Lung Cancer

Lung Cancer

Lung CancerBy: Ashleen Atchue and Mario Tovar

Cancer BasicsCancer is the name given for diseases in which abnormal cells divide without control and are able to invade other tissues. Cancer cells can spread to other parts of the body through various forms such as the blood and lymph systems.

Cancer Basics Cont. Cancer is not just one disease but many diseases. There are more than 100 different types of cancer. Most cancers are named for the organ or type of cell in which they start - for example, cancer that begins in the colon is called colon cancer; cancer that begins in melanocytes of the skin is called melanoma.

Origins of CancerCancer begins from life's most basic unit of life the cell.Sometimes however the process goes wrong and the genetic material or DNA becomes changed producing mutations that can affect cell growth and division.Cells may suffer complications such as not dying when they should and producing surpluses of cells which ultimately develop into a mass of tissue or also known as a tumor.

A closer look at tumorsbenign tumors Are not cancerousCan often be removedAre not very likely to come backCells from benign tumors do not spread to other parts of the body

A closer look at tumors cont.malignant tumorsAre cancerousCan invade nearby tissuesRemoval varies on locationsThe spread of from one part of the body is called metastasis

Top types of cancer in the u.s.1. Skin cancer2. Lung cancer3. Breast cancer4. Prostate cancer5. Colorectal cancer6. Kidney (renal) cancer7. Bladder cancer8. Non-Hodgkins lymphoma9. Thyroid cancer10. Endometrial cancer

Lung cancerLung cancer as clearly stated begins in the lungsOnce it starts in the lungs it can spread to the nose, down your windpipe (trachea), as well as the bronchi.

There are two main types of cancerNon-small cell cancerSmall cell lung cancer

Causes and risk factorsLung cancer is the deadliest type of cancer for both men and women with more deaths then breast, colon, and prostate cancer combinedRare in people under 45Cigarette smoking is the leading cause of lung cancerSpecific risk factors includeRadiation therapy to the lungs Radon gasFamily historyAsbestosExposure to cancer causing chemicals (uranium, beryllium, vinyl chloride, and nickel chromates)High levels of air pollutionHigh levels of arsenic in drinking waterSymptoms Beginning stages of lung cancer have almost no symptomsChest painCough (that doesnt go away)Coughing up bloodFatigueWeight loss without tryingWheezingShortness of breathLoss of appetite

Symptoms Cont.Often occur in the later stages these includeBone pain or tendernessEyelid droopingFacial paralysisHoarseness or voice changeJoint painSwallowing difficultyShoulder painWeaknessShoulder pain

Signs and tests Lung cancer is often confirmed and diagnosed through either a x-ray or CTNon-small cell lung cancer is often confirmed throughBone sanChest x-rayCBCCT scanPET scanSputum testThoracentesis

Signs and tests Cont.Small cell lung cancerLiver function testsMRISputum test (cytology, looking for cancer cells)

Treatment non-small cell cancer Treatment for this form that has not spread to nearby lymph nodes includes LobectomyWedge or segment removalPneumonectomyChemotherapyIs used alone often when the cancer has spread outside the lung (stage IV)Also commonly given before surgery or radiation to make those treatments more effective also none as neoadjuvant therapyTreatment Cont.non-small cell cancer RadiationCan be used coupled with chemotherapy if surgery is not a optionAlleviation of symptoms caused by cancer, such as swelling and breathing problemsThe following treatments are used to relieve symptoms alone- Photodynamic therapy uses a light to activate a inserted drug in specific areas of the bodyLaser therapy which uses a small beam of light burns and kills cancer cells

Treatmentsmall cell cancerOptions for treatment are much more aggressiveChemotherapy (taken by mouth or injected)Combination of chemotherapy and radiation therapy is given to advanced stages of small cell lung cancer that has spread to other areas of the body

Top cancer killers1. Lung and bronchial cancer: 792,495 lives 2. Colon and rectal cancer: 268,783 lives 3. Breast cancer: 206,983 lives4. Pancreatic cancer: 162,878 lives 5. Prostate cancer: 144,926 lives6. Leukemia: 108,740 lives 7. Non-Hodgkin lymphoma: 104,407 lives 8. Liver and intrahepatic bile duct cancer: 79,773 lives 9. Ovarian cancer: 73,638 lives10. Esophageal cancer: 66,659 lives

Stages of non-small cell cancerNon-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC) are assigned a stage from I to IV in order of severity.In stage I, the cancer is confined to the lung.

Stages of non-small cell cancerIn stages II and III, the cancer is confined to the lung and, possibly, the lymph nodes.

Stages of non-small cell cancerStage IV cancer has spread outside of the lung to other parts of the body.

Stages of small cell cancerLimited stage (LS) SCLC refers to cancer that is confined to its area of origin in the lung and lymph nodes

Stages of non-small cell cancerIn extensive-stage (ES) SCLC, the cancer has spread beyond the lung to other parts of the body.

Top 5 ways of reducing a lung cancer incidence1. STOP smoking NOW2. Fruits and Vegetables3. Test your home for Radon4. Workplace exposure 5. Passive smoking AVOID IT

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