Lund Aerosol Group Div. of Nuclear Physics, Lund University, LTH Professors: Erik Swietlicki, Bengt Martinsson Senior Scientists: Göran Frank, Birgitta.

Lund Aerosol Group Div. of Nuclear Physics,

Lund University, LTH

Professors:Erik Swietlicki, Bengt Martinsson

Senior Scientists:Göran Frank, Birgitta Svenningsson, Staffan Sjögren, Adam Kristensson, Jakob Löndahl

PhD students:Erik Nilsson, Pontus Roldin, Maria Berghof, Moa Sporre, Cerina Wittbom, Johan Friberg

This presentation can be found at:http://www.cast.lu.seSee: Diploma Work (http://www.cast.lu.se/diploma-work.htm)

Aerosols Affect our Climate, Environment and Health

Deforestation in Amazonia AcidificationHealth Effects

in Industry

Health Effects of Traffic ExhaustEarth Radiation Balance

Climate Health Effects

Are there “good” aerosol particles that cool but do not kill?

Conflict between ”positive” climate cooling effects and

negative human health effects

Loss in statistical life expectancy that can be attributed to the identifiedanthropogenic contributions to PM2.5 (in months), for the emissions of the year 2000.

Meteorology 2000 Meteorology 2003

Baseline Scenarios for the CAFE ProgrammeFinal Report, February 2005

Soot particles (yellow) have penetrated through the upper airways and deposited in the air exchange region – the alveoli - (purple).

Photographer: Lennart Nilsson

A macrophage (blue) is attacking the soot particles, trying to engulf them.

Photographer: Lennart Nilsson

Particles Clouds

Level of

Sci

enti

fic

Unders

tandin

g

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change4th Assessment Report 2007Radiative Forcing (W/m2)Cooling Heating

Melting Sea Ice

ACIA, 2005

Arctic Sea Ice Extenthttp://nsidc.org

September 17, 2009Arctic sea ice reaches annual minimum extent

Arctic sea ice appears to have reached its minimum extent for the year, the third-lowest extent since the start of satellite measurements in 1979. While this year’s minimum extent is above the record and near-record minimums of the last two years, it further reinforces the strong negative trend in summertime ice extent

observed over the past thirty years.

Biota

Gases

CCN

Cloud droplets

Particles

Feedback on

Arctic climate

and biota

Mixing

Mixing

CCN

Icebreaker OdenExpeditions 1991, 1996, 2001, 2008

Biomass burning perturb regional and global climate

The Amazon, BrazilExtensive biomass burning during the dry period

(September-November)

Pyrocumulus cloud

Fires in South America during the dry period

2001

Rain forest recently burnt

(Rondonia, Brazil, Oct. 2002)

Amazonian Aerosol Studies

•New international field campaign planned for 2010-2011 north of Manaus, Brazil.

•Assist airborne aerosol measurements.

Amazonia SMPS system (Lund)

•Own design, manufacture and calibration

•Medium-long DMA (Vienna-type, own manufacture)

•Particle counter: TSI CPC 3760A

•10-551 nm

•Closed-loop (driers and filters in loop)

•Scanning mode (up and downscan, Labview software)

•CPC desmearing to improve time resolution

•Time resolution: 3-5 min

•RH and T sensors for data QA

•Measurements started Feb 2008

Dry particle

Humidified particleRH=90%

Cloud dropRH>100%

Indirect effect of aerosols on climateClouds formed in clean air

with few particles few but large cloud droplets reflect little solar radiation

Clouds formed in polluted air with many particles

many small cloud droplets reflect more solar radiation

a) b)

Satellite retrieval of cloud properties

•Assist in the development of satellite retrievals of cloud properties.

European Super-sites for Atmospheric Aerosol Research

An EU-Infrastructure Project21 European Partners

Objectives1: Ensure measurements and

QA/QC of aerosol chemical, optical and physical properties

2: Ensure dissemination of data and capacity building

3: Develop future tools for aerosol monitoring and dissemination of information

4: Ensure trans-national access of research infrastructures

The Vavihill siteRegional background – Southern Sweden

•Twin-DMPS (3-900 nm)

•Evaluate multi-year data set from the station.

•Operate the aerosol instruments at the station.

•Develop new aerosol instruments.

Particle Size Distributions- Vavihill

High Resolution Aerosol Mass Spectrometer

Mass Fraction Time SeriesVavihill Oct 2008

•Develop new aerosol instruments (PAM, VH-TDMA).

•Carry out AMS measurements in the laboratory and in the field.

Aerosol-Cloud Interaction StudiesOn-going measurements on Mount Brocken in Germany

• Detailled in-situ studies aerosol-cloud interactions• In-cloud measurements on mountain top• Unique instrument developed in Lund Droplet Aerosol Analyzer (DAA)

CARIBIC – EU ProjectTropopause atmospheric

researchPlatform: Boeing 767 civil aircraft, Frankfurt-Maldives

Measurements at High Altitude

• Intercontinental CARIBIC measuerements • Exemples of results: Sulfur in aerosol at 10 km altitude

•Assist in developing aerosol analytical techniques for the aircraft measurements.

Sustainable transport system?

Human Exposure to Diesel Exhaust

Road Wear Particle Emissions

and Health Effects

Particle Emissions from Railways

Particle Emissions from Traffic

Aerosol Laboratory, IKDC, LTHExposure chamber (20 m3)

Provocation study for human health effects (e.g. heart rhythm variability)

LTH (EAT, Kärnfysik)Yrkes- o miljömedicin, LundKarolinska Institutet

Lung Deposition MeasurementsRESPI instrument

•Assist in developing and performing the RESPI instrument within various projects.

•Wood smoke, Umeå, Dec 2010

Drier

Pneumotachograph

Inhale tank 10 L

Exhale tank 2 or 5 L

2-way valve

Particle size-distribution measurement (SMPS)

Aerosol inlet

Heated area

Outlet

Lung Deposition Measurements

RESPI instrument

Particles from biomass combustion and traffic

Deposited fraction ≈ 0.2

Deposited fraction> 0.5

0

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10 100 1000Dry mobility diameter (nm)

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HydrophobicTrafficEfficient combustionLow temp. combustion

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10 100 1000Dry mobility diameter (nm)

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HydrophobicTrafficEfficient combustionLow temp. combustion

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10 100 1000Dry mobility diameter (nm)

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HydrophobicTrafficEfficient combustionLow temp. combustion

0

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10 100 1000Dry mobility diameter (nm)

Dep

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HydrophobicTrafficEfficient combustionLow temp. combustion

Deposited particle fraction – Wood smoke (SNAP)

Thank you for your attention!

For more information, contact Erik Swietlicki, Bengt Martinsson,

Birgitta Svenningsson, Göran Frank