Are Those Who Bring Work Home Really Working Longer Hours? Implications for BLS Productivity Measures Lucy P. Eldridge Sabrina Wulff Pabilonia Dislaimer: The views expressed are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the policies of the US Bureau of Labor Statistics.
Are Those Who Bring Work Home Really Working Longer Hours? Implications for BLS Productivity Measures. Lucy P. Eldridge Sabrina Wulff Pabilonia. Dislaimer: The views expressed are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the policies of the US Bureau of Labor Statistics. Questions. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
This document is posted to help you gain knowledge. Please leave a comment to let me know what you think about it! Share it to your friends and learn new things together.
Transcript
Are Those Who Bring Work Home Really Working Longer Hours? Implications for BLS Productivity Measures
Lucy P. EldridgeSabrina Wulff Pabilonia
Dislaimer: The views expressed are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the policies of the US Bureau of Labor Statistics.
Questions Who is bringing work home from the workplace
and why?
Do workers who bring work home work longer hours than those who only work in the workplace?
Does BLS’ nonfarm business sector productivity measure capture unpaid work at home?
Literature on Time Use Michigan and Maryland time use
diaries• Hamermesh (1990)
• Robinson and Bostrom (1994)
ATUS • Frazis and Stewart (2004)
1999 New Zealand Time-Use Survey • Callister and Dixon (2001)
Literature on Work at Home
Home-based workers
• Census data - Oettinger (2004)
Occasional telecommuters
• Canadian WES - Pabilonia (2005)
• 1997 CPS Work at Home Supplement – Schroeder and Warren (2004)
Data Sources BLS Hours Worked for all Persons in the
Nonfarm Business Sector
American Time Use Survey
May CPS Supplement on Work Schedules and Work at Home
BLS Hours Worked for all Persons in Nonfarm Business Sector
Primary of source of hours data is the Current Employment Statistics (CES) survey
Supplement with other information where CES data are lacking, most importantly
» Estimate nonproduction/supervisory worker hours using a ratio from the Current Population Survey (CPS)
» Convert CES hours-paid to an hours-at-work basis using National Compensation Survey (NCS)
» Add hours for self-employed, government enterprise, and unpaid family workers from CPS
Share of Nonfarm Business Sector Hours and Employment, by Type of Worker: 2004
Who is bringing work home?More likely to be: Married Have a spouse that works At least a bachelor’s degree Management or professional occupations CPS Supplement only– a parent and older
Less likely to be: Black Hispanic ATUS only - paid hourly CPS Supplement only – female and work part-time
Probability of Bringing Home Unpaid Work, by Education
2004 CPS Supplement
ATUS Pooled Data
Advanced degree 0.182*** 0.219***Bachelor’s degree 0.099*** 0.180*** Some college 0.040*** 0.111** High school degree 0.014 0.072* Significance levels: * =p<.10;**=p<.05;***=p<.01
2004 CPS Supplement
ATUS Pooled Data
Female -0.015*** -0.017
Any child 0.024*** 0.015
Any child * female -0.024*** -0.026
Youngest child aged 3-5 -0.005 0.005
Youngest child age 3-5 * female 0.024 -0.009
Youngest child aged 6-10 -0.014** -0.014
Youngest child aged 6-10* female 0.018 0.113
Youngest child aged 11-18 -0.016*** -0.027
Youngest child aged 11-18 * female 0.031* 0.029
Significance levels: * =p<.10;**=p<.05;***=p<.01
Probability of Bringing Home Unpaid Work, by Gender and Children
Percent Who Bring Unpaid Work Home, by Reason for Work at Home
2001 2004Finish or catch up on work 59.5 56.0Business is conducted from home 4.0 3.5
Nature of the job 24.0 28.8Coordinate work schedule w/ personal or family needs
4.8 4.7
Reduce commuting time or expense 1.3 1.2Local transportation or pollution control program
0.0 0.0
Some other reason 6.4 5.8
Do those who bring work home work longer hours?ATUS: Production and nonsupervisory employees
AllWorkplace
Only
Bring Unpaid Work
Home
2003
Share of prod/nonsup 100.0% 87.3% 3.0%
Average weekly hours 37.13 37.15 38.05
Daily hours 8.04 8.15 8.85
office hours 7.65 8.15 7.02
2004
Share of prod/nonsup 100.0% 86.4% 3.1%
Average weekly hours 36.75 36.74 42.85
Daily hours 8.00 8.14 8.69
office hours 7.53 8.14 7.20
2005
Share of prod/nonsup 100.0% 86.4% 3.5%
Average weekly hours 37.47 37.20 42.28
Daily hours 7.98 8.12 8.97
office hours 7.59 8.12 7.33
Do those who bring work home work longer hours?ATUS: Nonproduction and supervisory employees
AllWorkplace
Only
Bring Unpaid Work
Home
2003
Share of nonprod/sup 100.0% 76.9% 10.4%
Average weekly hours 42.48 41.85 48.25
Daily hours 8.60 8.77 9.95
office hours 7.95 8.77 8.37
2004
Share of nonprod/sup 100.0% 80.5% 6.6%
Average weekly hours 42.55 42.03 47.08
Daily hours 8.49 8.58 9.42
office hours 7.71 8.58 7.89
2005
Share of nonprod/sup 100.0% 75.1% 7.9%
Average weekly hours 42.53 41.75 45.76
Daily hours 8.18 8.60 9.39
office hours 7.61 8.60 7.68
Do those who bring work home work longer hours?CPS Supplement
Production/Supervisory Employees AllNo work at
home
Bring Unpaid Work
Home
2001Share of prod/nonsup 100.0% 91.3% 5.8%
Average weekly hours 36.43 36.00 42.54
2004Share of prod/nonsup 100.0% 91.7% 5.4%
Average weekly hours 36.14 35.78 41.85
Nonproduction/Supervisory Employees
2001 Share of nonprod/sup 100.0% 72.8% 20.0%
Average weekly hours 41.71 40.61 46.60
2004 Share of nonprod/sup 100.0% 72.9% 19.8%
Average weekly hours 41.75 40.76 46.12
Does BLS’ nonfarm business sector productivity measure capture
unpaid work at home?
Estimate percent of unmeasured hours for production/nonsupervisory employees and nonproduction/supervisory employees
Production/Nonsupervisory Employee Hours
Nonproduction/Supervisory Employee
Hours Unmeasured Total HoursShare
of hours
worked
Unmeasured hours
Share of
hours worked
Unmeasured hours
ATUS
2003 68.3% 0.59% 19.7% 0.64% 0.53%
2004 68.6% 0.61% 19.5% 0.70% 0.56%
2005 69.2% 0.68% 18.9% 0.78% 0.62%
CPSSUPPLEMENT
2001 69.1% 0.84% 19.4% 0.81% 0.74%
2004 68.6% 0.83% 19.5% 0.82% 0.73%
Table 15: Percent of Unmeasured Hours in Nonfarm Business Sector
Share of Nonfarm Business Sector Hours and Employment, by Type of Worker: 2004