lus lx +;f lj?4sf ] ;r ]tgf k 'l:tsf · 2015-06-24 · 1 n}ª\lus lx +;f lj?4sf ] ;r ]tgf k 'l:tsf kl/R5]b – Ps kf7\oj |mdsf p2 ]Zo / ;dfj ]zLs/0f k[i7e "ld k/Dk/fut ¿kdf kf7\oj

$Page 1: lus lx +;f lj?4sf ] ;r ]tgf k 'l:tsf · 2015-06-24 · 1 n}ª\lus lx +;f lj?4sf ] ;r ]tgf k 'l:tsf kl/R5]b – Ps kf7\oj |mdsf p2 ]Zo / ;dfj ]zLs/0f k[i7e "ld k/Dk/fut ¿kdf kf7\oj$

n}ª\lus lx+;f lj?4sf] ;r]tgf k'l:tsf

@)^&

g]kfn ;/sf/ lzIff dGqfno

kf7\oj|md ljsf; s]Gb| ;fgf]l7dL, eStk'/

xfd|f] egfO n}ª\lus lx+;f lgoGq0f / lx+;faf6 dlxnf tyf aflnsfnfO{ ;+/If0f k|bfg ug{sf nflu g]kfn ;/sf/n] ;g\ @)!) nfO{ æn}ª\lus lx+;f lj?4sf] jif{Æ egL 3f]if0ff u/]sf] 5 . ;f]xL cg'¿k sfo{of]hgf;d]t th'{df ePsf] 5 . pSt sfo{of]hgfn] n}ª\lus lx+;fnfO{ ;Daf]wg ug{ cfjZos kg]{ sfo{j|md / lj|mofsnfkx¿ to u/L ljleGg dGqfno, lgsfo / ;ª\3;++:yf Pjd\ ;fem]bf/x¿sf] e"ldsfnfO{ :ki6 ls6fg u/]sf] 5 . ;f]xL cg'¿k lzIff dGqfnocGtu{t n}ª\lus lx+;f lj?4;/f]sf/jfnf ;a}nfO{ ljleGg r]tgfd"ns sfo{j|md ;~rfng u/L r]tgf clej[l4 ug]{ tyf ;d'bfob]lv /fli6«o:t/;Dd lx+;flj?4 z"Go ;xgzLntfnfO{ k|j4{g ug]{ p2]Zo cg'¿k ljBfnodf cWofkg/t lzIfs tyf ljBfyL{ Pjd\ ljBfno lzIff Joj:yfkg;“u ;Da4 ;a} ;/f]sf/nfnfO{ n}ª\lus lx+;f lj?4 yk hfgsf/L tyf ;"rgf k|bfg ug]{ p2]Zoaf6 of] ;fdu|L ljsf; ul/Psf] xf] . o;sf] lzIf0fl;sfO lj|mofsnfkdf x'g] k|of]u tyf :jcWoogaf6 ;DalGwt ;/f]sf/jfnfdf ;r]tgf j[l4 x'g hfg] / ;dfhdf x'g] n}ª\lus lx+;fsf 36gfdf sdL Nofpg d2t k'¥ofpg] p2]Zo of] ;fdu|Ln] lnPsf] 5 . n}ª\lus lx+;f Ps ;fdflhs snª\s xf] . dlxnf ePs} cfwf/df dlxnfnfO{ ul/g] e]befjk"0f{ Jojxf/, afn ljjfx, bfOhf], af]S;Lsf] cf/f]kdf lbOg] oftgf, k/Dk/fut n}ª\lus e"ldsf, a]rljvg, of}g b'Jo{jxf/ cflb n}ª\lus lx+;fsf ¿k x'g\ . o:tf n}ª\lus lx+;f lj?4 ;dfh hfu?s eP/ cl3 a9\g'kb{5 . lzIfs ;dfhsf cu'jf cyf{t\ kyk|bz{s x'g\ . pgLx¿nfO{ o:tf ljifoj:t'df ;r]t u/fpg'sf] ;fy} afnaflnsfdf n}ª\lus lx+;f lj?4 z"Go ;xgzLntfsf] ljsf; / k|j4{g ug]{ afgLsf] ljsf; u/fpg of] ;fdu|L ;xof]uLl;4 x'g] ck]Iff ul/Psf] 5 . kf7\oj|md ljsf; s]Gb|åf/f tof/ kfl/Psf] o; k'l:tsfdf ;dfj]zL kf7\oj|mddf n}ª\lustfsf] cjwf/0ff, n}ª\lus lx+;f / o;sf] lgjf/0f, n}ª\lus ;jfndf /fli6«o cGt//fli6«o k|of;x¿, dfgj clwsf/ / To;sf] sfof{Gjog cj:yf h:tf ljifoj:t'x¿ ;d]l6Psf] 5 . k|:t't ;fdu|Lsf] ljsf; >L 6]sgf/fo0f kf08], 8f= cfgGb kf}8]n, >L /]0f'sf kf08], >L ljGb' e08f/L / >L sdnf kf08] ;lDdlnt sfo{bnaf6 ePsf] xf] . ;fdu|L ljsf;sf j|mddf >L l8saxfb'/ /fO{, >L lbgfgfy uf}tdsf] klg of]ubfg /x]sf] 5 . o;sf] efiff ;Dkfbg >L lji0f'k|;fb clwsf/Laf6 ljifoj:t' ;Dkfbg >L sdnf kf08]af6 / 6fOk n]cfp6 l8hfOg >L clgtf ld>af6 ePsf] xf] . of] ;fdu|Lsf] k|of]uaf6 n}ª\lus lx+;f Go"gLs/0fdf of]ubfg k'Ug] cfzf ul/Psf] 5 . cGTodf o; ;fdu|LnfO{ cem a9L ;"rgfd"ns, k|efjsf/L Pjd\ ;d;fdlos agfpg] j|mddf ;DalGwt ;a}af6 o; s]Gb| /rgfTds ;'emfjsf] ck]Iff ub{5 . lzIff dGqfno kf7\oj|md ljsf; s]Gb| ;fgf]l7dL, eStk'/

ljifo;"rL

j|m=;+= ljifoj:t' k]h g+=

!= kf7\oj|mdsf p2]Zo / ;dfj]zLs/0f !

@= n}ª\lus cjwf/0ff #

#= dfgjclwsf/M dlxnf clwsf/ / g]kfndf ePsf sfg'gL Joj:yfx¿ !)

$= n}ª\lus lx+;f / To;sf :j¿k !(

%= n}ª\lus lx+;fsf] lg/fs/0f @&

^= dlxnf ljsf;;DaGwL cGt//fli6«o k|of;x¿ #&

1 n}ª\lus lx+;f lj?4sf] ;r]tgf k'l:tsf

kl/R5]b – Ps

kf7\oj|mdsf p2]Zo / ;dfj]zLs/0f

k[i7e"ld

k/Dk/fut ¿kdf kf7\oj|mdnfO{ ;Lldt u/L ;f“u'/f] cy{df lng] ul/GYof] . kf7\oj|mdsf] eGgfn] s]jn kf7\oj:t' / kf7\of+z eGg] a'lemGYof] eg] jt{dfg ;dodf kf7\oj|mdsf] If]q lgs} km/flsnf] / Jofks x'“b} uPsf] 5 . kf7\oj|mdn] afnaflnsfsf] rf}tkmL{ ljsf;nfO{ ;d]6\g'kg]{ ePsfn] of] s]jn kf7\oj:t'sf] ¿kdf ;Lldt x'g ;Sb}g . kf7\oj|mdsf lglZrt\ p2]Zox¿ x'G5g\ . log} p2]Zosf] cfwf/df ljifoj:t', lzIf0fl;sfO lj|mofsnfk ;~rfng / d"Nofª\sg ug]{ ul/G5 . xfd|f] kf7\oj|mdsf p2]Zox¿n] s]slt dfqfdf ;dfj]zL ;dfh ljsf;df Wofg lbg ;s]sf 5g\ eGg] ;Gbe{df ljZn]if0f ubf{ k|fylds txsf] p2]Zodf ljleGg hfthflt, wd{, efiff ;+:s[lt / If]qk|lt ;defj hufO{ ;dfj]zL ;dfhsf] lgdf{0fdf ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] eGg] p2]Zo /x]sf] kfOG5 . To;}u/L dfgjclwsf/ tyf ;fdflhs d"NodfGotfk|lt ;r]t eO{ lhDd]jf/k"0f{ cfr/0fsf] ljsf; ug]{ p2]Zon] klg ;a}sf] clwsf/sf] ;Ddfg ;+/If0fdf Wofg lbPsf] kfOG5 . dfWolds txsf] kf7\oj|mdn] lnª\u, ckfª\utf, ;fdflhs cfly{s, ef}uf]lns, hftLo / ;f+:s[lts ljljwtfsf cfwf/df x'g] j}olSts ljleGgtfsf] ;Ddfg ug]{ / hfthflt, 5'jf5't h:tf ;fdflhs s'/Lltk|lt ;r]t /xL ;dfj]zL ;dfh lgdf{0fdf ;lj|mo /xg] p2]Zo /fv]af6 kf7\oj|mdsf p2]Zon] ;dfj]zLs/0fdf hf]8 lbPsf] kfOG5 . /fli6«o kf7\oj|md k|f¿kn] to u/]sf lzIffsf /fli6«o p2]Zodf klg æ;fdflhs ;dfgtf / Gofoaf/] lrGtg ub}{ tbg'¿ksf] cfr/0f ljsf; ug]{ / ;dfj]zL ;dfh lgdf{0fdf d2t ug]{Æ p2]Zo /x]sf] 5 . oL ;a}nfO{ b[li6ut ubf{ kf7\oj|mdsf] cy{ Jofks ¿kdf nufpg' kg]{ b]lvG5 . dfly k|:t't ;Gbe{df ljBfnoleq / aflx/ ;~rfng ul/g] sfo{j|mdx¿sf] k"0f{ ;“ufnf] kf7\oj|md eGg'k5{ .

kf7\oj|md hlt;'s} ;dfj]zL eP klg To;sf] sfof{Gjog ;xL lsl;dn] x'g ;s]g eg] ck]lIft kl/0ffd lbg ;Sb}g . kf7\oj|mdsf] d'Vo sfof{Gjogstf{ lzIfs x'g\ . sltko ;Gbe{df lzIfsn] kf7\oj|mddf pNn]v gePsf t/ ljBfyL{nfO{ cTofjZos kg]{ ljifoj:t'x¿ cgf}krfl/s ¿kd} klg hfgsf/L u/fpg'kg]{ x'G5 . To;s} nflu lzIfsnfO{ yk 1fg ;Lk xfl;n u/fpg ljleGg ;Gbe{ ;fdu|L÷;|f]t ;fdu|L tyf ;r]tgf ;fdu|L ljsf; / ljt/0f ug'{kg]{ x'G5 . kf7\oj|md g} ;a}yf]s geO{ o;sf] sfof{Gjogsf] j|mddf n'Kt kf7\oj|md (Hidden Curriculum) sf] klg plQs} k|efj /xg] s'/fnfO{ o:tf ;fdu|Lx¿n] phfu/ u/]sf x'G5g\ .

kf7\oj|mddf ;dfj]z ul/Psf p2]Zo / ljifoj:t'n] dfq jf:tljs Jojxf/nfO{ ;Daf]wg ug{ ;Sb}gg\ . sltko ;Gbe{df n'Kt kf7\oj|mdsf] k|efj klg TolQs} ;jn x'G5 . xfd|f kf7\oj|mdx¿n] sxL st} n}ª\lus e]befj ug'{kb{5 geg] tfklg Jojxf/df hfg]/ ghfg]/ xfdLx¿n] e]befj ul//x]sf x'G5f}“ . ljBfnodf lzIfsn], ;xkf7Ln], 3/kl/jf/df cleefjsn] o:tf Jojxf/x¿ ul//x]sf x'G5g\ . s'g} sfd 5fqfn] ug'{k5{, 5f]/L dfG5]n] o:tf] sfd ug'{kb{5, o:tf] ljifo k9\g'kb{5, o:tf] sfd ug{ ;Sb}gf}“ eGg] h:tf s'/fx¿n] n}ª\lus e]befj a9fpg d2t u/]sf x'G5g\ . To;tkm{ xfdLn] plrt Wofglbg' cfjZos x'G5 . af}l4s / dfgl;s ¿kdf dlxnf / k'?if ;dfg 5g\ . k|fs[lts lnª\usf] cfwf/df


ePsf km/skg afx]s ;a} sfd dlxnf k'?if b'j}n] ug{ ;Ifd 5g\ eGg] ;f]rfOsf] ljsf; u/fpg 3/kl/jf/, ljBfno, sfo{:yn cflb ;a} If]qdf Jofks hgr]tgf hufpg], dlxnfsf] pNn]vgLo sfdsf] k|rf/k|;f/ ug]{ ug'{kb{5 . sltko ;Gbe{df lzIfssf cfr/0f, afgL Jojxf/sf] k|ToIf k|efj ljBfyL{df kg{ hfG5 . To;}]n] lzIfs ;w}“ pbfx/0fLo JolStTjsf ¿kdf k|:t't x'g'kb{5 . 5fq / 5fqfaLr ;dfg Jojxf/ ug'{kb{5 . s'g} zAb jf jfSodf dfqn] jf lzIFssf] s'g} xfpefpn] g} klg ljBfyL{df c;/ kl//x]sf] x'g ;Sb5 . ctM lnlvt kf7\oj|mdsf] sfof{Gjogdf k|rf/0f ug{ grfx]sf] ljifoj:t'x¿ u|x0f ug{ ;Sg] ePsfn] To:tf] ljifoj:t'n] k|:t't ljifoj:t'nfO{ ;d]t k|efj kfg{ ;Sg] ePsfn] o;af/] rgfvf] /xg' cfjZos 5 . o;/L k|rf/0f ug{ grfx]sf] ljifoj:t' h'g ljBfyL{x¿ u|x0f ub{5 . Tof] g} n'Kt kf7\ojmd xf] . o;sf] gsf/fTds k|efjaf/] rgfvf] /xg cfjZos 5 . o;nfO{ tnsf] 36gfaf6 a'em\g ;lsG5 .

Ps k|fylds ljBfnodf @%) hgf ljBfyL{x¿ cWoog ub{y] . To; ljBfnodf sIff % ;Dd k9fO x'GYof] . ljBFnodf ! dlxnf lzIfs nufot % hgf lzIfsx¿ x'g'x'GYof] . lbp“;f]sf] vfhf vfg] 5'6\6Lsf] ;dodf ljBfyL{x¿ ljBFnosf] rf}/df ljleGg yl/sf v]nx¿ v]Ng] ub{y] . ljBfnodf v]ns'bsf ;fdu|Lx¿ klg 5g\ . an, l/ª\u, 8f]/L, lj|ms]6sf ;fdfg cflb ljBfyL{x¿n] lzIfs;“u dfu]/ n}hfg] / v]ln;s]kl5 NofP/ /fVg] rng lyof] . Pslbgsf] s'/f xf] sIff $ sf 5fqfx¿n] lzIfs;“u an dfu] t/ lzIfsn] o:tf] hjfkm lbg'eof] æs]6Lx¿n] t l/ª\u, 8f]/L kf] v]Ng'kb{5 . an t s]6fx¿sf nflu xf] . v]Ng] eP l/ª\u n}hfpm .Æ lzIfssf] o:tf] Jojxf/n] pgLx¿ ;fx|} b'MvL eP Tof] lbgb]lv pgLx¿n] cfkm} k'/fgf sk8fsf] an agfP/ v]Ng yfn] . ltg} ljBfyL{x¿dWo] s]xL clxn] /fli6«o:t/sf dlxnf km'6an v]nf8L aGg ;kmn ePsf 5g\ .

sltko ;Gbe{df kf7\oj|mdn] ;a} kIfdf :ki6 kfg{ g;s]sf] klg x'g ;Sb5 . To;tkm{ plrt Wofg k'¥ofpg' Ps c;n lzIfssf] st{Jo xf] . ljBfnodf x'g] x/]s lj|mofsnfkdf 5fq 5fqfnfO{ ;dfg ¿kdf ;xefuL u/fpg'kb{5 . ljz]if u/L 5fqfx¿nfO{ k|f]T;fxg ldNg] n}ª\lus ;+j]bgzLn Jofjxf/ k|bz{gdf hf]8 lbg] ug'{kb{5 . kf7\oj|md g} ;Dk"0f{ xf] eGg'eGbf klg n'Kt kf7\oj|md tkm{ klg Wofg lbg' cfjZos x'G5 .

Psk6s ;f]rf}“ !

st} xfdLn] klg 5fq 5fqfaLr e]befjk"0f{ Jojxf/ u/]sf t 5}gf}“ . zf/Ll/s ¿kdf lbOg] oftgf dfq lx+;f xf]Og, dfgl;s ¿kdf cf3ft k'Ug] sfd klg lx+;f xf] . of] cf3ftaf6 l;s]sf s'/fx¿ n'Kt kf7\oj|mdsf k|efj x'g\ .


kl/R5]b – b'O{

n}ª\lus cjwf/0ff

k[i7e"ld

;fdfGotof n}ª\lus zAbsf] k|of]u of}g zAb;“u ;DalGwt eP/ x]g]{ ul/G5 . of}g zAbn] k'?if jf dlxnf x'g'sf] cj:yfnfO{ b;f{p5 eg] n}ª\lus zAb of}gdf cfwfl/t eP tfklg o;sf] cy{ If]q / dxŒj Jofks ¿kdf km}lnPsf] 5 . n}ª\lus ljifo ljsf;sf] Ps dxŒjk"0f{ ljifosf] ¿kdf cufl8 cfPsf] 5 . ljsf;df dlxnfsf] cjwf/0ffaf6 ;'?jft ePsf] of] ljifo dlxnf / ljsf; x'“b} xfnsf] cj:yfdf cfPsf] xf] cyf{t\ n}ª\lus / ljsf; clxn]sf] kl5Nnf] cjwf/0ff xf] . o; cjwf/0ffn] dlxnfsf] sNof0f, PskIfLo ljsf;nfO{ dfq gx]/L dlxnf / k'?ifsf] ;dfg ljsf;nfO{ cjnDag ub{5 . s'g} klg ;dfhsf] ljsf;sf nflu n}ª\lus ;dljsf; cToGt cfjZos 5 . cfw'lgs ljZjdf n}ª\lus ljifonfO{ kl/jt{gsf] cfwf/df ljsf;sf] cfwf/e"t ;"rssf] ¿kdf lnOPsf] kfOG5 . o; ljifonfO{ a'em\g, cWoog ljZn]if0f ug{ / o;sf] e"ldsf :yflkt ug{ o;;“u ;DalGwt ljleGg kIf;“u kl/lrt x'g' cfjZos x'G5 .

n}ª\lus cjwf/0ff;DaGwL ljljw kIfx¿

k|fs[lts lnª\u -sex_M dflg;nfO{ h}ljs agfj6sf cfwf/df dlxnf / k'?if 5'6\ofpg ;lsG5 . of] k|fs[lts leGgtf xf] . x/]s ;d'bfodf Ps} k|sf/sf] cjwf/0ff x'G5 / :yfoL k|s[ltsf] x'G5 . zf/Ll/s agfj6sf] cfwf/df dflg;nfO{ 5'6\ofpg] dfWod k|fs[lts lnª\u xf] .

;fdflhs lnª\u -Gender_M dlxnf / k'?if aLrdf /x]sf] ;fdflhs cj:yf / leGgtfx¿ ;dfhn] tf]lslbPsf] dlxnf / k'?ifsf] km/skm/s e"ldsf g} n}ª\lus xf] . ;dfh ;+:s[ltcg';f/ km/s x'g] of] cjwf/0ff kl/jt{gzLn x'G5 . dflg;sf] hGdkZrft\ dlxnf / k'?if jf 5f]/f / 5f]/Lsf af/]df ;dfhn] v8f u/]sf] ;fdflhs ;f+:s[lts klxrfg h;n] dgf]Jojxf/ ljz]iftf, d"No dfGotf, x}l;ot / Ifdtfsf] cfwf/df dlxnf / k'?ifnfO{ leGgleGg b[li6sf]0fdf /fv]sf] x'G5 . h}ljs leGgtfsf cfwf/df dfq} dlxnf / k'?ifnfO{ Jojxf/ ug'{ x'Gg . pgLx¿sf] cfjZostf, ck]Iff / sfo{Ifdtf ;d]tnfO{ ljz]if Wofg lbg'kg]{ dfGotf /fv]sf] x'G5 . lnª\u hGdhft xf] eg] n}ª\lus ;dfhdf k|blz{t x'g] Jojxf/hGo ljz]iftf jf cfrf/0fsf cfwf/df ;dfhn] k|bfg u/]sf] d"No xf] . of] ;do ;fk]If / ;dfhlkR5] km/s x'G5 .

;dfh / ;+:s[ltlkR5] dlxnf / k'?ifsf e"ldsf, sfo{ pkl:ylt, klxrfg / cl:tTjnfO{ km/skm/s ¿kdf x]l/Psf], vf]lhPsf] jf :jLsfl/Psf] x'G5 .


ofb /fvf}“

3/ aflx/sf] pTkfbgd"ns lj|mofsnfkdf k'?ifsf] lhDd]jf/L x'G5 . dlxnf 3/ leqsf] k|hgg\ hGo / cg'Tkfbs lj|mofsnfkdf ;+nUg x'g'kb{5 eGg] unt wf/0ff xf] . dlxnfn] klg cj;/ kx'“r / lgoGq0fdf ;dgtf kfpg ;s] k'?if ;/x 3/ aflx/sf lj|mofsnfkdf klg ;xefuL x'g\ / ;kmn x'g ;S5g\ eGg] wf/0ff ljsf; u/f}“ . k'?ifju{ bftf x'g\ dlxnf lgl:j|mo k|fks x'g\ eGg] unt ;fdflhs ;f+:s[lts ;f]rfOsf] cGTo ug'{ cfjZos 5 . o:tf unt ;f]rfO / wf/0ffn] ;dfhdf n}ª\lus lx+;fnfO{ a9fjf lbO/x]sf] x'G5

n}ª\lus ;dtf -Gender Equity_

dlxnf / k'?ifaLr ljBdfg ;fdflhs, ;f+:s[lts / cGo kIfsf leGgtfsf cfwf/df cj;/, kx'“r, pkof]u / lgoGq0fdf /x]sf] c;dfgtfnfO{ lg/fs/0f u/L k"0f{ ;dfgtfsf l:yltdf Nofpgsf nflu cjnDag ul/g] pkfonfO{ n}ª\lus ;dtf elgG5 . ;fdflhs, /fhgLlts, cfly{s ;|f]t ;fwgdf kx'“r, cj;/ / lgoGq0fdf ;dfgtf sfod x'g;Sg] cj:yfsf] l;h{gf ug{ dlxnf / k'?if b'j}df ;Ifdtfsf] ljsf; ug{ rflxg] kxnsbdL g} n}ª\lus ;dtf xf] . dlxnf / k'?ifsf km/skm/s e"ldsf x'G5g\ . tL e"ldsf lgjf{x ug]{ j|mddf k'?ifsf] bf“hf]df dlxnf k5fl8 k/]sf x'G5g\ . To;sf] c;/ sd u/L dlxnf / k'?ifnfO{ ;“u;“u} cl3 a9fpg cyjf a/fa/Lsf] x}l;otdf k'¥ofpg ul/g] ;d Jojxf/ ;dtf xf] . o;n] sfg'gL ;'wf/ jf kl/k"0f{tfsf] l;4fGtsf nflu cK7\of/f] kl/l:yltdf ul/g] ;xof]unfO{ hgfp“5 .

dlxnf / k'?if, afns / aflnsfnfO{ hGdhft ljz]iftfs} cfwf/df ;dfg x}l;otdf pEofpg Ps} lsl;dsf] Jojxf/n] dfq k'Ub}g To;sf] nflu s]xL km/s z}nL / pkfox¿ cjnDag ug'{kg]{ x'G5 . ;dfg lsl;dsf] pkrf/ x'“bf h}ljs ljleGgtfsf sf/0f k|ltkmn / k|efjdf leGgtf x'gk'Ub5 . To;}n] dlxnf / k'?ifsf] ;dfg cj:yf l;h{gf ug{ dlxnfx¿nfO{ s]xL km/s pkfon] pkrf/ jf cj;/ k|bfg ug'{kb{5 eGg] wf/0ff n}ª\lus ;dtfn] /fVb5 . o;sf nflu ;sf/fTds lje]b -Positive discrimination_, ;sf/fTds sfo{x¿ -Affirmative actions_ cf/If0f -Reservation_ h:tf sfo{j|mdx¿ ;~rfng ul/G5 . n}ª\lus ;dtf ;dfgtfdf k'Ug] dfu{ xf] .

n}ª\lus ;dfgtf -Gender Equality_

dlxnf / k'?ifaLr ;fwg ;|f]tsf] pkof]u / lgoGq0fdf x'g] ;dfgtf, ;fdflhs, cfly{s / /fhg}lts If]qdf x'g] ;dfg ;xeflutf dfgj ljsf;sf ;]jf ;'ljwfdf ;dfg cj;/ / kx'“rsf] cj:yf g} n}ª\lus ;dfgtf xf] . To:t} Ifdtf ljsf;df ;dfg cj;/ 3/fo;L Pjd\ ;fd'bflos lhDd]jf/L jxgdf dlxnf / k'?ifaLrsf] ;dfgtfnfO{ n}ª\lus ;dfgtfsf] ¿kdf lng ;lsG5 . n}ª\lus ;dfgtfn] s'g} klg JolStn] c¿n] eGbf cj;/, ;|f]t ;fwg, clwsf/, kx'“r / kmfObfx¿df ;dfgtfdf sdL x'g gx'g] wf/0ff /fVb5 . dflg;x¿ ;dfg hlGdPsf x'g\ . t;y{ ltgLx¿n] ;+;f/df pknAw x'g] ;a} ;fwg ;|f]t, cj;/ kmfObfx¿df ;dfg c+z /xg'kb{5 eGg] dfGotf n}ª\lus ;dfgtfsf] /x]sf] x'G5 . n}ª\lus ;dfgtf dlxnf / k'?ifaLrsf] ;dfgtfsf] cj:yf xf] . dlxnf / k'?ifaLr ;dfhdf ;dfg x}l;ot d"No, dfGotf / ;+:sf/df ;dfgtf sfod


eO{ n}ª\lustfsf cfwf/df s'g} klg lsl;dsf] e]befj gx'g] cj:yfnfO{ n}ª\lus ;dfgtfn] Oª\lut ub{5 . n}ª\lus ;dfgtf n}ª\lus cjwf/0ffsf] pRrtd\ ljGb' xf] . n}ª\lustf;DaGwL ;a} k|of;x¿sf] k|ltkmn g} n}ª\lus ;dfgtfsf] cj:yf xf] .

ofb /fvf}“ !

dflg; hlGd“bf ;dfg Ifdtf lnP/ hGd]sf] x'G5 . ;fdflhs ;f+:s[lts jftfj/0f, n}ª\lus k"jf{u|x jf wf/0ff, ;fdflhs e"ldsf cflbsf sf/0f Ifdtfdf km/s cfpg yfNb5 . To;tkm{ ljz]if Wofg lbO{ aflnsfx¿sf] dgf]lj1fgdf c;/ kg]{ Jofjxf/ -af]nLrfnL, pvfg 6'Ssf_ k|of]u gu/f}“ . aflnsfsf ;sf/fTds lj|mofsnfkx¿nfO{ dxŒjsf ;fy cufl8 NofO{ pTk|]l/t ug]{ u/f}“ . aflnsfsf] pT;fxdf gsf/fTds c;/ kg]{tkm{ ljz]if ;hstf ckgfO n}ª\lus ;dfgtf k|a4{g ug{ ;xof]u u/f}“ .

n}ª\lus ljZn]if0f -Gender Analysis_

dlxnf tyf k'?ifsf] ljleGg cj:yf, tYo tYofª\s s]nfpg' / l:yltsf] ¿k/]vf kQf nufpg' n}ª\lus ljZn]if0f xf] . ljsf;sf b[li6sf]0fn] dlxnf / k'?if jf afns / aflnsfsf] ljljw cj:yfsf] klxrfg x'g' cfjZos x'G5 . oxL ljZn]if0fsf cfwf/df s;nfO{ s:tf] sfo{j|mdsf] cfjZostf 5 eGg] klxrfg ug{ ;lsG5 . n}ª\lus ljZn]if0f ubf{ dlxnf / k'?ifsf] n}ª\lus cj:yf, n}ª\lus :t/, ;fdflhs cfly{s :t/, j}tlgs cj}tlgs sfd, lzIffsf] :t/, :jf:Yosf] cj:yf pTkfbs / cg'Tkfbs sfddf ;+nUgtf, ;|f]t ;fwg dflysf] kx'“r / lgoGq0fsf] cj:yf cflbsf cfwf/df ljZn]if0f ul/G5 . n}ª\lus ljZn]if0fn] n}ª\lus ;dfgtf sfod ug{ ug'{kg]{ lj|mofsnfksf] cfwf/zLnf k|fKt x'G5 .

n}ª\lus c;dfgtf -Gender Inequality_

/fHo Pjd\ ;d'bfosf pTkfbgzLn ;fwg ;|f]t, ;]jf ;'ljwf Pjd\ dfgj ljsf;sf cj;/df lnª\usf cfwf/df ul/g] km/s Jofjxf/, /f]sfj6 alxisf/ / lgisfzg g} n}ª\lus c;dfgtf xf] . of}lgstfsf cfwf/df dlxnf / k'?ifaLr sfo{ lhDd]jf/Ldf km/s, lx+;f / zf]if0f, zf/Ll/s dfgl;s oftgf, c;dfg Jofjxf/ jf sfo{nfO{ n}ª\lus c;dfgtfsf ¿kdf lng ;lsG5 . n}ª\lus c;dfgtf ;dfh ljsf;sf] afws tŒj xf] .

n}ª\lus ;+j]bgzLntf -Gender Sensitivity_

dlxnf / k'?ifsf efjgf / ;f]r km/skm/s x'G5g\ . To:tf] km/skgnfO{ cfTd;ft u/L plrt / cfjZos pkrf/ k|bfg ug]{ sfo{ g} n}ª\lus ;+j]bgzLntf xf] . s'g}klg cj:yf, lj|mofsnfk / Jojxf/n] dlxnf / k'?ifdf km/s k|efj kfb{5 eGg]tkm{ ;r]t eO ;f]xL cg'¿k k|:t't /xg ;Sg] dgf]Jojxfl/s IfdtfnfO{ n}ª\lus ;+j]bgzLntf elgG5 .


Wofg lbcf}“ !

gLlt lgdf{tfb]lv sfof{Gjogsf x/]s txdf /xg] JolSt n}ª\lus ;+j]bgzLn x'g'kb{5 . ljBfnodf k7gkf7gdf ;lj|mo lzIfs s]jn lzIfs dfq geP/ ;dfh kl/jt{gsf] ;+jfxs klg x'g\ . afns / aflnsfsf km/s :jefj, cfr/0f / Jojxf/k|lt lzIfs ;w}“ ;r]t x'g' h?/L x'G5 . lzIfs, cleefjs / ;d'bfosf] ;+o'St k|of;af6 aflnsfd}qL ljBfno jftfj/0f agfpg'kb{5 . ljBfyL{x¿nfO{ ;fg} pd]/b]lv n}ª\lus ;+j]bgzLn agfpg ;a}n] kxn ug'{kb{5 .

n}ª\lus e"ldsf -Gender Roles_

lnª\usf cfwf/df ;dfhn] lgwf{/0f u/]sf ;fdflhs e"ldsfx¿ g} n}ª\lus e"ldsf x'g\ . ;dfhn] kl/eflift u/]sf] / k|bfg u/]sf To:tf e"ldsfx¿ ;dosf] cGt/fn;“u} kl/jt{g x'“b} hfG5g\ . ;dfhdf JolStaf6 ck]lIft / JolStaf6 ul/g] ljleGg sfo{x¿, pQ/bfloTjx¿ / ck]Iffx¿nfO{ ;fdflhs e"ldsf elgG5, h'g lnª\usf] cfwf/df s]xL g s]xL ¿kdf km/s x'g;Sb5g\ . k|fs[lts ¿kdf dlxnf / k'?ifn] k|fKt u/]sf zf/Ll/s agfj6 / e"ldsfeGbf ;fdflhs e"ldsfx¿ a9L kl/jt{gzLn x'G5g\ . ;dfhsf] r]tgfsf] :t/, dfu / cfjZostfsf cfwf/df tL e"ldsfdf kl/jt{g x'“b} hfG5g\ . g]kfnL ;dfhsf] k/Dk/fut wf/0ffcg';f/ dlxnfn] 3/wGbf / afnaRrfsf] :ofxf/ ug'{kg]{ / k'?ifn] 3/aflx/sf cfocfh{gsf lj|mofsnfkdf ;+nUg eO{ ;Dk"0f{ kl/jf/sf] kfngkf]if0fsf] lhDd]jf/L lng'kg]{ e"ldsf lyof] . xfn o:tf] wf/0ffdf lj:tf/} kl/jt{g x'“b} cfPsf] xfdL kfp“5f}“ . cfhef]ln dlxnfx¿ klg 3/aflx/sf lj|mofsnfkdf ;+nUg x'“b} cfPsf 5g\ . ;dfhn] lgwf{/0f ul/lbPsf] n}ª\lus e"ldsfdf ge} Ifdtf / bIftfsf] cfwf/df n}ª\lus e"ldsf lgwf{/0f x'g'kb{5 . dlxnf / k'?if b'j}sf] cfk;L ;dembf/Laf6 o:tf e"ldsf lgwf{/0f x'g ;s]sf] v08 ;dfh / kl/jf/nfO{ ;kmntflt/ 8f]¥ofpg d2t ub{5 .

g]kfnL ;dfhdf :yflkt n}ª\lus e"ldsf

unt wf/0ff ;xL wf/0ff

dlxnf 3/leqsf] sfddf dfq ;Lldt x'g'kb{5 .

afnaflnsfsf] x]/rfx / efG5fsf] sfd dlxnfsf] lhDd]jf/L xf] .

5f]/LnfO{ lzIff lbg' p;sf] rl/q ljufg'{ xf] .

a'9];sfnsf] ;xf/f 5f]/f g} xf] . k/Dk/fb]lv rn]sf] rngcg';f/ e"ldsf

lgjf{x ug'{kb{5 . 5f]/L c¿sf] 3/df hfg] hft xf] k9fP/

lsg c¿sf nflu nufgL ug]{ <

dlxnf klg 3/aflx/sf] pTkfbgd"ns sfd ug{ ;Ifd 5g\ .

dlxnf / k'?if b'j}sf] lhDd]jf/L xf] . b'j}n] of] sfd ug{ ;s5g\ .

5f]/LnfO{ lzIff lbg' p;nfO{ ;Ifd / cfTdlge{/ agfpg' xf] .

5f]/f5f]/L b'j} a'9];sfnsf] ;xf/f x'g\ . ;dosf] ult;“u} ;sf/fTds kl/jt{g

x'“b} hfg'kb{5 . 5f]/f 5f]/L b'j}nfO{ ;dfg ¿kdf lzIff

lbg'k5{ .


Psl5g ;f]rf}“

st} lzIf0fl;sfO lj|mofsnfk ubf{ jf d"Nofª\sg ubf{ st} unt wf/0ffcg';f/ sfd u/]sf t 5}gf}“ < dfly pNn]lvt afx]s w]/} unt wf/0ff xfd|f] ;dfhdf JofKt 5g\ . To:tf unt wf/0ffnfO{ TofuL ;xL wf/0ffnfO{ cfTd;ft u/f}“ / Jojxf/df kl/jt{g Nofpg dlxnfn] ;kmntfk"j{s u/]sf r'gf}ltk"0f{ sfo{x¿nfO{ l;sfO lj|mofsnfksf] ;Gbe{df pbfx/0fsf ¿kdf k|:t't ug]{ u/f}“ . dlxnf / k'?ifsf] ;dljsf;af6 g} jf:tljs lbuf] ljsf; / zflGt ;Dej 5 .

n}ª\lus / lzIff -Gender and Education_

;dfhdf /x]sf /fd|f d"Go dfGotfsf] ;Da4{g ug]{ / g/fd|f cjwf/0ff, d"No dfGotf, ;+:sf/sf] kl/jt{g ug]{ Ps ;zSt dfWod lzIff xf] . lzIffsf] dfWodaf6 ;dfhdf /x]sf] n}ª\lus e]befjsf] cj:yfdf ;'wf/ Nofpg ;lsG5 . lzIffsf /fli6«o p2]Zo, ljleGg of]hgf / sfo{j|mdn] o;tkm{ hf]8 lb“b} cfPsf 5g\ . ;x>fJbL ljsf; nIon] ;g\ @)!% ;Dd n}ª\lus c;dfgtf x6fpg], dft[lzz' :jf:Yodf ;'wf/ ug]{ h:tf nIo /fvL k|ToIf ¿kdf n}ª\lus ;jfnnfO{ ;Daf]wg ug{ vf]h]sf] 5 . ;a}sf nflu lzIff /fli6«o sfo{of]hgf -@)!%_ ;a}sf nflu lzIff sfo{j|md -@))$–@))(_ n] klg lzIffdf n}ª\lus c;dfgtf sd ug{ ljz]if hf]8 lbPsf 5g\ . oL p2]Zo k|flKtsf nflu ePsf k|of;x¿ lgDgcg';f/ 5g\ M

k|fylds txdf egf{ ePsf ;Dk"0f{ 5fqfdWo] %) k|ltzt nfO{ 5fqj[lQsf] Joj:yf ul/Psf] .

;fd'bflos ljBfnon] ul/aLsf] /]vfd'lg /x]sf blnt, hghflt, dlxnf nufot cGo ljBfyL{nfO{ lgMz'Ns lzIff lbg] Joj:yf ul/Psf] .

cfwf/e"t tx;Dd lgMz'Ns kf7\ok':ts ljt/0f ul/Psf] .

lkm8/ 5fqfjf; ePsf ljBfnosf sIff ( b]lv !@ ;Dd cWoog/t $)) hgf 5fqfnfO{ 5fqj[lQ pknAw u/fOPsf] .

lzIffsf nflu vfB sfo{j|mdcGtu{t s0ff{nL c~rnsf ;a} lhNnf / 5fqf egf{ sd ePsf lhNnfdf lbjf vfhf / vfg]t]n ljt/0f ug]{ ul/Psf] .

ljBfno lzIffdf ;xefuL x'g g;Sg] aflnsfnfO{ j}slNks ljBfnosf] Joj:yf ul/Psf] .

dlxnf lzIfssf] Joj:yf .

ljBfno Joj:yfkg ;ldlt, lhNnf lzIff ;ldltdf dlxnf k|ltlglwTj clgjfo{ ul/Psf] .

kf7\oj|md kf7\ok':tsdf n}ª\lus b[li6n] ;'wf/ ub}{ nluPsf] .

cf};teGbf a9L 5fqf egf{ug]{ ljBfnonfO{ yk cg'bfg lbg] Joj:yf ul/Psf] .

z}lIfs of]hgf lgdf{0fdf dlxnf k|ltlglwTj clgjfo{ ul/Psf] .

lzIff dGqfnob]lv lhNnf lzIff sfof{no;Ddsf ;Dk"0f{ lgsfodf n}ª\lus ;Dks{ ljGb' -Gender Focal point_sf] -Joj:yf ul/Psf] .


lzIfs tflnd kf7\oj|md tyf tflnd ;fdu|Ldf n}ª\lus d'2fnfO{ ;Daf]wg ul/Psf] .

oL nufot cGo ljljw k|of;x¿ x'“bfx'“b} klg sltko n}ª\lus lx+;fsf 36gfdf lzIfs :jod\ ;+nUg ePsf pbfx/0f kfOg' b'Mvb s'/f xf] . n}ª\lus lx+;f cGTo / n}ª\lus ;dljsf;df hf]8 lbg lgDgcg';f/ sfo{j|md ;~rfng ug'{kg]{ b]lvG5 M

r]tgfd"ns sfo{j|md ;~rfng / k|rf/k|;f/ ug]{ .

dlxnfsf] cfocfh{gdf ;xof]u k'Ug] sfo{j|md ;~rfng ug]{ .

n}ª\lus lx+;faf6 kLl8tnfO{ Ifltk"lt{sf] Joj:yf / lk8snfO{ xb};Ddsf] sf/jfxLsf] Joj:yf ug]{ / To:tf 36gfsf bf]ifLnfO{ ul/Psf] sf/jfxLnfO{ ;fj{hlgs ug]{ .

kf7\oj|md kf7\ok':ts kl/dfh{g ePkl5 clgjfo{ ¿kdf n}ª\lus k/LIf0f -Gender Audit_ ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf ug]{ .

kf7\oj|md kf7\ok':tsdf n}ª\lus ljifoj:t'nfO{ ;dfj]z ug{] .

n}ª\lusd}qL kf7\oj|md, kf7\ok':ts, ;Gbe{ ;fdu|Lsf] ljsf; ug]{ .

cgf}krfl/s lzIffsf x/]s txdf n}ª\lus ljifoj:t'nfO{ ;dfj]z ug]{ .

ljBfnodf ;~rfng ul/g] x/]s lj|mofsnfkdf 5fq5fqfsf] ;dfg ;xeflutf ;'lglZrt ug]{ .

lzIf0fl;sfO lj|mofsnfknfO{ n}ª\lus d}qL agfpg] .

n}ª\lus lx+;f lj?4 afnaflnsfdf z"Go ;xgzLntfsf] ljsf; ug]{ vfnsf sfo{j|md lj|mofsnfk ;~rfng ug]{ .

kf7\oj|md kf7\ok':ts tyf cGo ;fdu|L ljsf; tyf kl/dfh{gstf{nfO{ n}ª\lus cled'vLs/0f ug]{ .

lzIfssf cfgLafgL, ljrf/ / Jojxf/af6 afnaflnsf k|ToIf k|efljt x'g]x'“bf n}ª\lus ;+j]bgzLn Jojxf/ k|bz{g ug{ cfjZos 1fg / ;Lk k|bfg ug]{ 5f]6f] cjlwsf] cled'vLs/0f sfo{j|md ;~rfng ug]{ .

n}ª\lus d"n k|jfxLs/0fdf hf]8 lbg] .

lgoldt cg'udg d"Nofª\sgsf] Joj:yf ug]{ .

g]kfndf n}ª\lus ljifoj:t'df Jofks ax; / 5nkmn x'g nfu]sf] w]/} geP tfklg g]kfn blIf0f Pl;ofdf n}ª\lusd}qL b]zsf] ¿kdf lrlgg ;kmn ePsf] 5 . sfg'gdf /x]sf sltko e]befjnfO{


x6fOP tfklg ;dfhdf ljBdfg ;fdflhs, ;f+:s[lts ;+:sf/sf sf/0f dfgl;stfdf kl/jt{g ug{ cem} sl7g ePsf] ;Gbe{df g]kfnL ;dfhnfO{ n}ª\lus lx+;fd'St agfpg s'g} Ps If]qsf] k|of; ;fy{s x'g ;Sb}g . o;sf nflu ;Da4 ;a} kIf;“u ;dGjofTds ;xsfo{sf] jftfj/0f tof/ x'g h?/L 5 . ha dlxnfx¿n] cfkm\gf] dxŒj / Ifdtf a'emL cfkm"n] ;dfhdf k'¥ofPsf] of]ubfgsf] sb/ ug]{, cfkm\gf ljrf/ / efjgfx¿ :ki6 ¿kdf c¿ ;dIf /fVg] cfTdljZjf;sf] ljsf; ub{5g\ . tjdfq dlxnf / pgLx¿sf] ;Defljt Ifdtfk|ltsf] unt wf/0ffnfO{ j|mdzM jmd ub}{ n}hfg ;lsG5 . n}ª\lus dfGotf / e"ldsfdf kl/jt{g x'g ;do nfUg ;S5 . Ps}rf]6L 7"nf] kl/jt{g ug{ vf]Hbf ;d:ofdf kg{ ;lsG5 . s]xL ulDe/ dfgjclwsf/ xgg x'g] cj:yfsf n}ª\lus dfGotf / e"ldsfnfO{ cfh}b]lv c:jLsf/ ug'{kb{5 .


kl/R5]b – tLg

dfgjclwsf/M dlxnfclwsf/ / g]kfndf ePsf sfg'gL Joj:yfx¿

k[i7e"ld

dfgjclwsf/ x/]s JolStsf] hGdl;4 clwsf/s x'g . To;}n] o;nfO{ g};lu{s clwsf/sf ¿kdf klg JofVof ug]{ ul/G5 . zlSt, zlStdf a:g] JolStsf] Psflwsf/ tyf lg/ª\s'ztfaf6 d'n'ssf] ;j{JofkL ljsf; ;Dej x'“b}g . JolStsf Go"gtd cfjZostf k"/f x'g klg d'l:sn ug{ hfG5 ;fy} :jtGq ¿kdf lhpg gkfpg] cj:yf ;d]t l;h{gf x'g hfG5 . o;k|sf/sf] cj:yfaf6 l;lh{t zf;s ju{af6 x'g] u/]sf] lyrf]ldrf] lj?4 hgtf pqg k'U5g\ . o;af6 zf;sju{ dfly k|efj, bjfj l;h{gf x'g hfG5 . oxL jf:tljstfaf6 dfgj clwsf/sf] cfGbf]ng, cleofg ;'? ePsf] P]ltxfl;s k[i7e"ld /x]sf] 5 .

ljZj dfgj clwsf/sf] P]ltxfl;s k[i7e"ldnfO{ lgDgfg';f/ k|:t't ug{ ;lsG5M

!= DofUgfsf6f{ -Magnacarta_ -;g\ !@!%_M a]nfotdf ePsf] zf;ssf] lyrf]ldrf] lj?4 hgtf ljb|f]xdf pq]kl5 /fhf / hgtfaLr ;Demf}tf ePsf] lyof] . o; ;Demf}tfcg';f/ /fhfdf /x]sf c;Lldt clwsf/nfO{ sd u/L hgtf / /fhfaLr ePsf] clwsf/sf] af“8km“f8ePsf]] kqnfO{ DofUgfsf6f{ gfdaf6 lrlgG5 . oxL ;Demf}tfn] dfgjclwsf/ cleofgsf] yfngL u/]sf] xf] .

@= dfgjclwsf/sf] 3f]if0ffkq --;g\ !^*(_M j]nfotdf ePsf] ;g\ !^** sf] uf}/jdo j|mflGtkl5 k'gM a]nfotL ;+;baf6 of] 3f]if0ffkq hf/L ePsf] xf] . /fhfaf6 hgtf zfl;t gx'g\ eg]/ hgtfnfO{ arfpg] p2]Zoaf6 of] 3f]if0ffkq hf/L ePsfn] o;n] klg dfgj clwsf/sf] ;+:yfut ljsf; j|mdnfO{ yk d2t k'¥ofPsf] 5 .

#= cd]l/sL :jtGqtfsf] 3f]if0ff --;g\ !&&^_M ;g\ !&&^ df cd]l/sfdf :jtGqtfsf] 3f]if0ff eof] . of] 3f]if0ffkl5 cd]l/sL hgtfdf hLjgsf] :jtGqtf Pjd\ ;'v k|flKt h:tf kIfx¿nfO{ pbfx/0fLo clwsf/sf ¿kdf :yflkt u¥of] .

$= k|mfG;sf] dfgjclwsf/ / gful/s clwsf/ 3f]if0ff kq --;g\ !&*(_M ;g\ !&*( df k|mfG;df dfgjclwsf/ / gful/s clwsf/ 3f]if0ffkq hf/L eof] . o;n] x/]s JolStsf] hGdfl;4 dfgjclwsf/ x'g] kIfnfO{ dfGotf lbof] . ;fy} ;a}sf] clwsf/ ;dfg x'g] s'/fnfO{ o;n] cfTd;ft u¥of] .

%= h]g]ef dxf;lGw ;g\ -!*^$_M o'4af6 w]/} hgwgsf] Iflt o'/f]kn] Joxf]b}{ cfPsf] lyof] . o;} ;Gbe{df o'4sf cdfgjLo lj|mofsnfknfO{ Go"g ug]{ cfjZostf dx;'; eof] / h]g]ef dxf;lGw hf/L x'g k'Uof] .


^= bf; Jofkf/df k|ltaGw --;g\ !*(%_M hd{gLsf] jln{gdf ;g\ !*(% df Pp6f ;Dd]ng ePsf] lyof] . of] ;Dd]ngn] bf;sf] Jofkf/df k|ltaGw nufof] . o;}sf] kmn:j¿k kl5 ;g\ !(@^ df bf;Tj dxf;lGw nfu" x'g k'Uof] .

&= ;+o'St /fi6«;ª\3sf] :yfkgf --;g\ !($%_M bf];|f] ljZjo'4sf] ljlelifsfaf6 ;+;f/df nfvf}“ hgtfn] Hofg u'dfpg k'u] . ljZj o'4sf] rk]6faf6 u|l;t x'g k'Uof] . kmn:j¿k ljZjdf zflGt :yfkgf, dfgjcl3sf/sf] ;+/If0f tyf ;+j4{g ug]{ p2]Zoaf6 ;g\ !($% df ;+o'St /fi6«;ª\+3sf] :yfkgf eof] . o;n] lg/Gt/ dfgjclwsf/sf] ljsf; tyf lj:tf/sf nflu sfo{ ub}{ cfO/x]sf] 5 .

*= dfgj clwsf/;DaGwL ljZjJoflk 3f]if0ffkq --;g\ !($*_M ;+o'St /fi6«n] dfgj clwsf/sf] dxŒj, cfjZostf, Jofkstf cflb ;d]tnfO{ dWogh/ /fvL dfgj clwsf/;DaGwL ljZjJofkL 3f]if0ffkq -!($*_ hf/L u¥of] . of] 3f]if0ffkqn] ljleGg dfgjclwsf/sf] ;'lglZrttf ug{kg]{ k|fjwfgx¿ tof/ u/]sf] 5 .

pko'{St ljsf;j|mdn] dfgjclwsf/sf] k|j4{gtkm{ pNn]Vo sfo{ u/]sf] b]lvG5 . ;+o'St /fi6« dfgjclwsf/;DaGwL ljZjJofkL 3f]if0ffkqdf ljZjsf w]/} d'n'sn] x:tfIf/ u/L ;s]sf 5g\ . g]kfnn] klg o;df x:tfIf/ u/]sf] 5 . pko'St Joj:yfsf cltl/St ljleGg k|sf/sf ;lGw, cl3;lGw, dxf;lGw j8fkq 3f]if0ffkq cflb hf/L x'g] j|mdn] lg/Gt/tf kfp“b} cfPsf] 5 . h:t} M

dlxnf lj?4 x'g] ;a} k|sf/sf e]befj pGd"ng ug]{ dxf;lGw !(&( afnclwsf/ dxf;lGw !(*( cfly{s, ;fdflhs tyf ;f+:s[lts clwsf/;DaGwL b:tfj]h gful/s tyf /fhgLlts clwsf/;DaGwL b:tfj]h

dfgjclwsf/ -Human Right_

;+o'St /fi6«;ª\3 dfgjclwsf/;DaGwL ljZjJofkL 3f]if0ff kqn] dfgj cl3sf/sf ;DaGwdf ljleGg Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 . h:t} M

x/]s JolStdf lhpg] -af“Rg]_ :jtGq x'g] / ;'/lIft x'g kfpg] clwsf/x¿ /x]sf 5g\ .

x/]s JolStdf dfgjclwsf/ x'G5 . p;sf] klxrfg tyf clwsf/ g};lu{s /x]sf] x'G5 .

x/]s JolStn] dfgjclwsf/;DaGwL 3f]if0ffkqcg';f/sf cl3sf/sf] ;dfg ¿kdf ;dfg¿kdf k|of]u ug{ ;Sg]5g\ . hft, hflt, efiffefifL, lnª\u, wd{, /fhgLlt cflbsf cfwf/df eb]efj x'g] 5}g / ;j{;dfg cj:yfdf /xG5g\ .

s'g}klg JolStnfO{ bf;tfaf6 ;'/lIft ul/g] 5 .

s'g} klg JolStnfO{ oftgf, cdfgjLo Jojxf/ ul/g] 5}g .

sfg'gsf cufl8 ;a} JolSt ;dfg x'g]5g\ .

x/]s JolStsf] ;Ddfg x'g] ;Ddflgt x'g] clwsf/ /xg] 5 .


s'g} klg JolStnfO{ ljgfs;'/ y'gfdf, /fVg] b08 ;hfo ug]{ clwsf/ x'g] 5}g .

s'g klg JolStnfO{ b]z lgsfnf ul/g] 5}g .

x/]s JolStnfO{ cfkm" lj?4sf] d'2f dfldnfdf k|df0f h'6fpg], jx; ug]{, clwsf/ x'g] 5 .

x/]s JolStnfO{ :jtGqtfk"j{s b]zleq cfjthfjt ug]{ :jtGqtf x'g] 5 .

dfgj clwsf/ vf;u/L lgDg kIfdf ljeSt u/L rrf{ ug]{ ul/G5 M

gful/s clwsf/

;fdflhs clwsf/

/fhgLlts clwsf/

cfly{s clwsf/

;f+:s[lts clwsf/

oL dflysf clwsf/cGtu{t k|To]s JolStn] lgDglnlvt clwsf/ pkef]u ug{ kfpg] 5g\ .

x/]s JolStnfO{ cfkm\gf] b]z 5f8]/ cGToq hfg] clwsf/ x'g] 5 .

x/]s JolSt /fhgLlts ¿kdf cGo ;+/If0f lng kfpg] 5g\ .

x/]s JolStsf] /fli6«otf;DaGwL xs x'g] 5 .

x/]s JolStnfO{ cfkm\gf] ;DklQ ef]urng ug]{ clwsf/ x'g] 5 .

x/]s JolStnfO{ :jtGqtfk"j{s cfkm\gf] ljrf/ /fVg], cfkm\gf] wd{ cjnDag ug]{ clwsf/L x'g] 5 .

:jtGqtfk"j{s wd{ kl/jt{g ug]{ clwsf/ x'g] 5 .

k|To]s JolStnfO{ zflGtk"j{ e]nf ug{ kfpg] :jtGqtf x'g] 5 .

k|To]s JolStnfO{ cfkm\gf] b]zsf] ;/sf/df ;xeflu x'g kfpg] clwsf/ /xg] 5 .

k|To]s JolStnfO{ cfkm\gf] b]zsf] ;fj{hlgs ;]jf k|fKt ug]{ clwsf/ x'g] 5 .

x/]s JolStnfO{ ;fdflhs ¿kdf ;'/lIft x'g kfpg] clwsf/ x'g] 5 .

x/]s JolStnfO{ cfkm"v';L sfd ug{ kfpg] clwsf/ x'g] 5 .

x/]s JolStnfO{ cf/d lng kfpg] clwsf/ x'g] 5 .

x/]s JolStnfO{ :j:yk"0f{ jftfj/0fdf a:g kfpg] clwsf/ x'g] 5 .

x/]s JolStnfO{ lzIff k|fKt ug]{ clwsf/ x'g] 5 . k|fylds lzIff clgjfo{ x'g] 5 .


pko'{St clwsf/sf] ;'lglZrttf k|bfg ug]{ u/L /fHo Joj:yf ;~rfng ug]{ bfloTj ;a} d'n'ssf ;/sf/sf] x'g] 5 . gful/ssf], kl/jf/sf], ;dfhsf] klg ;dfg ¿kdf bfloTj x'g] tkm{ klg dfgjclwsf/;DaGwL ljZjJofkL 3f]if0ffkqn] oy]i6 Wofg lbPsf] cj:yf 5 .

dlxnf clwsf/ -Women Rights_

dlxnf clwsf/sf] cjwf/0ff ;fdflhs ;+/rgf, d"NodfGotf, k/Dk/fut Jojxf/ / k'?if / dlxnfaLrsf] dof{bf:t/df /x]sf] leGgtfsf sf/0f cfPsf] xf] . ;fdfGotof k'?ifsf] t'ngfdf dlxnfsf] clwsf/, cj:yf / dof{bf:t/ lgs} sdhf]/ /x]sf] 5 . ljljw If]qdf lje]bsf] l:ylt ljBdfg 5 . dlxnfnfO{ x]g]{ ;fdflhs b[li6sf]0f k'?ifnfO{ x]g]{ eGbf km/s 5 . log} cj:yfsf sf/0f dlxnfsf] xs / clwsf/sf nflu 5'6\6} dxf;lGwsf] Joj:yf u/L lje]b pGd"ng ug]{ ;f]r cufl8 cfof] . kmnt ;+o'St /fi6«;+3n] dlxnflj?4 x'g] ;a} k|sf/sf e]befj pGd"ng ug]{ dxf;lGw !(&( hf/L u¥of] .


dlxnf;“u cglulGt ;d:ofx¿ uf“l;P/ /x]sf x'G5g\ . tnsf] lrqdf o:tf s]xL ;d:ofnfO{ k|:t't ul/Psf] 5M

3/fof;L sfddf ;Lldttf ;DklQdf Go"g clwsf/ ax'ljjfx

afnljsf; 3/]n' lx+;f

sfg'gL lje]b jfbLk|yf

5fpk8L k|yf r]lna]6L a]rljvg

Go"g /fhgLlts ;xeflutf clzIff

a]/f]huf/ sdhf]/ :jf:Yo

sd ;xeflutf zf]if0f

of}g b'Jo{jxf/ clws sfo{af]em

ue{ktg bfOhf] k|yf

c;dfgtfsf]

l:ylt


To;}n] dlxnf / k'?ifaLr ;dfgtfsf] cfjZostf kg{ uof] . ;dfgtfn] lgDg cj:yf Nofp“5 M

JolStut ljsf;

;dfg cfly{s ;fdflhs ljsf;

3/kl/jf/sf] zL3| pGglt

b]z ljsf;sf] ultdf tLj|tf

clwsf/sf] ;dfg k|flKt / pkof]u

dlxnf dfgj clwsf/ eGgfn]

dlxnf dfgj ePsf] gftfn] k|fKt ug]{ ;Dk"0f{ clwsf/nfO{ a'emfp“5 .

;Gtfg hGdfpg] clwsf/;“u ;DalGwt ;Dk"0f{ clwsf/nfO{ a'emfp“5 .

ue{wf/0f ug{ kfpg] clwsf/nfO{ a'emfp“5 .

ue{jtL cj:yfdf ljz]if x]/rfx / :ofxf/ kfpg] clwsf/nfO{ a'emfp“5 .

pko'St k|;"lt ;]jf k|fKt ug]{ clwsf/nfO{ a'emfp“5 .

tnj ;]jf ;'ljwf;lxt ;'Ts]/L ljbf kfpg] clwsf/ a'emfp“5 .

;Gtfg hGdfpg], ghGdfpg] lg0f{o ug{ kfpg] clwsf/ a'emfp“5 .

cfly{s lg0f{o ug{ kfpg] clwsf/ a'emfp“5 .

:tgkfg u/fpg kfpg] clwsf/ a'emfp“5 .

afnaflnsfsf] /]vb]v :ofxf/ ;';f/ ug{ kfpg] clwsf/nfO{ a'emfp“5 .

dlxnf;DaGwL 5'6\6} dxf;lGwsf] cfjZostf

e]b\efj ls6fg ug{

e]b\efjsf If]q / k|sf/ :ki6 kfg{

dlxnf / k'?ifaLrsf] ;dfgtf k|:6\ofpg

dlxnfsf nflu ljz]if Joj:yf tyf x]/rfx ug{kg]{ Joj:yf ls6fgL ug{

dlxnfd}qL sfg'g lgdf{0f ug{

;/sf/nfO{ a9L lhDd]jf/ agfpg

dlxnfnfO{ ljsf; sfo{df ;lj|mo t'Nofpg

dlxnf ;dfgtfsf] cj:yfsf] k|Tofe"lt ug{ .


dlxnf lj?4 x'g] ;a} k|sf/sf e]befj pGd"ng ug]{ dxf;lGwn] ckgfPsf l;4fGtx¿

of] dxf;lGwn] lgDglnlvt l;4fGt ckgfPsf] 5 M

;dfgtfsf] l;4fGt

clje]bsf] l;4fGt

/fHon] bfloTj lgjf{x ug'{kg]{ l;4fGt

dxf;lGwn] Joj:yf u/]sf dlxnf;DaGwL k|d'v clwsf/x¿

a]rljvt tyf of}g Jofkf/sf] nflu of}g zf]if0f lj?4sf] clwsf/, wf/f –^

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cfly{s pkef]usf] clwsf/, wf/f–!#

cGt/fli6«o txdf ;xefuL x'g] clwsf/, wf/f–*

sfg'gL ;dfgtfsf] clwsf/,

/fli6«otf;DaGwL clwsf/, wf/f–(

ljjfx tyf kl/jf/sf] clwsf/, wf/f–!^

lzIff;DaGwL clwsf/,

/f]huf/Lsf] clwsf/, wf/f–!!

:jf:Yo;DaGwL clwsf/, wf/f–!@

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g]kfn clw/fHosf] ;+ljwfg @)$& n] Joj:yf u/]sf clwsf/x¿

e]befj ug{ gkfOg]

dlxnfsf] xs lxtsf] nflu ;+/If0fsf] sfg'g agfpg ;lsg]

df}lnsx¿sf] pkef]u lgjf{x ¿kdf ug{ kfpg]

k|ltlglw;efsf] lgjf{rgdf slDtdf % k|ltzt dlxnf pDdb]jf/ clgjfo{ cfjZos kg]{

/fli6«o ;efdf sDtLdf # hgf dlxnf ;ef;bsf] Joj:yf

ljz]if gLlt agfpg ;Sg] clwsf/


g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg @)^#

g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg @)^# dlxnf xs tyf clwsf/sf kIfaf6 dxŒjk"0f{ km8\sf]sf ¿kdf /x]sf] 5 . ;dfgtfsf] xs -wf/f !#_n] dlxnf, blntsf] ;+/If0f, ;zStLs/0f jf ljsf;sf nflu sfg'gåf/f ljz]if Joj:yf ug{ ;lsg] Joj:yfnfO{ v'nf u/]sf] 5 . ;fy} wf/f @) n] dlxnfsf] xssf] Joj:yf u/L dlxnf ePs} sf/0faf6 s'g} klg lsl;dsf] e]b\efj gul/g], k|To]s dlxnfnfO{ k|hgg :jf:Yo tyf k|hgg;DaGwL xs x'g], s'g} klg dlxnflj?4 zf/Ll/s, dfgl;s jf cGo s'g} lsl;dsf] lx+;fhGo sfo{ gul/g], o:tf] sfo{ u/]df bl08t x'g] / k}t[s ;DklQdf 5f]/f / 5f]/LnfO{ ;dfg xs x'g] Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 . /fHosf lgb]{zs l;4fGtx¿n] klg dlxnfsf] ;DaGwdf ljz]if gLlt lgdf{0f tyf sfof{Gjog ul/g]tkm{ ;+s]t u/]sf 5g\ . æjuL{o ===========n}ª\lus=== e]befjsf] cGTo ub}{ dlxnf===========tyf lk5l8Psf If]q nufotsf ;d:ofx¿nfO{ ;Daf]wg ug{ /fHosf] ;dfj]zL, nf]stflGqs / cu|ufdL k'g/;+/rgf ug]{Æ k|fjwfgnfO{ :ki6 pNn]v u/]sf] 5 .

d'n'ssf] /fHo ;+/rgfsf ;a} cª\ux¿df dlxnfnufotsf ;a} ju{sf] ;dfg'kflts ;dfj]zL cfwf/df ;xefuL u/fpg] gLltut Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 .

dlxnf ju{sf] lzIff, :jf:Yo / /f]huf/Lsf] ljz]if Joj:yf u/L /fli6«o ljsf;df clwsflws ;xefuL agfpg] gLlt cjnDag ug]{ :ki6 k|fjwfgsf] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 . ;fy} ;fdflhs ;'/Iffsf] ljz]if Joj:yf ug]{ gLlt cjnDag ug]{ s'/fsf] klg k|fjwfg cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^# n] u/]sf] 5 .

/fHon] dlxnfsf nflu ;sf/fTds lje]bsf cfwf/df ljz]if Joj:yf ug]{ gLlt cjnDag ul/g] 5 .

>d P]g @)$*

sDtLdf klg %@ lbgsf] ;'Ts]/L ljbf lbg'kg]{

kfl/>ldsdf e]b\efj ug{ gkfOg]

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d'n'sL P]g -@)!), P3f/f} ;+zf]wg @)%*_

dlxnfsf] ;DklQ;DaGwL clwsf/sf] Joj:yf

;DaGw ljR5]bdf dlxnfsf] clwsf/

ue{ktg;DaGwL clwsf/

ljjfxof]Uo pd]/sf] ls6fgL

afnljjfx u/]df hl/jfgfsf] Joj:yf

ax'ljjfx u/]df ;hfo x'g] Joj:yf

hj/h:tL s/0fLdf ;hfo x'g] Joj:yf

lzIff P]g, @)@* tyf lgodfjnL, @)%(

lzIff P]g tyf lgodfjnL n}ª\lus kIfaf6 x]bf{ Tolt ;sf/fTds geP klg s]xL ;'wf/fTdstkm{ d'vl/t ePsf] eGg ;lsg] Joj:yf 5 .


P]gsf] Joj:yfcg';f/ u7g x'g] lhNnf lzIff ;ldltsf] ;b:o kbdf sDtLdf klg @ hgf dlxnf lzIfs k|ltlglwTj x'gkg]{ Joj:yf -!!,v_ .

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P]gsf] Joj:yfcg';f/ u7g ul/g] ljBfno Joj:yfkg ;ldltdf ! hgf dlxnf cleefjs /xg] jfWofTds cj:yf .

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lgodfjnLsf] lgod (( cGtu{tsf] -@_ n] dlxnf lzIfsnfO{ ;fwf/0ftof ckfos kg]{ :yfgdf ;?jf gul/g] k|fjwfg .

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lghfdlt ;]jf P]g / lgodfjnLdf ePsf Joj:yfx¿

;]jfk|j]zsf nflu dlxnfsf] pd]/sf] xb $) jif{

v'nf k|lt:kwf{af6 k"lt{ ul/g] kbdWo] $% k|ltztdf cf/If0fsf] Joj:yf u/L ;f] $% k|ltztnfO{ ztk|ltzt dfgL ## k|ltzt dlxnfsf nflu cf/If0f ul/Psf] .

^) lbg tnaL k|;'lt ljbf / ^ dlxgf a]tnjL k|;'lt ljbf lng ;Sg] Joj:yf .

k|;'lt :ofxf/ ljbfsf] Joj:yf .

a9'jfsf] ;DefAo pDd]bjf/ x'g Ps jif{ sd ;]jfcjlw tf]lsPsf] .

>Ldfg\ >Ldlt b'j} lghfdtL ;]jfdf eP ;Dej eP;Dd Ps} lhNnfdf kb:yfkg ug]{ .

s]xL ;+:yfut Joj:yf

!= /fli6«o dlxnf cfof]u

@= dlxnf afnaflnsf tyf ;dfhsNof0f dGqfno

#= dlxnf ljsf; ljefu

$= ;a} dGqfnodf n}ª\lus ;Dks{ ljGb' -Gender Focal Point _

%= n}ª\lus lx+;f lj?4 8]:s -k|wfgdGqL tyf dlGqkl/ifb sfof{no_ Toll Free Number sf] Joj:yf . -g+=)^^))!)!%@)_


kl/R5]b – rf/

n}ª\lus lx+;f / To;sf :j¿k

k[i7e"ld

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d'Vo ;Gb]z

n}ª\lus lx+;f lghL ;d:of geO{ ;fdflhs ;d:of

o;sf] gsf/fTds kl/0ffd ;a}df kg]{

lx+;fd'St hLjg ;a}sf] clwsf/

dlxnf clwsf/ dfgj clwsf/


n}ª\lus lx+;fsf k|sf/x¿

n}ª\lus lx+;fnfO{ w]/} lsl;dn] JofVof ug{ ;lsG5 . o:tf lx+;fx¿ ;+;f/sf w]/} b]zx¿df cfd¿kdf ljBdfg 5g\ . g]kfndf b]lvg] n}ª\lus lx+;f olt g} k|sf/ x'G5 eGg' eGbf klg ;dfhdf b]lvg] jf b]lvPsf HjnGt pbfx/0fx¿sf cfwf/df o;sf k|sf/ jf :j¿kx¿nfO{ JofVof ug]{ k|oTg ul/Psf] 5 . n}ª\lus lx+;fdf ljz]if u/L dlxnf tyf aflnsfx¿n] ljleGg k|sf/sf lx+;fhGo sfo{ Pjd\ b'Jo{jxf/sf cg'ej u/]sf x'G5g\ / kL8ssf ¿kdf d'VotM k'?ifx¿ g} x'g] ub{5g\ . sltko 7fp“df zf/Ll/s lgb{otfsf] ¿kdf b]lvg] lx+;f, sltko ;dodf zf]if0f / lgoGq0fsf gof“gof“ / hl6n cEof;x¿sf leq n's]/ lx+;f /xg] u5{ . sltko ;dfh / ;+:s[ltdf kfOg] P]ltxfl;s tyf wfld{s, ;fdflhs ;f+:s[lts k|yf, rfnrngx¿ / k/Dk/fx¿df n}ª\lus lx+;f n's]sf] x'G5 .

dfgj a]rljvg -Human Trafficking_

n}ª\lus lx+;fleq dfgj a]rlavgsf] s'/f d'Vo ¿kdf cfp“5 . jfWofTds >d, bf;tfk"0f{ Jojxf/sf nflu s'g} klg JolStnfO{ 8/, 3fs b]vfO{, hfnem]n u/L jf zlSt / kbsf] b'?kof]u u/L sfddf nufpg Ps 7fp“af6 csf]{ 7fp“df n}hfg', n}hfg ;xof]u ug'{ a]rlavg xf] . dfgja]rlavg b]zleq jf b]z aflx/ ljleGg k|of]hgsf nflu ul/G5g\ . h:t}M

of}g Jofkf/

dgf]/~hg

;s{;

ljleGg snsf/vfgf -un}+rf÷ O“6f e6\6f, h/L eg]{ sfd_

xf]6]n tyf /]:6'/f“

3/]n' sfdbf/

ljleGg sl7g >d

zf/Ll/s a]rljvg -d[uf}nf, cf“vf cflb_

wd{k'qk'qL

a]rlavg s;/L ul/G5 <

gSsnL ljjfx u/]/

nfu' kbfy{ v'jfO{ j]xf]; agfP/

8/, qf;, wfs jf wDsL b]vfP/

lx+;fsf] k|of]u u/]/

nnfO{ kmsfO{ jf hfnem]n u/]/


C0f c;'nLsf] jfxgfdf

j}b]lzs /f]huf/ tyf cfsif{s cfDbfgLsf] k|nf]egdf kf/]/

ljb]z cWoogsf] afxgfdf

rnlrqdf clego u/fpg] afxgfdf

a]rlavg x'gaf6 aRgsf nflu ckgfpg'kg]{ ;ts{tf

cfkm\gf] ufp“3/ jf If]qdf ljleGg ;d"xx¿ u7g u/]/ hgr]tgf km}nfpg] .

ufp“3/sf lbbL–alxgL tyf bfh'efOsf] ljjfx ubf{ p;sf] rfnrng / kfl/jfl/s k[i7e"ld a'em]/ dfq ug]{ u/fpg] .

cfkm\gf] j/k/ s'g} JolStsf] b}lgs ultljlw / /xg;xgdf PSsf;L kl/jt{g cfPdf ;f]sf] lgu/fgL /fvL st} pgLx¿ dfgj a]rljvgdf ;+nUg t 5}gg\ egL ;ts{tfsf ;fy lrof]rf;f] lng] .

s'g} klg 7fp“df dfgj a]rlavg x'g nfu]sf] yfxf kfPdf t'?Gt sfg'gsf] ;xfotf lnO{ ck/fwLnfO{ kj|mg k'ln;nfO{ d2t k'¥ofpg] .

j}b]lzs /f]huf/Ldf hfg] JolStn] k7fpg] JolSt jf ;+:yfsf] ;Dk"0f{ hfgsf/L klxn] g} lng] / ;f]sf] ljj/0f ;'/lIft ;fy /fVg] .

3/]n' lx+;f -Domestic Violence_

n}ª\lus lx+;fsf] af/]df eGg'kbf{ cfh lbg k|ltlbg 3/]n' lx+;f al9/x]sf] ljleGg kqklqsf / ;dfrf/sf dfWodaf6 cfO/x]sf 5g\ . 3/]n' lx+;fdf dlxnf / k'?if b'j} kLl8t 5g\ . t/ oyfy{df k'?ifn] dlxnfdfly x'g] u/]sf] lx+;f g} a9L b]lvG5 . 3/]n' lx+;f xfd|f] ;dfhdf dfq geP/ ljZjJofkL ¿kdf ;d:of ag]sf] 5 . olt dfq xf] ls ljsl;t d'ns'df 3/]n' lx+;f sd 5 eg] ljsf;f]Gd'v d'n'sdf a9L 5 . o;sf sf/0f clzIff, c1fgtf, ?9LjfbL k/Dk/fut d"No / dfGotf / ;+:sf/ cflb kb{5g\ .

3/]n' lx+;fsf gsf/fTds kIf / rflng'kg]{ sbd

JolStdfly zf/Ll/s, dfgl;s, efjgfTds, of}ghGo / cfly{s oftgf lbOg' g} 3/]n' lx+;f xf] . ;dfh / /fi6«df clxn] klg dlxnfdfly x'g] lx+;f tLj| ¿kdf b]lvG5 . ljleGg gfdaf6 dlxnfnfO{ ufnL unf}h ug]{, e'm6f jft nufpg], 3/af6 lgsfNg], rf]6 k'¥ofpg] Jojxf/ ug]{, ax'ljjfx ug]{, c;dfg Jojxf/ ug]{, zf/Ll/s, dfgl;s, efjgfTds, of}ghGo / cfly{s ofgtf lbg] u/]sf] kfOG5 . oL ;Dk"0f{ dlxnf lx+;fnufot cGo lx+;fhGo ck/fw /f]Sg oL d'2fx¿n] k|fyldstf kfpg'k5{ / ;/sf/L tyf u}/;/sf/L kIfaf6 3/]n' lx+;f /f]Sg alnof] ;+oGqsf] lgdf{0f ug'{k5{ .


3/leq x'g] ;a} k|sf/sf lx+;f rfx] >Ldfg\n] >LdtLnfO{ ug]{ lx+;f xf];\ rfx] afj'cfdfn] 5f]/f5f]/LnfO{ ul/g] lx+;f jf Jojxf/ jf cGo kl/jf/sf ;b:onfO{ ug]{ u/fOg] lx+;f h;sf] k|ToIf c;/ l;ª\uf] ;dfhdf kl//x]sf] x'G5 . of] ;d:of d]/f] xf]Og egL xfdL klG5g] u5f}{ To;sf] gsf/fTds k|efjaf6 Ifl0fs ¿kdf t d'St eOPnf t/ To;sf] c;/ xfdL;Dd cfOk'Ug w]/} j]/ nfUb}g . xfd|f] ;dfh hxf“ lx+;f/lxt xf];\, zfGt jftfj/0f xf];\, ;dtf / ;dfgtfsf] cg'e"lt xf];\ eGgsf nflu c¿sf] lgldt klg xfdL af]Ng'kb{5, clg hxf“ lx+;f eO/x]sf] 5, Toxf“ Gofo lbnfpg] k|oTg ug'{kb{5 . kLl8tn] cfkm"n] ph'/L ug{ g;s]sf] cj:yfdf gfafns czSt kLl8t dlxnf ePdf o:tf kLl8t JolStsf] tkm{af6 ;/f]sf/jfnf JolSt jf ;+:yfn] ph'/L ul/lbg'kb{5 .

ljBfno klg lx+;f x'g ;Sg] :yn xf], hxf“ ljljw ;+:s[lt, ;d"bfo efiff jf kl/j]zsf afnafnLsfx¿sf] k|ToIf hd36 x'g] ub{5 . 3/df x'g] u/]sf] lx+;f jf ljBfnoleq ul/Psf k|ToIf jf ck|ToIf lx+;fsf] l;sf/ slnnf afnaflnsfx¿ x'g] ub{5g\ . ;sf/fTds 1fgu'gsf s'/f eg]{ dg dl:tisdf lx+;fhGo ck/fwsf z[ª\vnfx¿ el/“bf ef]lnsf] efjL lk9L s:tf] pTkfbg x'g] eGg] k|Zg cufl8 cfp“5 . o:tf r'gf}tLx¿nfO{ lg/fs/0f ug{ ljBfno:t/df lzIfs / ljBfyL{x¿nfO{ lx+;f s] xf] < s] ul/Pdf lx+;f x'G5, ;f] x'g glbg sIffsf]7fleq / aflx/af6} ;sf/fTds k|oTg ul/Pdf n}ª\lus lx+;f lj?4sf] cleofg ;kmn x'g;S5 .

n}ª\lus lx+;f lj?4sf Jojxfl/s ;d:ofx¿

k'?ifsf] t'ngfdf dlxnfsf] dxŒj gx'g] ljBdfg unt ;fdflhs dfGotfn] ubf{ dlxnf lj?4sf] lx+;fnfO{ :jLsfo{ / ;fdfGo dfGg] k|rng /lxcfPsf] 5 . cToGt lj:tfl/t ¿kdf ;dfhdf h/f uf8]/ / ;j{q ljBdfg dlxnf lj?4sf] lx+;fsf] sf/0fn] o; If]qsf dlxnfx¿sf] hLjg clwsf/ / pgLx¿n] hLjgsf] k|To]s r/0fdf kfpg'kg]{ ;a}h;f] cj;/x¿df c;/ k'¥ofO/x]sf] 5 . o:tf] lx+;f Jojxfl/s ¿kdf xfdLdfem n's]/ /x]sf] 5 . o;sf s]xL pbfx/0f o; k|sf/ 5g\ M

afns / aflnsfx¿ b'j}n] ;dfg¿kdf lzIff kfpg cTofjZos 5 t/ klg xfd|f] ;dfhdf 3/sf] sfddf aflnsfx¿nfO{ dfq nufOG5 . lzIff ;a} afnaflnsfsf] cfwf/e"t clwsf/ xf], rfx] afns xf];\ jf aflnsf .

dlxnfx¿nfO{ wg;DklQ dfly clwsf/ / lx:;f lbO“b}g t/ Ifltk"lt{sf ¿kdf bfOhf] lbOG5 . bfOhf]nfO{ dlxnfsf] ;DklQsf] ¿kdf lnOG5 t/ lbgk|ltlbg of] Pp6f ;d:ofsf ¿kdf b]vfk/]sf] 5 . afa'cfdf 5f]/LnfO{ af]em ;DemG5g\ eg] 3/lt/ klg a9L bfOhf]sf] lgx'“df pgLx¿nfO{ plQs} ;tfOg] ul/G5 . 5f]/Lx¿ b'j}lt/af6 lx+;fsf] l;sf/ ag]sf 5g\ .

cfkm\gf] kl/jf/sf lgldQ dlxnf / k'?if b'j} s8f ldlxg]t ub{5g\ . t/ k'?ifn] u/]sf sfdn] dxŒj kfp“b5 / dlxnfn] u/]sf] sfdnfO{ dxŒj lbO“b}g . hals pgL PSsn}n] ;a} sfd ug'{ k/]sf] x'G5 .

sfg'gtM ljjfxsf] pd]/ s]6Lsf nflu !* jif{ / s]6fsf nflu @! jif{ xf] . ;fgf] pd]/df jf cgd]n ljjfx x'“bf pgLx¿nfO{ zf/Ll/s / dfgl;s bafa jf hf]lvd klg x'g;Sb5 . ljjfxsf] lhDd]jf/LnfO{ wfGg aflnsfx¿ zf/Ll/s / dfgl;s ¿kdf tof/ ePsf x'“b}gg\ . afnljjfx jf cgd]n ljjfxsf] cy{ pgLx¿dfly lx+;f ug'{ g} xf] .


k|fs[lts ¿kdf dlxnf / k'?if b'j}nfO{ vfgfaf6 kf]ifs tŒjsf] plQs} cfjZostf kb{5 . t/ k'?ifx¿nfO{ a9L / dL7f] vfg]s'/f w]/} lbg] / ;Ddfg ug]{ k|rng 5 eg] dlxnfx¿n] ar]sf] vfgf vfg kfpg] klg rng 5 . o;sf/0f dlxnfx¿ afNosfnb]lv g} sdhf]/ x'g] ub{5g\ . pgLx¿n] ldlxg]t u/]cg';f/ vfg gkfpg] sf/0fn] klg Hofbf sdhf]/ x'“b} hfG5g\ .

;dfwfgsf nflu ;xsfo{ sf];“u <

n}ª\lus lx+;f lj?4 x'g] s'g} klg cleofgdf ;xefuL eO{ dlxnf lj?4 x'g] lx+;fsf] cGTo ug'{ k|To]s JolStsf] lhDd]jf/L / st{Jo klg xf] . lx+;fd'St 3/ lgdf{0f ug'{ r'gf}tLk"0f{ 5 t/ of] ;Dej x'g'sf ;fy} cfjZos klg 5 . dlxnf / k'?if a/fa/ ?kdf ;Ifd 5g\ / ;dfg OHhtsf] eflubf/ klg x'g\ . xfd|f] /Llt/Ljfh / rfnrng xfdL cfkm}“n] agfPsf xf}“ . o;nfO{ kl/jt{g xfdL / cfkm}“n] ug{ ;S5f}“ . o;sf nflu ;xsfo{ Psbd} cTofjZos x'G5 . klxn]b]lv g} hgtfx¿;“u glhsaf6 3'nldn eO/x]sf tyf cfkm\gf ljrf/n] c¿nfO{ k|efj kfg{ ;Sg] Ifdtf ePsf ljleGg ;d"x tyf ;~hfnx¿ h;n] dlxnf lj?4 x'g] lx+;fnfO{ /f]Sg cfjfh p7fO{ k'/fgf] ;f]r / Jojxf/df kl/jt{g Nofpg ;S5g\ . o;sf nflu lgDgfg';f/sf If]qaf6 ;xsfo{ ug{ ;lsG5M

ljZjljBfno tyf z}lIfs ;+:yfx¿sf ljBfyL{x¿n] n}ª\lus lje]bo'St ljBdfg Jojxf/ tyf dfGotfnfO{ kl/jt{g ug{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg ;S5g\ .

n}ª\lus c;dfgtf / dlxnf lj?4 lx+;fsf ljifox¿df cfjfh p7fO{ To:tf lje]bnfO{ ;Rofpgsf nflu pko'St ljsNkx¿ lbg] ;Sg] ;~rf/ / dgf]/~hgsf dfWodx¿n] dxŒjk"0f{ e"ldsf v]Ng ;S5g\ .

n}ª\lus lx+;f lj?4 cfd ;xdlt h'6fpg tyf Jofkstf lbg ;Sg] ;dfhsf k|ltefzfnL JolStTjx¿n] cu'jfO ug{ ;S5g\ .

ljBfno o:tf] If]q xf] hxf“ ljljw efiffefifL, ;+:s[lt, ;fdflhs cfly{s kl/j]zdf afnaflnsfx¿ cWoog ub{5g\ . t;y{ pSt ynf]af6} lzIfs, ljBfyL{ / cleefjsx¿sf] ;+o'St kxndf n}ª\lus lx+;f lj?4 sfo{j|md rnfpg ;lsG5 .

To;}u/L ljBfnodf ;~rflnt ljleGg afnSnax¿nfO{ kl/rfng u/L pgLx¿s} ;lj|mo ;xeflutfdf ;dfhdf ljBdfg n}ª\lus e]befj lg/fs/0f ug{ u/fpg ;lsG5 .

n}ª\lus lx+;f lj?4sf] cleofg @)!) df ;lj|mo eP/ nfu]sf ljleGg u}/ ;/sf/L ;+3;+:yf tyf afn ljsf; s]Gb|åf/f ;~rflnt ;r]tgf sfo{j|mdnfO{ yk ;xof]u k'¥ofpg ;lsG5 .

;dfhdf dflg;x¿sf] ;'/Iffy{ vl6Psf k|x/L clws[tx¿;“u ;xsfo{ u/L ljBdfg ck/fw tyf lx+;f ;dodf g} /f]syfd jf p4f/ ug{ ;lsG5 .

n}ª\lus lx+;f cGTo ug{ j8f, uflj; tyf gu/kflnsf;“u ;dGjog u/L ljljw sfo{j|md ;~rflnt ug{ ;lsG5 .

n}ª\lus lx+;f lj?4 xfdLn] ug{ ;Sg] cleofg


cfkm"nfO{ dlxnf lx+;f lj?4df ;fj{hlgs ¿kdf v8f u/]/ jf ;fj{hlgs c8fg lnP/

n}ª\lus lx+;f lj?4 ;dfhdf cu'jf JolStTjx¿sf] ;xof]u h'6fP/

n}ª\lus lx+;f lj?4 5nkmn, ax; rnfP/

lx+;fdf k/]sfnfO{ ;xof]u k'¥ofO{ pbfx/0f ag]/

cfkm" :jod+\n] dlxnf lj?4 lx+;f gu/]/

cGo ;d'bfo;“u o;af/] s'/f u/]/

cfkm\gf] ;d'bfodf /x]sf] ;fdflhs lnª\ue]bd"ns k|j[lQ k/:k/fx¿ dfGotf / rfnrng lj?4 xf“s lbP/ .

tnsf] syf cWoog u/L o; cleofg ;DaGwdf cfkm"n] ug{ ;Sg] e"ldsf dgg u/f}“ -syfsf kfqx¿ sfNklgs x'g_

;?sf >Ldfg\ Zofds'df/ ;fdfGotoM c;n dflg; dflgG5g\ . t/ pgsL >Ldlt ;? ;fd'bflos e]nfx¿df uPsf] pgnfO{ dg kb}{gYof] . Pslbg sfdaf6 kmls{Pkl5 pgn] ;? To:t} Pp6f e]nfdf uPsf] rfn kfP . o;n] pgnfO{ w]/} l/; p7\of] .

;? kmls{P/ cfPkl5 pgn] lgs} ufnL u/] / hf]8n] ws]n] klg h;n] ubf{ ;? k5fl/Og\ . ;fj{hlgs e]nfdf uO{ k''?ifx¿;“u lxdlrd a9fp“bf ltdLnfO{ nfh nfUg'kg]{ xf] . pgn] eg] . ;?nfO{ cfkm"n] g} s'g} uNtL u/]em} nfUof] . pgnfO{ cfkm"n] lx+;fsf] ;fdgf ug'{ hfoh xf] ls h:tf] klg nfUof] . ptf ;?sf] l5d]sL ljgf]bn] Zofds'df/sf] 7"nf] :j/ ;'g] / pgsf] 3/df lsg xf]xNnf eO/fv]sf] xf]nf eGg] s'/fn] pgsf] Wofg tflgof] . h'g;'s} sf/0f eP tfklg lx+;fnfO{ ;xg'x'“b}g eGg] pgn] ;f]r] . ljgf]bn] Zofds'df/nfO{ Pp6f e]nfdf n}hfg] c7f]6 u/] . ;? efph'n] xfd|f] ;d'bfosf nflu slt w]/} /fd|f] sfd ug'{ ePsf] 5 . ltdLn] x]g'{k5{ pgn] eg] jxf“sf] uxlsnf ts{x¿nfO{ wGojfb lbg}k5{ h;n] ubf{ ljBfnosf zf}rfno dd{t ug{ j8f sfof{non] /sd pknAw u/fof] .

Zofds'df/nfO{ cfkm"n] ;'g]sf s'/f ljZjf; gePsfn] pgL Pp6f e]nfdf uP . t/ ;d'bfon] ;?sf] sfdsf] ;dy{g u/]sf] b]v]/ pgL crlDet / s]xL v'zL klg eP . pgn] ;?nfO{ u/]sf] Jofjxf/dfly kZrftfk ug{ yfn] .

3/]n' lx+;f :jLsf/ ug'{ eg]sf] dlxnf / k'?ifaLrsf] c;dfgtf a9fpg' xf] .

;dfhdf b]lvPsf lx+;fhGo ck/fwx¿

xfd|f] ;dfhdf b]lvPsf lx+;fhGo ck/fwx¿ o; k|sf/ 5g\M

afn>d÷afnzf]if0f dlxnf lx+;f÷dlxnf zf]if0f r]nLa]6L a]rlvg÷ b]x Jofkf/ dfgj a]rljvg 3/]n' lx+;f aw'jf dhb'/ of}g zf]if0f nfu' cf}ifw b'Jo{;gL bfOhf];“u ;DalGwt lx+;f


wfld{s cGwljZjf; afnljjfx÷ax' ljjfx cgd]n ljjfx hj/h:tL s/0fL jf anfTsf/af6 ue{ wf/0f oftgf ÷of}ghGo x}/fgL ckx/0f tyf xTof dlxnfnfO{ xflg x'g] k/Dk/fut k|rngx¿ z}lIfs ;+:yf jf cGo If]qdf sfd ug]{ l;nl;nfdf ul/g] of}g b'Jo{jxf/ j}jflxs anfTsf/ cflb .

dlxnf tyf aflnsfsf] ;Dk"0f{ hLjgrj|mdf n}ª\lus lx+;f x'g] ub{5 . ue{df 5f]/f eP hGdfpg] t/ 5f]/L /x] ue{ ktg u/fpg] sfdaf6} n}ª\lus lx+;fsf] u'?jft x'G5 . To;}u/L vfgf, cf}ifwL pkrf/ tyf lzIffsf] kx'“rdf ul/g] ljleGg k|sf/sf lje]bfTds sfo{x¿, anhkm\tL b]x Jofkf/, ;d'bfo tyf sfo{ If]qdf kl/g] of}g zf]if0f Pjd\ anfTsf/, of}g b'Jo{jxf/ cflb kb{5g\ . o'jtLx¿n] hj{h:tL ljjfx, bfOhf];“u ;DalGwt lx+;f cyf{t\ bfOhf]s} sf/0faf6 s'6lk6 ug]{, 3/af6 lgsfNg] tyf cfuf] nufO{ Hofg dfg{ vf]Hg] h:tf h3Go ck/fwx¿sf] ;fdfgf ub{5g\ . jf:tjdf lkt[;QfTds ;fdflhs ;ª\u7gleq o;/L 3';]sf] x'G5 ls bdg ug]{nfO{ klg cfkm"n] bdg u/]sf] yfxf gx'g ;S5 / bldtx¿nfO{ klg cfkm" bljPsf] af]w gx'g klg ;S5 . ;dfhdf ;DklQdflysf] bfloTj, /fhgLlts, zlStdflysf] kx'“r / ;|f]tx¿dflysf] kx'“rsf] ;Gbe{df n}ª\lus lje]b df}nfPsf] b]Vg ;lsG5 . t;y{ n}ª\lus lx+;f dfgj clwsf/sf] pnª\3g dfq geO{ o;n] pTkfbsTjdf ;d]t cj/f]w k'¥ofpg], dfgj ;+zfwgdf sdL Nofpg] / cfly{s j[l4 ;d]tnfO{ c;/ kfg]{ ub{5 . o;sf] lg/fs/0fsf nflu ;g\ @)!) nfO{ æn}ª\lus lx+;f lj?4sf] jif{Æ egL 3f]if0ff ul/Psf] 5 . ;fy} o; cleofgnfO{ ;kmn kfg{ bft[ ;+3;+:yf Pjd\ gful/s ;dfh ljBfnob]lv ljZjljBfno;Dd ;Dk"0f{n] cf–cfkm\gf If]qaf6 sfo{of]hgf agfO{ n}ª\lus lx+;f lj?4 ;zSt eP/ nfUg'kg]{ cfjZostf 5 .

xfd|f] ;dfhdf nfvf}“ dlxnfx¿ lx+;fdf k/]sf 5g\ . ;of} afnaflnsfx¿ 3/]n' lx+;f tyf a]rljvgaf6 kLl8t ePsf 5g\ . pgLx¿n] cfkm\gf] Ifdgf cg'¿k ;dfhdf k"j{ of]ubfg k'¥ofpg ;ls/x]sf 5}gg\ . o;n] ubf{ xfd|f] ;dfhn] ;+j[l4 u'dfO/x]sf] 5 . lsgls b]zn] cfh{g ug]{ ;DklQsf] b'O{ ltxfO{ efudf dlxnfx¿sf] of]ubfg /x]sf] x'G5 . of] Pp6f dlxnf clwsf/sf] k|Zg jf cfkm\gf] clwsf/ u'dfPsf dlxnfx¿sf] dfq} s'/f xf]Og . o;n] dfgj ;Eotfs} ljsf;, k|ult / lg/Gt/tfdf cfO/x]sf] x|f; / hf]lvdnfO{ Oª\lut ub{5 .

xfd|f] ;dfhdf cem} klg lkt[;Qfsf] h/f] dha't ¿kdf ufl8Psf] 5 eGg] s'/f xfdL htftt} kfpg ;S5f}“ . pbfx/0fsf] ¿kdf aRrfn] k9\g] :s'nsf] lstfadf n]lvPsf] x'G5 . æWho is the head of your family < Father is the head of our family Æ a'jfn] 3/ aflx/ uP/ sfd u/]/ k};f sdfP/ Nofpg'x'G5 . cfdfn] eft ksfpg'x'G5 . o;y{ xhf/f}“ jif{ k'/fgf] lkt[;QfTds ;+/rgfnfO{ ha;Dd xfdLn] dfGotf lbO/xG5f}“ ta;Dd n}ª\lus lje]bnfO{ x6fpg] s'/fn] ;fy{s kl/0ffd k|fKt ug{ ;Sb}gg\ . tnsf 36gfx¿af6 of] s'/f k|:6 x'G5 .


nfu" kbfy{ ;]jg ug{ yfn]kl5 /fdnfO{ Pr=cfO=le= P8\; h:tf]

vt/gfs /f]unfUof] . yfx} gkfO{ p;n] k'/fgf] ;'O{ k|of]u ubf{ sL6f0f'åf/f pm ;ª\j|mldt x'g k'Uof] .

b;jif{sf] Ps afnsnfO{ ljBfnoaf6 lgsfn]/ Pp6f sf7 sf/vfgfdf ;|f]x 306f;Dd hj/h:tL sfddf nufOG5 .

Pp6L dlxnf k|fOe]6 sfof{nodf sfd ub{lyg\ t/ pgsf] xflsd /

;xsdL{af6 ;w}“h;f] of}ghGo x}/fgL ;xg jfWo kfl/Psf]

lyof] . pgsf] cfly{s cj:yf sdhf]/ eP klg lx+;f ;xg' x'“b}g eg]/ pgn] s]xL ;dokl5 sfof{no g} 5f]8\g'k¥of] .

cy{ ga'lem u/]sf] wd{n] ?l9jfbnfO{ klg hGdfp“5 / ?l9jfbn] n}ª\lus e]befj l;h{gf ub{5g\ . h;n] ubf{ lje]bsf] hGd x'G5 . h:tf] /HjZjnf gePsL s]6Lsf] ljjfx u/] cfdfafa' :ju{ hfg kfp“5g\, kltsf] d[To' kZrft\ ljwjfn] d[ts kltsf] ;tdf a;] ljwjf :ju{ hfg kfp“5] h:tf s'/Lltx¿ ga'lem dfg]sf] wd{n] ubf{ k|f]T;flxt ePsf 5g\ .


kl/R5]b – kf“r

n}ª\lus lx+;fsf] lg/fs/0f

k[i7e"ld

n}ª\lus lx+;fsf sf/0f g]kfndf ljz]if u/L dlxnf / aflnsf hxf“ klg h'g;'s} ;do / h'g pd]/df klg kLl8t eO/x]sf 36gf lbgk|ltlbgsf] va/ aGg] u/]sf 5g\ . PSsfO;f}“ ztfAbLdf klg dlxnf :jtGq eP/ cfkm\gf] clwsf/sf] pkef]u ug{ gkfpg', pkef]u ug{ g;Sg' ;/sf/sf nflu r'gf}tL dfq ge} xfdL ;a}sf nflu /x/ nfUbf] jt{dfg / cfz nfUbf] eljioaf6 6f9f ePsf] ;fª\s]t xf] . lzz' /x]sf] lnª\usf] klxrfg ePb]lv ;'? ePsf] lx+;f cGTosf] kvfO{ hLjg ko{Gt;Dd /xg ;S5 .

elgG5 n}ª\lus lx+;f ue{df /x]sf] lzz'sf] lnª\u klxrfg ePb]lv g} ;'? x'G5 . lx+;f n}ª\lus lx+;fsf 36gf ug]{ u/fpg]x¿sf nflu s'g} klg 36gf ;fdfGo nfUg ;S5 t/ To;sf] c;/n] kLl8tsf] k"0f{ Ifdtf ljsf;df ;w{“} cj/f]w v8f ub{5 eGg] s'/fdf larf/ k'¥ofPsf] kfOb}g . o; lsl;dsf] j}olSts c;/n] ;du| /fli6«o pTkfbgdf Iflt k'¥ofO/x]sf] x'G5 . To;}n] n}ª\lus lx+;f ;dfgtf, zflGt / ljsf;sf /fli6«o cleofgdf 7"nf] afws xf] .

;dfhdf lbg k|ltlbg 36\g] n}ª\lus 36gfsf :j¿k ljleGg x'G5g\, h;nfO{ ;fdfGotof tLg ju{df 5'6\ofP/ x]g]{ ul/G5 . h:t}M

dgf]j}1flgs lx+;f -eo, qf;, ufnL, a]jf:tf cflb_

zf/Ll/s lx+;f -s'6lk6 ug],{ k|xf/ ug]{, hnfpg], yKk8 dfg]{ cflb_

;fj{hlgs If]qdf x'g] lx+;f -anfTsf/, 3/lgsfnf, a]rljvg, bfOhf]sf] nflu /sd e'StfgL cflb .


ljleGg sf/0fn] n}ª\lus lx+;fsf 36gfx¿ 36\g] u5{g\ . sf/0f ljZn]if0f ug]{ xf] eg] lx+;fsf o;df d'Vo u/L b'O{cf]6f sf/0f b]lvG5 . tL x'g\ – c1fgtfn] ul/g ] b'Jo{jxf/ / a'em krfP/ ul/g] b'Jo{jxf/ . c1fgtfsf sf/0fn] ul/g] b'Jo{jxf/ cyf{t lx+;f vf;u/L lzIff / r]tgfsf] sdLn] x'g] u5{ h;df kDk/fjfbL ;f]r+ dfGotfn] Jojxf/df ;lhn} :yfg kfp“5 . a'emkrfP/ ul/g] b'Jo{jxf/ cyf{t\ n}ª\lus lx+;f 1fg / r]tgfsf] :t/ dfly eP/ klg ;'ema'emsf ;fy ljj]sk"0f{ tl/sfsf] Jojxf/ gug]{, cfkm\gf] OHht / k|lti7fnfO{ dfq dfly 7fGg], cfkm\gf] Jojxf/af6 csf]{ JolStdf kg{ hfg] c;/ af/] a]jf:tf ug]{ h:tf lj|mofsnfk / Jojxf/ k|blz{t ePsf x'G5g\ . pbfx/0fsf nflu 5f]/Lx¿dfq hGdfPsf] sf/0f a'xf/LnfO{ ug]{ Jojxf/ ufnL unf]h, 5f]/fnfO{ csf]{ ljjfx ug{ nufpg] h:tf 36gf x'g]df lzIff / r]tgfsf] sdLsf] sf/0fsf] e"ldsf a9L ePsf] x'G5 eg] k9]n]v]sf] kltn] 5f]/Lx¿dfq hGd lbPsf] sf/0f kTgLnfO{ k6sk6s 5f]/f kfpg bjfj lb“b} clglR5t ue{wf/0f u/fpg', /fd|f];“u gaf]Ng', 5f]/f gkfP csf]{ ljx] ug]{ wDsL lbg' a'em krfP/ ul/g] n}ª\lus lx+;f dflgG5 .

sf/0f h'g;'s} eP klg n}ª\lus lx+;fn] k|efljt JolSt, kl/jf/nfO{ zf/Ll/s dfgl;s kL8f Pjd\ ;fdflhs, cfly{s ;f+:s[lts ;fy} /fhg}lts jl~rtLs/0fsf] l:ylt l;h{gf ug]{ ePsfn] o;n] dfgj clwsf/sf] xgg ;d]tsf] cEof; ul//x]sf] x'G5 . hxf“ dfgj clwsf/sf] xgg eO/x]sf] x'G5 Tof] d'n'sdf g zflGt x'G5 g ;+j[l4sf] 9f]sf v'N5 g t ;'zf;gsf] k|Tofe"ld g} ug{ ;lsG5 . n}ª\lus lx+;fsf] k|efjn] ax'If]q k|dfljt x'g] ePsfn] To;sf] lg/fs/0f ug{ ;a} kIfsf] e"ldsfnfO{ ;/sf/L k|of;df cfj4 ug{ h?/L eO;s]sf] 5 . o;/L n}ª\lus lx+;fsf 36gfx¿ w]/yf]/ ¿kdf km/s ;+:s[lt, wd{, k/Dk/f, e"uf]n, hfthflt nufotdf 36\g] ub{5g . o;sf] bfo/f :je"ld, cyf{t\ :jb]zleq dfq ;Lldt g/xL aflx/L hutdf ;d]t km}lnO;s]sf] 5 . h;sf] sf/0f xfd|f] sltko lgbf]{z r]nLx¿ ljb]zL e"lddf klg n}ª\lus lx+;fsf l;sf/ ag]sf 5g\ . :jb]zL e"lddf cyf]{kfh{g ug{ kfPsf] eP, bnfnsf] kmGbfaf6 aRg ;Sg] r]tgf ePsf] eP / dlxnf clwsf/sf] ;'lgZrttf ePsf] eP pgLx¿ lx+;fsf] l;sf/ aGgaf6 cjZo aRg ;Sg] lyP .

ca s] ug{ ;lsG5 t <

ljut ;lDemP/ k5'tfpg'eGbf ljutaf6 kf7 l;s]/ cufl8 a9\g' cfhsf] cfjZostf xf] . o;sf nflu ;/sf/n] /fli6«o:t/df gLlt, of]hgf sfo{j|md tyf sfof{of]hgf;lxt cufl8 a9\g'kg]{ clgjfo{tf t 5 g} To;nfO{ ;a} JolSt ju{, k];f, ;d'bfoaf6 ;lj|mo ;xof]u k'¥ofpg' xfdL ;a}sf] bfloTj xf] . k];fut bfloTj lgjf{x ul//x]sf lzIfs ju{sf] ;lj|motf, ;+nUgtf, ;xsfo{ tyf ;xof]u o; If]qdf a9L dxŒjk"0f{ x'g] s'/fdf g]kfn ;/sf/ a9L cfzfjfbL 5 .

n}ª\lus lx+;f lg/fs/0fsf pkfox¿


n}ª\lus lx+;fdf dlxnf / aflnsf a9L kLl8t x'g] tYofª\sn] b]vfP tfklg k'?if / afns o:tf] lx+;fdf kb} kb}{gg\ eGg] xf]Og . t/ ;dfhdf o:tf 36gf guGo 36\g] ub{5g\ . w]/}h;f] ;dfhdf 36\g] n}ª\lus lx+;fsf 36\gf tyf k|efjaf/] tnsf] k|Zgx¿af6 a'em\g ;lsG5 .

Psk6s of] syf k9f} / cfkm"n] ug{ ;lsg] e"ldsf dgg u/f}“

@@ jifL{o /Ltf cfkm\gL cfdf, alxgL / bfh';“u;“u} al:yg\ . pgL /]l8of] pb\3f]ifssf] ¿kdf sfd uly{g\ . pgL cfkm\gf] sfd ;f/} ?lrk"j{s uly{g\ / To;af6 pgnfO{ /fd|} sdfO{ klg x'GYof] .

t/ bfh'nfO{ alxgLn] ug]{ sfd dg k/]sf] lyPg . pgnfO{ sfdsf nflu /ft lj/ft lx“8\g'kg]{ s'/f dg kb}{gYof] . bfh'n] alxgLnfO{ ljjfx gx'Gh]n 3/d} a:g'k5{ / To;/L sfd /ft ;f“em ug'{ 7Ls xf]Og / pgn] kl/jf/sf] OHht kmfln/x]sL l5g eGg] nfUYof] . pgn] alxgLnfO{ 3/ aflx/ hfg aGb]h nufp“y] / s6' argåf/f pgsf] ckdfg uy]{ . lj:tf/lj:tf/ pgL cfkm\gf] sfof{nodf k|fo cg'kl:yt x'g nflug\, h;n] ubf{ pgsL xflsd klg lrlGtt eOg\ / pgn] /Ltfsf] 3/df s]xL eO/x]sf] x'g'k5{ eGg] s'/f kQf nufOg\ .

pgL /Ltfsf] k|ltefaf6 k|efljt lyOg\ / /LtfnfO{ ;3fpg rfxlGyg\ . To;sf nflu s]xL kxn uf]?“ jf gu?“ pgL bf]wf/df kl/g\ . cflv/ Tof] /Ltfsf] kl/jf/leqsf] dfdnf lyof] . tfklg xflsd pgnfO{ ;xof]u ug{ cl3 ;g]{ lg0f{o ul/g\ . pgn] klxn] /LtfnfO{ cfkm\gf kl/jf/hgsf dfG5]nfO{ cfkm\gf] sfof{nodf af]nfO{ cfkm\gf] k];f / sfdaf/] hfgsf/L u/fpg ;Nnfx lbOg\ . ;Nnfxcg';f/ /Ltfn] cfkm\gL cfdf, bfh' / alxgLnfO{ cfkm\gf] sfof{nodf cfpg cg'/f]w ul/g\ .

s]xL lxrlsrfx6 eP klg pgLx¿n] pgsf] sfof{no hfg dfg] . sfof{nodf pgsf]] OHht / pgsf] sfdsf] dxŒj b]v]/ cfdf, bfh' / alxgL ;a}hgf rlst kg'{sf] ;fy} v';L klg eP . To;kl5 bfh'n] klg /LtfnfO{ /fd|f] b[li6n] x]g{ / pgsf] sfdsf] cfb/ ug{ yfn] .

3/]n' lx+;fsf] sf/0fn] dlxnfx¿ hLjgsf w]/}h;f] cj;/x¿af6 al~r+t eO/x]sf 5g\ . of] cj:yfdf kl/jt{g Nofpgsf nflu o;af/]df ;fj{hlgs ¿kd} ax; rnfpg h?/L x'G5 .

lgDg k|Zgx¿sf] pQ/ vf]hf}“


>LdltnfO{ nft df/]/ p;sf] efjgf lhTg ;lsG5 < 5f]/f ghGdfpg' dlxnfsf] dfq} bf]if xf] < tkfO{“sL 5f]/L h:t} a'xf/L klg s;}sL 5f]/L xf]Ogg\ < ul/aLsf] s'rj|mdf dlxnfx¿ a9L kgf{sf] sf/0f s] xf] < j}jflxs ue{ ktg 5f]/L e|'0fsf] dfq} lsg u/fOG5 < >LdtLnfO{ hnfP/ bfOhf] a9\5 < clglZrt ue{wf/0faf6 kl/jf/df ;'v 5fpnf < cfkm\gf] cfgGbsf] nflu s'}nfO{ af6f] 5]Sbf lh:Sofpg ;pnfO{ klg c;/sf] af/] Vofn 5 < dlxnfn] ug]{ 3/fol; sfdsf] lsg d"Nofª\sg ul/“b}g < s;}k|lt ul/Psf] b'Jo{jxf/n] lxgtfaf]w u/fp“b}g < Ifl0fs of}g t[lKtsf nflu s;}sf] hLjg ajf{b ug'{ dfgjhGo Jojxf/ xf] < ljb"/ / ljwjf ljjfxdf ;dfhsf] dfGotf Pp6{ 5 < sf]7Ldf a]Rg nfluPsL r]nL tkfO{“ eP s] x'GYof] xf]nf < dlxnf hf] u/La, ckfª\u, blnt 5 eg] p;sf] ax' ;d:ofsf] ef]ufO{ sNkgf ug{ ;Sg'x'G5 < tkfO{“ c¿af6 ;Ddfghgs Jojxf/ rfxg'x'G5 eg] tkfO{sf] Jojxf/ klg cfb/0fLo x'g'kb}{g <

n}ª\lus lx+;faf6 dlxnf / s]6Lx¿ a9L k|efljt x'g] lsg <

s] dlxnfnfO{ k'?if ;/xsf] hLjg lhpg] clwsf/ 5}g <

;dfhn] dlxnf / k'?ifnfO{ ;dfg zlStsf] ¿kdf x]g{ ;s]sf] 5 <

bfOhf];“u dlxnfsf] t'ngf ug'{ pko'St x'G5 < 5fpkl8, b]psL, em'df h:tf k|yfn] dlxnfsf]

clwsf/ pkof]u ug{ lbG5 < r]tgfsf] sdLn] dfq} nª\lus lx+;f x'g] u5{ < 5f]/L bfg lbg] j:t' xf] of zlSt < dlxnf / k'?if ljgfsf] 3/ sNkgf ug{ dg

k/fpg'x'G5 < afn ljjfxn] n}ª\lus lx+;fnfO{ k|>o lbg] s'/f

Vofn ug'{ ePsf] 5 < dlxnf ;[li6 wfGgsf nflu dfq pkof]u x'g] j:t'

xf] < 3/]n' lx+;fn] tkfO“sf] ;Gtltsf] jt{dfg / eljio

clglZrt\ agfp“b}g < tkfO{“n] af]Ng] pvfg 6'Ssf ;a}nfO{ dfGo 5 < dlxnf / s]6Lx¿ hlxn] klg c;'/lIft lsg< ;+klQdf dlxnfsf] xs k+x'r gx“bf kl/lgdf{/tf a9fp“b}g < tkfO{“sf] 3/df dlxnfn] klg cfTdlgdf{/tfsf]

cg'e"lt ug{ kfPsf 5g\ <

åGå < ul/aL

k|fs[lts k|sf]k s'/Llt

oL / o:tf k|Zg y'k|} x'g ;S5g\ t/ ck]lIft pQ/ xf] ‘c;n Jojxf/’ . dfgjhGo, lje]b/lxt / cfkm"n] c¿af6 ck]Iff ug]{ Jojxf/x¿ u/f}“, n}ª\lus lx+;f lgjf/0fsf] nflu ;xof]u k'¥ofof}“ .


n}ª\lus lx+;fsf] l;sf/ sf]xL klg aGg -dlxnf÷k'?if_ gk/f];\ eGg] clek|fosf ;fy g]kfn ;/sf/n] ;g\ @)!) nfO{ æn}ª\lus lx+;flj?4 jif{Æ 3f]if0ff u/]sf] 5 . o;} ;Gbe{df ædlxnf k'?if, s]6L Pjd\ s]6fx¿n] cfkm\gf] ;Defjgf k"0f{ ¿kdf pkof]u ug{ ;Sg] Pjd\ ;Ddflgt hLjg lhpg] n}ª\lus lx+;f d'St g]kfnÆ eGg] bL3{sfnLg nIo ;/sf/n] cl3 ;f/]sf] 5 .

pko'{St nIo k|flKtsf nflu ;/sf/ / ;+j4 lgsfoaf6 lgDg pkfox¿ cjnDag ug'{ kg]{ b]lvG5 M

n}ª\lus ah]6sf] Joj:yf, Jojxfl/s sfof{Gjog / k|efjsf/L cg'udg

dlxnfx¿sf] Ifdtf ljsf;, cj;/df j[l4 / ;|f]tdf kx“'rsf] ;'lglZrttf

n}ª\lus b[li6n] ljz]if cfjZostfsf] klxrfg, of]hgf lgdf{0fb]lv k|ltkmn af“8kmf“8 tyf k|efjsf/L cg'udgdf dlxnf / k'?ifsf] ;lj|mo ;xeflutfsf] ;'lglZrttf

cfd ;d'bfonfO{ n}ª\lus k|lzIf0f ;~rfng

;/sf/L Pjd\ ;a} ;+3;+:yfdf h]G8/ cl86

cfjZostfcg';f/ cg';Gwfg tyf ;'emfj sfof{Gjog

zflGt :yfkgf / /fhg}lts l:y/tf sfod

;fdflhs jl~rtLs/0fdf k/]sfx¿sf] :yfgLo:t/df j8fut tYofª\s ;ª\sng u/L cfjZostfcg';f/sf] ljz]if Kofs]h sfo{j|md ;~rfng

;f+:s[lts cl:tTj k|jw{g tyf /fli6«o Pstfdf hf]8 lbg]

s]Gb|b]lv :yfgLo tx;Dd ljljw k|sf/sf v08Ls[t cf“s8f-Disaggregrated data_ ;ª\sng Joj:yfkg / To;sf] of]hgf lgdf{0fdf pkof]u

;~rf/dfWodx¿;“u ;xsfo{

ul/af]Gd'v tyf lk5l8Psf dlxnfnfO{ cfocfh{g tyf cfTdlge{/tf k|jw{g sfo{j|md ;~rfng

j}slNks phf{ pTkfbg tyf ljsf;df hf]8

cfwf/e"t lzIffsf] clgjfo{tf, :jf:Yof]krf/ tyf :j:y vfg]kfLsf] ;'netf / pknAwtfsf] ;'lglzrttf

:yflkt k/Dk/f ;+:s[ltsf] ;sf/fTds pkof]u

df}lns clwsf/ pkof]usf] ;'lglZrttf

dfgj clwsf/sf] ;+/If0f

;/sf/L tyf cGo If]qsf ultljlwdf ;dfj]zLs/0f

tLj| ljsf;sf nflu :yfgLos/0f

:yfgLo lgsfodf lgjf{lrt kbflwsf/L :yflkt ug{ zL3|sfo{ yfngL


/fhg}lts kf6L{x¿df k|hftfGqLs/0f

;'zf;gsf] k|Tofe"lt .

pko'{St s'/fx¿af6 of] :ki6 x'G5 ls n}ª\lus lx+;f s'g} Ps ljifo, If]q jf kIfsf] dfq ;/f]sf/ jf rf;f]sf] Ph]08f xf]Og, h;nfO{ ;lhn} ;dfwfg ug{ ;lsof];\ . of] Pp6f cGt/;DalGwt d'2f Crosscutting issue s} ¿kdf JofKt ePsfn] ;a} ;/sf/L / cGo lgsfo ljleGg ju{ If]qsf] ;dGjo, ;xdlt tyf ;xsfo{ h?/L 5 . oBlk o;sf nflu gLlt lgdf{0fb]lv sfof{Gjog / cg'udg k|lj|mof;Dd lzIff If]qsf] cxd\ e"ldsf /xG5 . o; ;Gbe{df lzIfs tyf ljBFno kl/jf/sf] e"ldsf cem} dxŒjk"0f{ x'g] ePsfn] e"ldsf s]nfpg] k|of; ul/Psf] 5 .

ljBfnodf cjnDag ug{ ;lsg] Jofjxfl/s pkfox¿

!= ljBfnodf sfo{ ;d"x u7g tyf kl/rfng ug]{

n}ª\lus lx+;f eg]sf] cfuf]sf] lkmlnª\uf] h:t} xf] h;nfO{ hfgLhfgL 5f]P klg kf]N5, yfxf gkfO{ 5f]P kf]N5 . ;lNsg] cj;/ kfP 6f]n} Wj:t klg kf5{ . To;}n] o;nfO{ lg/fs/0f ug{ klxn] ljBFno kl/jf/nfO{ n}ª\lus lx+;faf/] ;r]t u/fpg] / OR5's ljBfyL{ / lzIfs ;d]tsf] sfo{ ;d"x u7g u/L ;d'bfodf ;r]ttf lj:tf/ tyf ;ts{tf Pjd\ ;dembf/L j[l4 u/fpg] sfo{ ug]{ .

@= n}ª\lus lx+;f / To;sf] k|efj;DaGwL ;fdu|L ;ª\sng tyf k|bz{g ug]{

kqklqsf, /]l8of], l6eLaf6 va/ ;ª\sng lzIfs ljBFyL{ lgld{t sf6'{g lrq, n]v /rgfnfO{ ljBFno tyf ;fj{hlgs :yn tyf k':tsfnodf k|bz{g ug]{, c¿sf] k|ltlj|mof lnO{ yk ;'wf/ ug]{ .

#= n}ª\lus lx+;f k|efljtx¿sf] lgjb]g ;ª\sng afs; Joj:yf

ljBfnodf lx+;f kLl8tx¿sf] lgj]bg afs; /fVg] / ;f]sf af/]]df hfgsf/L ;d'bfonfO{ lbg] Joj:yf ldnfpg] . ;ª\slnt lgj]bgsf cfwf/df yk lx+;f gx'g] pkfo;lxt ;DalGwtnfO{ jsfnt÷k}/jL -Advocate_ ug{ ;xof]u lzIfs ljBfyL{ kl/rfng ug]{ . .

$= ljBfyL{af6 cgf}krfl/s ¿kdf 36gf ;ª\sng

cf}krfl/s ¿kdf ;f]Wbf ljBfyL{af6 cfkm\gf] 3/sf] jf:tljs lx+;fsf 36gf gatfpg ;Sg] ePsfn] lzIfsn] cgf}krfl/s 36gf ;ª\sng / To;sf] ;dfwfgsf nflu pgLx¿ :jod\sf] e"ldsf l;h{gf ug{ nufO{ To;sf] cgf}krfl/s cg'udg ug]{ / pgLx¿sf] txaf6 gx'g] s'/fdf lzIfsn] ;xof]u ug{ kxn ug]{ .

%= cfrf/ ;+lxtf lgdf{0f tyf sfof{Gjog


ljBfno Joj:yfkg ;ldlt, cleefjs tyf lzIfs ljBfyL{sf] ;+nUgtf / ;lj|motfdf cfrf/;+lxtf lgdf{0f tyf sfof{Gjog ug]{ h;n] cg';fzg, g}ltstf, Odfgbf/Ltf / st{Jokfngf ug{ w]/} xb;Dd d2t k'¥ofp“5 ;fy} o;n] lx+;f / b'/frf/nfO{ lg?T;flxt kfg{ ;xof]u k'¥ofp“5 .

^= n}ª\lus lx+;faf/] kl/of]hgf sfo{ Project work_ lbg]

;dfhdf 36\g] ljleGg 36gf / To;sf] k|efjaf/] hfgsf/Lsf] ljsf; ug{ / To;af6 ;sf/fTds l;sfO u/fpg ljBfyL{nfO{ n}ª\lus lx+;f ljifoj:t'df kl/of]hgf sfo{ -Project work_ bg] / To;nfO{ ljBfyL{ d"Nofª\sgsf] Pp6f cfwf/sf] ¿kdf pkof]u ug]{ .

&= ;To syf n]vg

;fj{hlgs :yfgLo ;xof]uL ;ª\3 ;+:yfsf] ;xof]udf ljBfnodf ljBfyL{ lzIfsaf6 kfqsf] gfd cs]{ /fvL n}ª\lus lx+;f;“u ;DalGwt ;To syf n]vg k|ltof]lutf cfof]hgf jf ;ª\sng u/L k':tsfnodf -:yfgLo÷ljBfno_df /fVg] tyf :yfgLo kqklqsf jf PkmPdaf6 k|;f/0f ug]{ Joj:yf ldnfpg] .

*= :yfgLo kf7\oj|md;“u n}ª\lus lx+;f /f]Sg] ljifoj:t'nfO{ ;dfj]z ug]{

:yfgLo kf7\oj|md lgdf{0f ubf{ n}ª\lus lx+;f / dfgj cl3sf/sf ljifoj:t'nfO{ cgf}krfl/s ¿kdf k|j]z u/fpg] h;nfO{ cEof;,n]vg jf cGo tl/sfaf6 klg l;sfpg ;lsof];\ .

(= ;'emfj y}nL /fVg]

k|To]s sIffdf sk8fsf] Ps y}nL ÷emf]nf /fv]/ / To;nfO{ ;'emfj y}nL gfd lbg] . s'g} ljBfyL{af6 n}ª\lus lje]b, lx+;f jf of}ghGo x}/fgL -sexual harassment_ u/]sf jf cGo lx+;fTds ultljlw ePdf p;sf] sdLsdhf]/L cf}“NofO ;'emfj;lxtsf] a]gfdL l6kf]6 pSt y}nLdf /FVg] / k|To]s lbg dlg6/n] Tof] vf]n]/ ;DalGwtnfO{ uf]Ko ¿kdf lbg] Joj:yf ug{ ;lsG5 . o;f]\ ubf{ p;n] u/]sf uNtL k'gM gbf]x¥ofcf];\ eGg]tkm{ Wofg lbg'k5{ .

!)= ;dfj]zL lzIfs Joj:yf

ljBfnodf lzIFs b/aGbL l/St ePdf /fxtsf]6f jf cGo cj;/af6 lzIfs egf{ ubf{ ;d'bfosf of]Uotf k|fKt ljleGg hfthfltsf dlxnf tyf k'?ifnfO{ 5gf]6 u/L -cfjZos k/] ;sf/fTds lje]båf/f;d]t 5gf}6 u/L_ ljBfno jftfj/0f ;fdfj]zL agfpg] tf ls ;a}n] ljBfnonfO{ xfd|f] ljBfno eg]/ dfGg ;s"g\ . ljBfno Pjd\ ;d'bfoaLr ;f}xb{tf sfod /xg ;sf];\ .

!!= ;dGjo / ;xsfo{


ljBfno kl/jf/n] :yfgLo lgsfo u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yf ljleGg :yfgLo Sna tyf :yfgLo ;d"xx¿;“u n}ª\lus lx+;f lgjf/0fsf nflu ;dGjog / ;xsfo{sf nflu sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f tyf sfo{Gjog ug]{ .

!@= cgf}krfl/s sIffdf ;Gb]z k|:t'lt

lzIfs tyf ljBfnosf] dflyNnf] sIffsf ljBfyL{x¿n] cfkm\gf] glhssf] cgf}krfl/s dlxnf, k|f}9 sIff tyf cgf}krfl/s ljBfnodf n}ª\lus lx+;faf/] sIff lng kxn ug]{ . o:tf] sIff a9L ;r]tgf / Jofjxfl/s kl/jt{gsf nflu k|efjsf/L x'g] ub{5 .

!#= lxhf]sf] uNtL cfhsf] ;'wf/ cg'ej cfbfgk|bfg

n}ª\lus lx+;faf/] k|:6 x'g / ljBfyL{nfO{ :ki6 kfg{ lzIFsn] cfkm"n] hfg]/ jf cghfgdf ljutdf u/]sf n}ª\lus lx+;f jf b'Jo{jxf/ ;+lDemg], To;af6 k/]sf] c;/ s]nfpg] / xfn u/]sf] ;'wf/fTds kIf ;d]t atfpg] / ljBfyL{nfO{ To;af/] cg'udg ug{ nufpg] . To:t} u/L ljBFyL{x¿nfO{ klg ;f]xL k|lj|mof ug{ nufO{ ;fyLx¿af6 :j]lR5s cg'udg ug{ nufpg] / km';{bsf] ;dodf ljBFnodf To;sf] 5nkmn ug]{ u/] ;'wf/sf nflu ;xof]u k'Ug ;S5 .

!$= cg'udg

ljBfno;“u ;/f]sf/ /fVg] lgsfo, ;d'bfo;“u ldn]/ ljutsf n}ª\lus lx+;fsf 36gfsf] cfwf/df cg'udg ;"rs tof/ u/L @–# hgfsf] ;d"x agfO{ cg'udg u/L ;f]sf] k|ltj]bg ljBfno ;"rgf kf6Ldf 6f“; ug]{ -JolStsf] gfd hfgsf/L glbg]_ / n}ª\lus lx+;f lgjf/0fsf nflu ;xof]u k'¥ofpg]x¿nfO{ ljBfnodf ljz]if ;df/f]xdf ;Ddfg kq kdfq0fkq jf ;Ddfg k|bfg ug]{ Joj:yf ug]{ .

!$= b}lgs lzIf0f lj|mofsnfkdf n}ª\lus lx+;f / To;sf] k|efjaf/] pko'St k|;ª\u hf]8\g] Joj:yf ldnfpg]

cfkm"n] k9fpg] ljifosf ljifoj:t', k9fp“bf pbfx/0f cEof; cflb lb“bf n}ª\lus lx+;f / o;sf] k|efj / lg/fs/0fsf pkfoaf/] k|;ª\u hf]8]/ k9fpg]] . b}lgs k7gkf7g ubf{, v]n v]nfp“bf jf sIff aflx/sf] lj|mofsnfkdf ;d]t ;DalGwt ljifoj:t';“u n}ª\lus lx+;f, o;sf] k|efj / lg/fs/0fsf pkfoaf/] pbfx/0f lbg], cEof; u/fpg] jf 5nkmn ug]{ tl/sf ckgfpg] . pko'{St pkfox¿nfO{ ;Defljt ;'wf/sf pkfo 7fgL k|:t't ul/Psf] dfq xf] . lzIfs tyf ljBFno kl/jf/n] c¿ y'k|} pkfo tyf sfo{j|mdåf/f sfo{If]q tyf ;d'bfodf x'g] n}ª\lus lx+;f lgjf/0fsf nflu ;xof]u k'¥ofpg kxn ug{ ;Sb5g\ .

n}ª\lus lx+;f lgjf/0fdf s:sf] e"ldsf s] x'g ;S5 <


s] tkfO“{{sf] ljBfno n}ª\lus d}qL 5 <

k|wfgfWofks lzIfs

lzIfs / lzlIfsfaLr n}ª\lus lje]b gu/L ;dfg cj;/ lbg] .

cfjZostfcg';f/ dlxnf lzIfssf] Jofj;flos Ifdtf ljsf;df ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] .

lzIfsx¿df pTk|]/0ff hufpg lhDd]jf/L yk ub}{ hfg] .

ljBfno jftfj/0f n}ª\lusd}qL agfpg ;xsfo{sf] jftfj/0f h'6fpg] .

cfly{s ;fdflhs ¿kdf lk5l8Psf afnaflnsfnfO{ ljz]if /]vb]v tyf ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] .

ljleGg a}7sx¿df n}ª\lus Ph]08fnfO{ k|fyldstfsf ;fy p7fpg] / cfjZos lg0f{o sfof{Gjog u/fpg] .

ljBfno kl/jf/sf nflu cfrf/;+lxtf lgdf{0f tyf sfof{Gjog ug]{ u/fpg] .

ljBFnodf ;d'bfo;d]tsf] ;+nUgtfdf n}ª\lus lx+;f lj?4sf] ;~hfn :yfkgf ug]{ .

3/ kl/jf/ tyf ljBFnodf n}ª\lus lje]b tyf lx+;f gug]{ .

cfkm\gf] j/k/ n}ª\lus lx+;fsf 36gf 36]df cfkm\gf] ;/f]sf/sf] ljifo 7fgL To;nfO bf]xl/g glbg' k|oTg ug]{ .

ljBFno cfrf/;+lxtfsf] kfngf ug]{ . afn ljjfx, ax'ljjfx tyf r]nLa]6L

a]rlvavg x'g glbg ;fd"lxs cleofg ;~rfng ug]{ .

;d'bfo j/k/ 36\g] k|fs[lts k|sf]k tyf åGåaf6 dlxnf / aflnsf a9L k|efljt x'g] ePsfn] p4f/ / /fxtdf ljz]if ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] .

ljBfyL{{

s]6f / s]6L b'j}n] b'j}nfO{ /fd|f] / ldqjt\ Jojxf/ ug]{ .

ljz]if cfjZostf ePsf -ckfª\u_ blnt, lk5l8Psf] ;d'bfo Pr\=cfO=eL= P8\; kLl8t tyf åGåkLl8t afnaflnsfnfO{ ;b\efj /fVg] / d}qLk"0f{ Jojxf/ ug]{ .

ljBfnosf] cfrf/;+lxtf kfng ug]{ . 3/kl/jf/ tyf ljBfnodf n}ª\lus lje]b

gug]{ tyf lx+;f x'g glbg kxn ug]{ .

bf];|f] tyf t];|f] lnlª\usf] Ifdtfsf] sb/ ug]{ -cjd"Nog gug]{

sfof{of]hgf;lxt n}ª\luslx+;f lj?4sf] cleofgdf ;xsfo{ h'6fpg] .

aflnsfx¿sf] k|ltlglwTj÷g]t[Tjsf nflu hf]8 lbg] .

ljBFno / ;d'bfodf n}ª\lus lje]b lg/fs/0fsf nflu lhDd]jf/ Snasf] ¿kdf :yflkt x'g] .

ljBFno tyf ;fj{hlgs :yndf n}ª\lus lx+;f lj?4 jSt[Tjsnf, lrqsnf, k|jrg cflb cfof]hgf

ug]{ .

;d'bfodf 36\g] k|fs[lts k|sf]k, åGå jf dxfdf/Laf6 k|efljt s]6fs]6Lx¿sf] z}lIfs clwsf/ ;'lglZrttfsf nflu sfo{ ug]{ .

afnSna


5fq / 5fqfsf nflu kfgL;lxtsf] 5'6\6f5'6\6} zf}rfnosf] Joj:yf 5 <

5fq / 5fqfsf] z}lIfs pknlAw:t/ a/fa/ 5 <

5fq / 5fqfnfO{ j]Gr 6]a'nsf] ;'ljwf k|of{Kt 5 <

ljBfnodf dlxnf lzIfsx¿ klg x'g'x'G5 <

sIffdf k7gkf7g ubf{ 5fqfnfO{ cfkm\gf] ts{ egfO /fVg 5fqnfO{ hlt g} ;do lbg] ug'{x'G5 <

sdhf]/ gd'gfsf] ¿kdf 5fqf tyf dlxnfsf] pbfx/0fsf] k|of]u ug'{x'G5 <

sIff dlg6/df 5fq5fqf b'j}sf] k|ltlglwTj 5 <

ljBfnodf 5fq 5fqfx¿sf nflu v]n ;fdu|L 5g\ <

5fqfx¿nfO{ klg 5fq ;/x v]n v]Ng] jftfj/0f 5 <

lgMz'Ns kf7\ok':ts 5fq5fqf ;a}n] kfPsf 5g\ <

ljBfnodf dlxnf cleefjssf] cfjfudgsf nflu pTk]|l/t ug'{ ePsf] 5 <

tkfO{“sf] ljBfnodf k|wfgfWofks dlxnf x'g'x'G5 ls k'?if < n}ª\lus ;dfgtfsf nflu ljBfnodf 5nkmn jf s'g} lg0f{o ug'{ePsf] 5 < ljBfnodf x'g] n}lª\lus d}qL jftfj/0fn] n}ª\lus lx+;f cGTo ug{ d2t k'¥ofp“5 . To;}n] ljBfno jftfj/0fnfO{ n}ª\lus d}qL u/fO{ n}ª\lus ;dfgtfsf nflu kxn u/f}“ .

åGå tyf k|fs[lts ljklQsf] ;dodf n}ª\lus lx+;fTds 36gf a9L x'g ;Sg] ePsfn] p4f/ /fxt tyf k'gM:yfkgfsf nflu zL3| tyf ljz]if ;xof]u h?/L kb{5 . o:tf vfnsf 36gfdf clwsf+z dlxnf / aflnsf a9L k|efljt x'g] x'“bf o;tkm{ ;a}sf] Wofg hfg h?/L 5 .


kl/R5]b –5

dlxnf ljsf;;DaGwL cGt//fli6«o k|of;x¿

k[i7e"ld

ljZjdf cfwf cfsfz cf]u6]sf dlxnfx¿ cem} klg k'?if ;/xsf] ;dfg clwsf/af6 al~rt 5g\ . ;g\ !(!) eGbf klxn] ljZjs} dlxnfnfO{ bf];|f] gful/ssf ¿kdf lnOPsf] lyof] . klxnf] k6s k'?if ;/x dlxnfnfO{ klg /fhg}lts, cfly{s, ;fdflhs / z}lIfs clwsf/sf] dfu ub}{ ;ª\ul7t ¿kdf a|flhn, cd]l/sf / rLg h:tf /fi6«x¿af6 cfjfh p7]sf] xf] . log} cfjfhsf] kl/0ffd :j¿k ;g\ !($* sf] ;+o'St /fi6« ;ª\3sf] dfgj clwsf/;DaGwL ljZjJofkL 3f]if0ffkqn] dlxnf / k'?ifnfO{ ;dfg clwsf/sf] k|Tofe"lt lbPsf] xf] . dtbfgsf] clwsf/af6 ;d]t al~rt dlxnfx¿ clxn]sf] cj:yf;Dd cfOk'Ubf ljZjdf b]z xf“Sg] ljlzi6 :yfg;Dd k'Ug ;kmn ePsf 5g\ . dlxnf / k'?if ldn]/ ;dfh aGb5 eg] ljsf;sf nflu klg dlxnf / k'?ifsf] ;dfg ;xeflutf cfjZos x'G5 . dlxnf ljsf;;DaGwL cjwf/0ff sNof0fsf/L -Welfare approach_ ;g\ !(%) b]lv !(&) ;Dd sfod /x\of] . o;n] ljsf;df dlxnf -women in development_ sf] cjwf/0ff cufl8 Nofof] . o; cjwf/0ffcg';f/ dlxnf klg ljsf;sf pkef]Stf x'g\ eGg] dfGotf cufl8 ;f/\of] . ;g\ !(&) b]lv ;g\ !(() ;Ddsf] cjlwdf ljsf; / dlxnf -women and development_ sf] cjwf/0ff ljsl;t eof] h;cg';f/ dlxnf ljsf;sf k|fks dfq xf]Ogg\ . ljsf; / dlxnf;“u;“u} hfg'kb{5 . cyf{t\ ljsf;df dlxnfsf] kx'“r ;xeflutf / lgoGq0f x'g'kg]{ dfGotf ljsl;t eof] . ;g\ !(() kl5 n}ª\lus / ljsf; -Gender and development_ ;DaGwL cjwf/0ff ljsl;t ePsf] 5 . dlxnfsf] nflu ljsf;, dlxnfsf] ljsf; dfj ge} dlxnf / k'?ifsf] ;dfg ljsf; x'g'kg]{ g} kl5Nnf] cjwf/0ff xf] .

dlxnf ljsf;;DaGwL cGt//fli6«o ;Dd]ngx¿

ljZjJofkL ¿kdf dlxnfsf] l:yltdf ;'wf/ Nofpg ;do;dodf ljleGg cGt//fli6«o ;Dd]ngx¿ x'“b} cfPsf 5g\ . dlxnf ljsf;;“u ;DalGwt o:tf ;Dd]ngx¿n] ;dosf] ult, ;dfhsf] dfu / cfjZostf cg'¿k ljleGg ljifodf cfjfh a'nGb u/fpg ;kmn ePsf 5g\ . ;ª\ul7t ¿kdf ul/Psf o:tf k|of;n] j|mdzM ;'wf/ Nofpg ;kmn ePsf 5g\ . dlxnf ljsf; / ;zSQLs/0fsf nflu ePsf o:tf ;Dd]ngx¿ lgDgcg';f/ 5g\ M

-s_ klxnf] cGt/f{li6«o dlxnf ;Dd]ng, ;g\ !(&%

d]lS;sf]df ;DkGg klxnf] ;Dd]ngn] dlxnf ljsf;sf nflu ;g\ !(%) df tof/ ePsf] gLltut vfsfsf cfwf/df sfo{j|md klg x'g'kg]{df hf]8 lbof] . o; ;Dd]ngn] ;dfgtf, ljsf; / zflGtsf p2]Zo;lxt cGt/fli6«o gf/L bzs -;g\ !(&%–!(*%_ 3f]if0ff u¥of]


-v_ bf];|f] cGt/fli6«o dlxnf ;Dd]ng ;g\ !(*)

sf]kgx]ugdf ;DkGg o; dlxnf ;Dd]ngn] dlxnf ljsf;;DaGwL gLlt / sfo{j|mdsf] ;dLIff ub}{ k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjogdf hf]8 lbof] . pSt ;Dd]ngn] :ki6 sfo{of]hgf;lxt dlxnf ljsf;sf If]qdf sfo{ ug'{kg]{ s'/fdf cfjfh a'nGb u¥of] .

-u_ t];|f] cGt/fli6«o dlxnf ;Dd]ng, ;g\ !(*%

s]Gofsf] g}/f]jLdf ;DkGg o; ;Dd]ngn] dlxnfx¿sf /fhg}lts cfly{s, ;fdflhs / gful/s clwsf/x¿ :yflkt x'g'kg]{df hf]8 lbof] . cGt/fli6«o gf/L bzssf ;dfgtf, zflGt / ljsf; h:tf p2]Zox¿ k|ToIf ¿kdf lzIff, :jf:Yo / /f]huf/L;+u ;DalGwt x'g] dx;'z u/L dlxnf ;zSQLs/0fdf hf]8 lbof] .

-3_ rf}yf] cGt/fli6«o dlxnf ;Dd]ng, ;g\ !((%

rLgsf] /fhwfgL a]Olhª\udf ;DkGg of] ;Dd]ng cufl8sf ;Dd]ngeGbf Jofks ;xeflutfdf ;DkGg ePsf] lyof] . o;n] dlxnf ljsf; / ;zStLs/0fsf nflu ljleGg !@ cf]6f If]q tf]sL Beijing Plateform for Action kfl/t u¥of] o;df ;xefuL b]zx¿n] x:tfIf/ u/L k|ltj4tf hgfPsf lyP . o; ;Dd]ngn] dlxnf ;zStLs/0f / n}ª\lus d"nk|jfxLs/0fdf ljz]if hf]8 lbPsf] lyof] . o;df g]kfnn] klg k|ltj4tf hgfPsf] 5 / ;f]xL cg'¿k /fli6«o sfo{of]hgf tof/ eO{ sfof{Gjogdf NofOPsf] 5 .

o;/L ljleGg ;dodf ;DkGg dlxnf ;Dd]ngsf] / ltgn] p7fPsf cfjfhx¿sf] kl/0ffd :j¿k ljsf;sf x/]s lj|mofsnfkdf n}ª\lus ljifoj:t'nfO{ ;d]6\g yflnPsf] 5 . kl5Nnf ;dodf ljZjd~rn] hf/L u/]sf ljleGg 3f]if0ffkqdf klg n}ª\lus ;jfnnfO{ dxŒjsf ;fy p7fPsf] kfOG5 .

;x;|fAbL ljsf; nIo (Millennium Development Goals)

ljsf;f]Gd'v /fi6«x¿sf] cfly{s, ;fdflhs / Goflos ljsf;sf nflu ;g\ @)!% ;Dd k"/f ug]{ u/L ;+o'St /fi6« ;ª\3n] ;g\ @))) df hf/L u/]sf] 3f]if0ffnfO{ ;x;|fAbL ljsf; nIo elgG5 . oh;df ljleGg * cf]6f nIox¿ to ul/Psf 5g\ . tL nIodWo] nIo g+= # n}ª\lus ;dfgtf / ;zStLs/0f / nIo g+= % dft[ :jf:Yodf ;'wf/ h:tf ljifo k|ToIf ¿kdf dlxnf ljsf;;+u ;DalGwt 5g\ .

;a}sf nflu lzIff 8sf/ sfo{9f“rf ;g\ @))) n] ;g\ @))% ;Dddf ljBfno txdf n}ª\lus ;dtf sfod ug]{ / ;g\ @)!% ;Dddf lzIffsf ;a} txdf n}ª\lus ;dfgtf sfod ug]{ nIo /fv]sf] 5 .


dlxnf clwsf/;DaGwL cGt//fli6«o dxf;lGw

!= dlxnf lj?4 ;a} k|sf/sf e]befj cGTo ug]{ dxf;lGw, ;g\ !(&(

dlxnf lj?4 ;a} k|sf/sf e]befj cGTo ug]{ dxf;lGw ;g\ !(&( nfO{ g]kfnn] ;g\ !((! df cg'df]bg u/]sf] 5 . o; dxf;lGwn] dlxnf / ljsf;sf ;Gbe{ dfgj clwsf/sf] d'Vo ;/f]sf/sf] ljifosf] ¿kdf :yflkt u/]sf] 5 . o; dxf;lGwn] cjnDag u/]sf l;4fGtx¿ o;k|sf/ 5g\ M

-s_ jf:tljs ;dfgtfsf] l;4fGt

o; l;4fGtn] /fHosf ljsf;fTds k|oTg / pTkbgzLn ;fwg ;|f]t dfly dlxnf / k'?ifsf] ;dfg kx'“r / lgoGq0f x'g'kg]{ / dlxnfsf] kIfaf6 glthfdf ;dfgtf ;'lglZrt x'g'kg]{ dfGotf /fVb5 .

-v_ clje]bsf] l;4fGt

o; l;4fGtn] sfg'gL, ;fdflhs, Jojxf/ut / k|zf;lgs ;a} If]qdf lje]b ug{ gkfOg]÷gx'g] s'/fsf] ;'lglZrttf ub{5 . o;cGtu{t ;fj{hlgs If]qdf dfq ge} JolStut If]qdf ;d]t clje]bsf] l:ylt x'g'kg]{ s'/fnfO{ hf]8 lbPsf] 5 .

-u_ /fHosf] bfloTjsf] l;4fGt

dlxnf clwsf/sf] ;+/If0f, n}ª\lus ;dtf, ;dfgtf / ;zStLs/0fsf nflu /fHosf] bfloTj ls6fg ug'{ o;sf] ;f/ xf] .

o; dxf;lGwsf] sfof{Gjogsf nflu g]kfn ;/sf/n] /fli6«o sfo{of]hgf tof/ u/L nfu" u/]sf] 5 . o;sf] sfof{Gjog k|ult ljj/0f ;d]t k]; ug]{ ul/Psf] 5 .

@= dlxnf, zflGt / ;'/Iff;DaGwL /fi6«;ª\3Lo ;'/Iff kl/ifb\sf] 3f]if0ff, a'“bf g+=!#@%

ljZjdf ePsf ;a} k|sf/sf åGåsf] cj:yfdf / åGåsf] cj:yfdf / åGåkZrftsf] cj:ydf dlxnf / aflnsfsf] clwsf/ ;+/If0f dfgj clwsf/sf] k"0f{ kfngf x'g] u/L u/fpgsf nflu ;g\ @))) sf] cS6f]j/ #! df /fi6«;ª\3Lo ;'/Iff kl/ifb\åf/f kfl/t 3f]if0ffkq, !#@% dlxnf ;'/Iff / ;dljsf;sf b[li6n] dxŒjk"0f{ b:tfj]hsf] ¿kdf /x]sf] 5 . lbuf] zflGt / åGå ;dfwfgdf dlxnfsf] cy{k"0f{ ;xeflutf / åGåsf ;dodf dlxnf / aflnsf dfly ePsf of}g zf]if0f / lx+;fnufotsf 36gfdf ;+nUgnfO{ sfg'gL sf/jfxLsf] bfo/fdf Nofpg], n}ª\lus lx+;faf6 dlxnfnfO{ ;'/lIft / ;+/lIft t'Nofpg ljz]if pkfo ug]{ tkm{ o; 3f]iff0ffn] hf]8 lbPsf] 5 . g]kfndf gful/s ;dfh / cGt//fli6«o ljsf; ;fem]bf/sf] kxndf o;sf] sfof{Gjogsf] ;'?jft ePsf] 5 . åGåkZrftsf cj:ydf :yfgLo txdf ul7t zflGt ;ldltdf dlxnfsf] k|ltlglwTj u/fOPsf] 5 .

#= cfk|jf;L sfdbf/ / ltgsf] kl/jf/sf] ;'/Iff;DaGwL dxf;lGw, ;g\ !(()

>dahf/sf] ljZjJofkLs/0f;“u} cljsl;t cy{Joj:yf ePsf d'n'ssf dlxnf ljsl;t cy{Joj:yf ePsf d'n'sdf sfdbf/sf] ¿kdf hfg] j|md a9\b} uPsf] ;Gbe{df pgLx¿sf] lxt / ;+/If0fsf nflu of] dxf;lGw hf/L ul/Psf] xf] .


$= dlxnfsf] dof{lbt >d;DaGwL cGt//fli6«o b:tfj]h

cGt//fli6«o >d ;++u7gn] ;a} k|sf/sf dfgjLo >dnfO{ dof{lbt / ;Ddfghgs t'Nofpg / o;nfO{ dfgj clwsf/ / dfgjLo sfg'g, ;fdflhs Gofo / ;dtfd"ns tyf ;dfgtfdf cfwfl/t ;dfh agfpgsf nflu cGt//fli6«o dfkb08 nfu" u/]sf] 5 .

%= a]Olhª 3f]if0ffkq, ;g\ =!((%

dlxnf clwsf/, n}ª\lus ;dfgtf / dlxnf ;zStLs/0f d"n dGq /x]sf] rf}yf] ljZj dlxnf ;Dd]ngn] dlxnf clwsf/sf If]qdf ljz]if of]ubfg k'¥ofPsf] 5 . o; 3f]if0ffkqn] dlxnf clwsf/;DaGwL !@ cf]6f k|d'v ;/f]sf/sf ljifo If]q klxrfg u/L ;+;f/sf ;a} d'n'snfO{ To;df lhDd]jf/ agfPsf] 5 . o;df dlxnf / lzIff, dlxnf / :jf:Yo, dlxnf lj?4sf] lx+;f, dlxnf ;z:q ljb|f]x, dlxnfsf nflu ;+:yfut ljsf;, dlxnfsf] dfgj clwsf/, dlxnf / ;~rf/, dlxnf / jftfj/0f, dlxnf / ul/aL, aflnsf cflb 5g\ . o; 3f]if0ffkqsf] sfof{Gjog :j¿k g]kfnn] ;g\ !((& df n}ª\lus ;dfgtf / ;zStLs/0f;DaGwL /fli6«o sfo{of]hgf tof/ u/L sfof{Gjogdf NofPsf] 5 .

= dfgj j]rljvg lj?4sf] k|:tfj g+=!*@)

;+o'St /fi6« ;ª\3 ;'/Iff kl/ifb\åf/f h'g !(,@))* df k|:tfljt k|:tfj g+= !*@) n] dfgj a]rljvg, dlxnf / aflnsf lj?4sf] lx+;f, anfTsf/, of}g zf]if0f h:tf ljifodf z"Go ;xgzLntf -Zero Tolerance_ sf] gLlt lng'kg]{ / o:tf ck/fwdf ;+nUgnfO{ cGt//fli6«o sfg'gsf] cfwf/df klg sf/jfxL ug{ ;lsg] pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .

s'g} klg ;dfhsf] ljsf;sf cfwf/zLnf dlxnf / k'?if b'j} x'g\ . dlxnf / k'?ifsf] ;dfg ljsf; / ;zStLs/0f ljgf lbuf] ljsf; / zflGt ;Dej 5}g eGg] dx;'; u/L cGt//fli6«o :t/df ljleGg ;Dd]ng, dxf;lGw / k|:tfjx¿ kfl/t ePsf 5g\ . oL ljljw k|of;sf] ;fy{stf tjdfq x'G5 . ha To;sf] k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjog ul/G5 . g]kfn kIf eO{ cg'df]bg u/]sf cle;lGw, dxf;lGw cg'¿k /fli6«o :t/df sfo{of]hgf tof/ eO{ sfof{Gjogdf n}hfg'sf] ;fy} dlxnf ljsf; / ;zStLs/0fsf nlfu dlxnf / k'?if b'j} nflukg'{ cToGt h?/L 5 .

lus lx +;f lj?4sf ] ;r ]tgf k 'l:tsf · 2015-06-24 · 1 n}ª\lus lx +;f lj?4sf ] ;r ]tgf k 'l:tsf kl/R5]b – Ps kf7\oj |mdsf p2 ]Zo / ;dfj ]zLs/0f k[i7e "ld k/Dk/fut ¿kdf kf7\oj

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