BOLTS, BOLT CIRCLEDIAMETER)
6. NOZZLE BORE DIAMETER
7. DESIGN PRESSURE, TEMPERATURE, AND CORROSION ALLOWANCE
8. STYLE OF FLANGE -- TAPERED HUB, LOOSE RING OR A STRAIGHT HUB,WITH OR WITHOUT NUT RELIEF
FVC can provide complete design of special self-reinforced connections withall of the advantages of seamless construction. When large quantities of thesame size are required, special designs and dies can be developed to providemore exacting reinforcing wall thicknesses. The following information isrequired to develop an economical special self-reinforced nozzle:
1. APPLICABLE DESIGN CODE
2. MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS FOR BOTH VESSEL AND NOZZLE
3. VESSEL THICKNESS AT NOZZLE
4. VESSEL I.D. AND NOZZLE BORE
5. LOCATION OF NOZZLE IN VESSEL (SHELL, HEAD, OR CONE)
6. INTERNAL PROJECTION ALLOWED AND EXTERNAL PROJECTION
7. DESIGN PRESSURE, TEMPERATURE, AND CORROSION ALLOWANCE
8. STYLE AND RATING OF FLANGE OR PIPE O.D. FOR “BUTT WELD”CONNECTION
Custom Products
ABOVE: Studding outlets withRTJ facing. BELOW: Blind Bottomstub for economical hydrotesting(eliminates the welding of plugsor blinds).
56
Custom Products
Custom ForgedProduction PartsFVC is capable of forging close tothe contour of the finished partthereby eliminating costly machiningtime and scrap material. New dies canbe developed or dies from FVC’slarge inventory of tooling can bemodified to save you tooling costs.A free estimate from FVC will assistin your economic decisions. A sketchand a summary of your specificrequirements will aid FVC in devel-oping a speedy reply.
The FVC Insert Type “Q”AttachmentWhen you require nozzel attachmentsusing full penetration butt welds,
RIGHT ABOVE: Special connec-tion with ASME flange on one endand slip fitting for welding to pipeon the other end.
RIGHT BELOW: 14” x 150# one-piece transition nozzle. StandardASME flange to oval heat ex-changer tubing.
FVC Insert Type “Q” HB nozzleand welding stub ready for contourburning of bottom radius.
users which provide seamless con-struction, a superior tongue andgroove facing and a lower “weight-to-service rating” ratio than ASMEflange assemblies. Several sizes andpressure ratings of these manwayassemblies are manufactured andstocked by FVC. Please inquire withFVC for dimensional details, servicerating, and pricing.
Please note that FVC reserves theright to require approved manufactur-ing drawings prior to execution ofcustom orders.
similar to those shown in ASME Section VIII, Div. 1, Fig. UW16.1 (f) andDiv. 2, Fig. AD-613.1, FVC is able to provide design assistance in order tominimize total installed cost. The type “Q” attachment can be provided on anystyle FVC connection, including studding outlets, and can be manufactured toallow a butt weld attachment for nozzles with either radial or tangential orien-tation. The type “Q” attachment makes weld examination easier and allowsradiographs of nozzle-to-vessel welds to be interpreted more accurately.
Special Petroleum ManwaysThese nozzle neck and blind flange assemblies have been developed by end
Technical Section
58
Technical Table of Contents
Material Specifications ............................................................................... 59Standard Tolerances .............................................................................. 60-61Standard Weld Bevel Details ...................................................................... 61Standard Facings and Notes .................................................................. 62-63Ring Type Joint Facing Dimensions ....................................................... 64-65Properties of Pipe: Dimensions and Weights ......................................... 66-67ASME Pressure-Temperature Ratings .................................................... 68-72ASME Maximum Allowable Hydrostatic Test Pressures ............................... 72Bolting Dimensions .................................................................................... 73Bolting Materials ....................................................................................... 73Useful Conversion Factors ..................................................................... 74-75Sweep Loss Chart .................................................................................. 76-77Conversion, Table, Fractions to Decimals to Millimeters ............................. 78Weight of Circular Steel Plates ................................................................... 79
Material Specifications For FVC ProductsChemical Composition (%)
Specification C Mn P S Si Ni Cr Mo V Al Cu(Max) (Max) (Max)(Max) (Max)
Technical
* FVC stocks chemistries which comply with “Sour Service” requirements (NACE).** For each reduction of 0.01% below the specified carbon maximum (0.35%), an increase of 0.06% manganese above the specified
maximum (1.05%) will be permitted up to a maximum of 1.35%.Notes:1. The materials listed above are typical of FVC inventory and are subject to availability.2. Other materials can be provided based on special orders which may be subject to prior sale and quantity minimums.
2) FVC connections are manufactured in accordance with the tolerances setforth by ASME B16.5.
3) Tolerances may be modified to meet customer requirements when specified.
DIA > 24 ± 0.12DIA < 24 ± 0.06
B.C. ± 0.06
0.25 R.F. ± 0.020.06 R.F. ± 0.03
SEEDETAIL “A”
SEEDETAIL “A”
SEEDETAIL “A”
NUT RELIEF + .0625- 0
NUT STOP + 0- .0625
BORE:SIZES 10” AND SMALLER
± 0.03SIZES 12” THROUGH 18”
± 0.06SIZES 20” AND LARGER
+ 0.12 - 0.06
BARREL O.D.:FOR ALL “HB” NECKS:
+0 -.0625FOR ALL OTHER STYLES: SIZES 4” AND SMALLER
+.09375 -.03125SIZES 5” AND LARGER
+.15625 -.03125
NL + 0.125- 0.03
± 2.5°
OA
L:FO
R S
TD L
EN
GTH
S±
.125
FOR
NO
N-S
TD+
.125
-0
FVC Connection Tolerances
61
Technical
FVC Connection Tolerances
Bevel dimension and tolerances are based on ASME B16.5. The above details will be providedunless otherwise specified. Other bevels are available upon request.
Note: Undercut dimensions and tolerances comply with ASME Section VIII Division1, Fig 2-4
FVC Welding Bevel Details
0.06 R.F. ± .0156250.25 R.F. ± 0.3125RTJ ± .03125
SIZES 18” AND SMALLER+ 0.12 - ZERO
SIZES 20” AND LARGER+ 0.19 - ZERO
SIZES 18” AND SMALLER0.25 RADIUS TOOL
SIZES 20” AND LARGER0.375 RADIUS TOOL
SIZES 18” AND SMALLER0.19 ± 0.03
SIZES 20” AND LARGER0.31 ± 0.03
DETAIL “A”
62
General Notes For FVC Flange Facings
FVC connections are available with numerous standard and special facings.The more popular standard facings are described on the following pages.Customers are requested to furnish details for any special facings desired.
The facing height and outside diameter are specified in the standard productdimensional tables. The serrations are spiral and are in accordance with therequirements of the latest issue of ASME B16.5 and MSS-SP6.
All pressure class flanges may be ordered flat faced. On 150# and 300# ratedflanges, the raised face normally furnished will be removed by machining. Theresulting minimum flange thickness will be 0.06 inch less than that specifiedas dimension “T” in the standard product dimensional tables. On flanges rated400# and above, the raised face normally furnished will also be removed bymachining. However, the resulting flange thickness will not be less than thespecified dimension “T”.
As an alternate, all flat face flanges may be ordered as “full-face”-”flat face”.In this case, 150# and 300# rated flanges will have a resulting minimumflange thickness of no less than that specified as dimension “T”. Any 400# andhigher rated flanges will be provided with a minimum flange thickness of thatspecified as dimension “T” plus 0.25 inch.
In all cases, the entire flange surface will be finished to a roughness not ex-ceeding 250 AARH, unless otherwise specified by the customer.
All options mentioned above are per ASME B16.5 Standards.
Except as otherwise specified, no finish machining will be performed onrough forgings. No holes will be drilled. A minimum of 0.12 inch will beprovided on all surfaces for customer machining. Facing heights exceedingthose of a standard raised face must be indicated.
The table on pages 64 and 65 gives the dimensions applicable to ring typejoint facings. The side walls of the gasket groove are finished to a surfaceroughness not exceeding 63 microinches.
The dimensional details of other standard facings are presented in thetable on the following page.
Notes:1. These dimensions apply to all ASME pressure classes except that the large facings are not available on Class 150 flanges.2. Facing heights and groove depths must be added to basic “T” dimensions but they are included in overall length “OAL”.
TechnicalTechnical
THIS TABLE LISTS THE DIMENSIONS FOR STANDARD MALE, FEMALE, TONGUE AND GROOVE FACINGSAVAILABLE ON ALL FVC CONNECTIONS.
Notes: (A) Dimensions and tolerances are per ASME B16.5. (B) The facing thickness “E” is in addition to “T” dimension. “E” is includedin overall length “OAL”. (C) “K” and “R” dimensions are minimum dimensions.
Pressure-Temperature RatingsTHE FOLLOWING TABLE AND NOTES DETAIL THE MATERIALS FOR THE ASME B16.5
PRESSURE-TEMPERATURE CHARTS:
General Note:Plate materials are listed only for use as blind flanges. For more details see ASME B16.5.
Notes:a. Permissible but not recommended for prolonged use above about 800°F (425°C).b. Permissible but not recommended for prolonged use above about 850°F (455°C).c. Permissible but not recommended for prolonged use above about 1100°F (593°C).d. Not to be used over 650°F (343°C).f. Not to be used over 800°F (425°C).g. Not to be used over 850°F (455°C).h. Not to be used over 1000°F (540°C).i. For service temperature 1050°F (566°C) and above, assurance must be provided that grain size is not finer than ASTM No. 6.j. Only killed steel may be used above 850°F (455°C).k. Use normalized and tempered material only.l. At temperatures over 1000°F (540°C), use only when the carbon content is 0.04 percent or higher.m. For temperatures over 1000°F (540°C), use only if the material is heat treated by heating it to a temperature of at least 1900°F
(1040°C) and quenching in water or rapidly cooling by other means.n. For service temperatures of 1050°F (566°C) and above, assurance must be provided that grain size is not finer than ASTM No. 6.o. To be used only for Class 150 and Class 300 flanges.
Notes: 1. See temperature notes for all materials (page 68).2. Pressures are in pounds per square inch, gage (psig)t 316L ONLY* material Group 1.1 includes: SA-105, SA-515-70, SA-516-70, SA-350-LF2, SA-537 C1.1
Flange Bolting InformationDimensions of Bolts with Heavy Hex Heads and Nuts (ASME B18.2)
FVC NutNom. Stop Dia. =
Bolt Threads Root Across Across Nut Flange BoltSize Per Inch Area Flats Corners Thick. Circle Less:
Thread Dimensions Nut Dimensions
74
Technical
atmospheres .................. ft of water (at 4° C) ........ 33.90atmospheres .................. in of mercury (at 0° C) ... 29.92atmospheres .................. kgs/sq cm ....................... 1.0333atmospheres .................. pounds/sq in ................... 14.70
ergs/sec ......................... horsepower .................... 1.341 x 10-10
feet ................................. centimeters .................... 30.48feet ................................. meters ............................ 0.3048feet ................................. millimeters ...................... 304.8feet ................................. inches ............................. 12.0feet of water ................... atmospheres .................. 0.02950feet of water ................... in of mercury .................. 0.8826feet of water ................... pounds/sq ft ................... 62.43feet of water ................... poundsisq in ................... 0.4335fahrenheit ....................... centigrade ...................... (°F- 32) x 5/9foot-pounds .................... BTU ................................ 1.286 x 10-3
foot-pounds .................... ergs ................................ 1.356 x 107
gallons ............................ cu cms ............................ 3,785.0gallons ............................ cu feet ............................ 0.1337gallons ............................ cu inches ........................ 231.0gallons ............................ cu meters ....................... 3.785 x 10-3
grams/cu cm .................. pounds/cu ft ................... 62.43grams/cu cm .................. pounds/cu in ................... 0.03613grams/sq cm .................. pounds/sq ft ................... 2.0481
inches ............................. millimeters ...................... 25.40inches ............................. mils ................................. 1,000.0inches ............................. feet ................................. 0.0833inches of mercury .......... atmospheres .................. 0.03342inches of mercury .......... inches of water ............... 13.6inches of mercury .......... feet of water ................... 1.1333inches of mercury .......... kgs/sq cm ....................... 0.03453inches of mercury .......... kgs/sq meter .................. 345.3inches of mercury .......... pounds/sq ft ................... 70.73inches of mercury .......... pounds/sq in ................... 0.4912inches of water (at 4°C) . atmospheres .................. 2.458 x 10-3
inches of water (at 4°C) . inches of mercury .......... 0.07355inches of water (at 4°C) . kgs/sq cm ....................... 2.540 x 10-3
inches of water (at 4°C) . Ounces/sq in .................. 0.5781inches of water (at 4°C) . pounds/sq ft ................... 5.204inches of water (at 4°C) . pounds/sq In ................... 0.03613
joules .............................. BTU ................................ 9.480 x 10-4
kilograms ....................... tons (short) ..................... 1.102 x 10-3
kilograms/cu meter ........ grams/cu cm .................. 0.001
ConversionsChange To Multiply by Change To Multiply by
75
Technical
kilograms/cu meter ........ pounds/cu ft ................... 0.06243kilograms/cu meter ........ pounds/cu in ................... 3.613 x 10-5
kilograms/cu meter ........ pounds/mil-foot .............. 3.405 x 10-10
kilograms/meter ............. pounds/ft ........................ 0.6720kilograms/sq cm ............. dynes .............................. 980,665.0kilograms/sq cm ............. atmospheres .................. 0.9678kilograms/sq cm ............. feet of water ................... 32.81kilograms/sq cm ............. Inches of mercury .......... 28.96kilograms/sq cm ............. pounds/sq ft ................... 2,048.0kilograms/sq cm ............. pounds/sq in ................... 14.22kilograms/sq meter ........ atmospheres .................. 9.678 x 10-5
kilograms/sq meter ........ bars ................................ 98.07 x 10-6
kilograms/sq meter ........ feet of water ................... 3.281 x 10-3
kilograms/sq meter ........ Inches of mercury .......... 2.896 x 10-3
kilograms/sq meter ........ pounds/sq ft ................... 0.2048kilograms/sq meter ........ pounds/sq in ................... 1.422 x 10-3
kilograms/sq mm ........... kgs/sq meter .................. 10-6
pounds/sq ft ................... feet of water ................... 0.01602pounds/sq ft ................... inches of mercury .......... 0.01414pounds/sq ft ................... kgs/sq meter .................. 4,882pounds/sq ft ................... pounds/sq in ................... 6.944 x 10-3
Pounds/sq in .................. atmospheres .................. 0.06804Pounds/sq in .................. inches of water ............... 27.68Pounds/sq in .................. feet of water ................... 2.307Pounds/sq in .................. inches of mercury .......... 2.036Pounds/sq in .................. kgs/sq meter .................. 703.1Pounds/sq in .................. pounds/sq ft ................... 144.0
short tons ....................... pounds ........................... 2,000.0short tons ....................... long tons ......................... 0.89285slug ................................. kilogram ......................... 14.59slug ................................. pounds ........................... 32.17square centimeters ........ sq feet ............................ 1.076 x 10-3
Example #2Finding the total thickness of an 18" — 300# studding outlet set thru a 48" ODASME F&D head with 42" DISH Radius. Maintaining minimum thickness ispriority. Minimum thickness for this example will be established as 3.25 inches.
From chart find column with head crown radius (42") and move downto bore radius (9") to find “Sweep Loss” #1 (0.98"). Then move downto connection radius (14") to find “Sweep Loss” #2 (2.40").
1. Any Sales Tax, Manufacturer’s Tax, or Use tax imposed by Federal, State or Municipal Law is to be addedto the prices and assumed by purchaser.
2. Seller is not responsible for delays, defaults, or damages occasioned by any causes beyond seller’s controlincluding, without limitation, governmental actions or orders, embargoes, strikes, fires and floods. In anyevent, partial deliveries shall be permitted at seller’s option.
3. Cancellations, of orders placed with and accepted by us, can be made only with our written consent. Uponrequest to cancel, we will advise amount of cancellation charges, in addition to charges for dies, work inprocess, products produced, including machine work, etc., and all liability for raw materials. Should youchange your material specification for your order after we have ordered or received the material, you are toassume all liability for the material covered by your initial specification.
4. It is understood that dies, tools, and patterns required to produce the article quoted on shall remain theproperty of FVC, Inc. Preparation charges or charges for dies, tools, and patterns represents only a portionof cost. Payment of such charge does not give you any right, title, or interest in such dies, tools, or otherproducts of preparation.
5. Purchaser represents that purchaser is solvent and can and will pay for products delivered to purchaser inaccordance with the terms hereof. However, seller retains the right to require full payment in advance if inseller’s sole discretion the financial position of the purchaser so requires.
6. THERE ARE NO WARRANTIES WHICH EXTEND BEYOND THE DESCRIPTION ON THE FACEHEREOF EXCEPTING ONLY THAT EACH PRODUCT SOLD HEREUNDER IS WARRANTED TO BEFREE FROM MANUFACTURING DEFECTS, AND IF DEFECTIVE, WILL EITHER BE REPAIRED ORREPLACED WITHOUT CHARGE OR THE PURCHASE PRICE WILL BE REFUNDED, AT THE OP-TION OF SELLER. SELLER MAKES NO OTHER WARRANTY, EITHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED.SELLER’S LIABILITY IS LIMITED TO THE SALE PRICE OF THE PARTICULAR PRODUCT. IN NOEVENT SHALL SELLER BE LIABLE FOR ANY CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR FOR EXPENSEOCCASIONED BY THE USE OF DEFECTIVE PRODUCTS. SELLER’S LIABILITIES AS ABOVE SETOUT SHALL NOT BE EXTENDED BECAUSE OF ADVICE GIVEN BY SELLER IN CONNECTIONWITH THE DESIGN, INSTALLATION OR USE OF ANY PRODUCT. PURCHASER AGREES THAT IFTHE PRODUCTS SOLD HEREUNDER ARE BY PURCHASER RE-SOLD, PURCHASER WILL IN-CLUDE IN THE CONTRACT FOR RE-SALE, PROVISIONS WHICH LIMIT RECOVERIES AGAINSTTHIS SELLER IN ACCORDANCE WITH THIS PARAGRAPH.
7. Claims for shortages must be filed within ten days of receipt of shipment.8. We assume no responsibility if the manufacture and sale to you of the items specified by you is an infringe-
ment of patent rights of other persons, you assume responsibility for and will protect us from such infringe-ment liability, except as to our own manufacturing equipment and processes.
9. Stenographic or clerical errors are subject to correction.10. Deferred deliveries are subject to FVC, Inc. written approval.11. Purchases from us may not be returned without our written consent.12. These terms and conditions shall control in any contract resulting from or arising out of this quotation, price
sheet, or acknowledgement, regardless of printed terms, conditions or provisions found in responses heretoor documents giving rise hereto, all of such printed matters incorporated there in being deemed waivedinsofar as the same differ from these terms and conditions, unless such differing terms, conditions or provi-sions shall be specifically asserted for inclusion in written form other than printing and be specificallyaccepted by seller as a change in these terms and conditions by express reference in writing. The applicabil-ity of this paragraph is an express condition to any contract being formed between us.
13. Catalog product presentations including catalog dimensions, designs and specifications are representativeof product availability at time of publication only. Actual geometry dimensions and designs are subject todesigns and manufacturing changes without notice.
14. Material quoted as being available from stock is normally available for immediate shipment but subject toprior sale.
15. The above and foregoing terms and conditions are the final expressions of the terms and conditions of thecontract which may be or is formed between us and they are intended also as a complete and exhaustivestatement of the terms and conditions of such agreement.
16. All published prices are/or may be subject to a surcharge to customers, who, by reason of current or priortrade or business practices or course of dealings with FVC have increased or may increase marketing ordistribution costs.