BACK
Universitatea de tiine Agricole i Medicin Veterinar Iai
CUPRINS
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Z001 1. Y. NYS, F. GUILLOU, J.B. COULON AND P. CHEMINEAU -
Research Activities in Animal Physiology and Livestock Systems at
INRA (French National Institute for Agronomic Research) Activitile
de cercetare ale INRA (Institutul Naional Francez de Cercetri
Agronomice) n domeniul fiziologiei i sistemelor de cretere a
animalelor .....................................................5
Z002 2. J. AUMANN - Breeding programs and progeny testing in the
times of genomic selection Programe de ameliorare i testarea dup
descenden n epoca seleciei
genomice...................................................................................................10
Z003 3. B. GEORGESCU, CARMEN GEORGESCU, S. DRBAN - Pesticides with
endocrine disrupting function Biomarkers of exposure Biomarkeri de
evaluare a expunerii cu pesticide cu funcie de disruptori endocrini
................13 Z004 4. Roxana LAZR, P.C. BOITEANU, Ancua ELENA
COULEANU, Alina Narcisa POSTOLACHE - Determination of the main
haematological indicators in the hare compared to the rabbit
Determinri ale principalilor indicatori hematologici la iepurele de
cmp comparativ cu iepurele de
cas......................................................................................................19
Z005 5. Alexandra MATEI, G. CHIOVEANU, M. ANDRONE, D. DEZMIREAN, M.
DOLIS, I. PASCA, M. BENTEA - The presentation of silkmoth Bombyx
mori L. sp. genetic resources in Romania as source of initial
material in amelioration works Prezentarea resurselor genetice ale
fluturelui de mtase sp. Bombyx mori L. n Romania ca surs de
material iniial n lucrrile de ameliorare
............................................................................23
Z006 6. V. TODERICI, Valentina CEBOTARI - Study on the behavior of
artificially inseminated queens of Apis m. Carpatica race during
passive period Studiu asupra comportamentului reginelor nsmnate
artificial de rasa Apis m. Carpatica n perioada pasiv
....................................................................28
Z0077. V. MICLEA, M. ZHAN, Ileana MICLEA - Characterization of the
reproductive activity of sows belonging to a Mangalita swine
population Caracterizarea activitii de reproducie a scroafelor
aparinnd unei populaii de suine din rasa
Mangalia....................................................................31
Z008 8. Ileana MICLEA, M. ZHAN, A. RUSU, F. GHIURU, V. MICLEA - The
effect of several ascorbic acid concentrations on swine oocyte
maturation and embryo culture Efectul unor concentraii de acid
ascorbic asupra maturrii ovocitare i culturii embrionilor
suini....................................................35- 684
-
Lucrri tiinifice - vol. 52 seria Zootehnie
Z0099. GH. NACU, C. PASCAL, Cecilia POP - Hormone-therapy
management solution for the reproduction enhancement at sow
Hormonoterapia soluie de management pentru intensivizarea
reproduciei la scroaf ...................41
Z010 10. B. PSRIN, G. HOHA, Elena COSTCHESCU, I. BNEAN DUNEA -
Researches concerning breeding perfomances recorded to PIC 1050 and
Camborough sows exploited in SC SUINPROD SA ROMAN Cercetri privind
performanele reproductive nregistrate la scroafele PIC 1050 i
Camborough exploatate n cadrul S.C. SUINPROD S.A. ROMAN
...........44 Z011 I. BUZU, Silvia EVTODIENCO, O. MANER, P.
LIUKANOV 11. Intrarasial type of big Moldavian Karakul Sheep Tip
Intrarasial de ovine Karakul Moldovenesc
corpolent.............................................................................49
12. Z012 I. BUZU, O. MANER, P. LIUKANOV - Elite type of Sheep
Moldavian Tsigaie of Alexanderfeld Tip de elit de ovine igaie
Moldoveneasc de Alexanderfeld
.........................................................................................................57Z013
Tatiana LUPOLOV, Valentina PETCU - Study of the genetic structure
of 13. the populations of sheep and poultry on the basis of
immunogenetic markers Studiu privind structura genetic ale unor
populaii de ovine i psri pe baza markerilor
imunogenetici...............................................................................62
Z014 Gh. HRINC - Description of the haemolytic system for testing
the blood 14. groups in small ruminants Descrierea sistemului
hemolitic n testul de grup sanguin la rumegtoarele mici
..................................................................66
Z015 S. CHILIMAR, V. FOCA - New type bovine of Black and White
breed 15. Tipul nou de bovine al rasei Blat cu
Negru.......................................................74
16. Z016 V. UJIC, V. MACIUC, Rodica DNIL, T. CREANG, I. NISTOR
Quantitative genetics researches on the B.N.R. population reared in
the private farms from the North-Eastern area of Romania Cercetri
de genetic cantitativ la populaia de ras B.N.R. exploatat n fermele
private din zona de N-E a
Romniei.......................................................................77Z017
Elena MARANDICI, G. DARIE, P. CHINTEA - Researches concerning the
17. influence of the bioactive substances on the boar sperm
preservation Cercetri privind influena substanelor bioactive asupra
conservrii materialului seminal de
vier...................................................................................82
Z018 18. Stela ZAMFIRESCU, Irina TOPOLEANU, Dorina NADOLU
Observations concerning haematological profile in goat Unele
observaii privind profilul hematologic la
caprine..................................................................86
Z019 Stela ZAMFIRESCU, Dorina NADOLU - Results concerning the
freezing 19. pretability of buck semen and fecundity after
artificial insemination of goat Rezultate privind pretabilitatea la
congelare a spermei de ap si rata conceptiei dupa inseminarea
artificiala a caprelor
locale.....................................92- 685 -
Universitatea de tiine Agricole i Medicin Veterinar Iai
20. Z020 Roxana PARASCHIV, G. MURSA - The competitiveness of the
Romanian economy in the context of European Union Accession.
Special considerations regarding agriculture and rural development
Competitivitatea economiei romneti n contextul aderrii la Uniunea
European. Consideraii privind agricultura i dezvoltarea
rural.......................97Z021 Roxana PARASCHIV, G. MURSA -
Challenges of the common agricultural 21. policy in the enlarged
Europe Probleme ale politicii agricole comune n Europa
extins.....................................................................................................
103
22. Este Z022 V.-L. ICHIM - Is the European Union an optimum
currency area? Uniunea European o zon monetar
optim?................................................... 108Z023
Cecilia POP, Roxana CALISTRU - Choices in interest rate risk
management 23. process Opiuni n procesul de management al riscului
de rat a dobnzii.... 113
24. Z024 Roxana CALISTRU, Cecilia POP - Estimation of interest
rate risk attending the bonds loan Estimarea riscului de rat a
dobnzii care nsoete mprumutul obligator
..........................................................................................
120Z025 C. BULGARIU - Reflections about the role of civil society
in the rural 25. development Reflecii asupra rolului societii
civile n dezvoltarea durabil
...............................................................................................................
127
26. Z026 C. BULGARIU - The procedures to balance a local budget
in Romania Proceduri de echilibrare a bugetelor locale n Romnia
.................................... 130 27. G. MURSA, Roxana
PARASCHIV - State and agriculture. Some Z027 recommendations on
agricultural policy Statul i agricultura. Cteva recomandri privind
politica agricol
................................................................
135 28. Z028 G. MURSA, Roxana PARASCHIV - Rural development in
Romania. Opportunities and difficulties Dezvoltarea rural n Romnia.
Oportuniti i
dificulti.....................................................................................
141 29. Z029 Benedicta DROBOT, Elena GNDU, A. CHIRAN, A.-F.
JITREANU Informatics model regarding the analysis of some technical
and economic indicators in animal husbandry Model informatic
privind analiza unor indicatori tehnico-economici n creterea
animalelor......................................... 146Z030 Anca
DUDA, Alina MOOIU - Some aspects regarding the development of 30.
touristic and agrotouristic services in Arieeni Area from Apuseni
mountains Unele aspecte privind evoluia serviciilor turistice i
agroturistice n zona Arieeni din munii Apuseni
.............................................. 153 Z031 Liliana
BIIC, A. CHIRAN, Elena GNDU - Study of natural conditions and 31.
social resources from ibneti Microzone, Iai County Studiul
condiiilor naturale i a resurselor sociale din microzona ibneti,
judeul
Iai.......................................................................................................................
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32. Marcela TEFAN, Mariana BRAN - The analysis of crop structure
Z032 according to social-economical requirements in Vrancea
District Analiza structurii culturilor n concordan cu cerinele
economico-sociale din judeul Vrancea
...................................................................................................
164Z033 D. M. ANDREI, Laurenia DIACONU - Mathematics, the
instrument we use 33. in teaching ecology Matematica, instrument de
lucru n predarea disciplinei
ecologie..............................................................................................
169 Z034 Lenua FOTEA, Elena COSTCHESCU, G. HOHA - The effect of 34.
essential oil of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) on to the
broilers growing performance Efectul utilizrii uleiului esenial de
rozmarin (Rosmarinus officinalis) asupra performanelor de cretere a
puilor de carne ....................... 172 Z035 Daniela
ALEXANDRESCU, Monica MARIN, D. DRGOTOIU, Elena 35. POGURSCHI - The
effect of energo proteic level and energy aminoacids relations
about evolution of body weight at Arbor Acres hybrid Influena
nivelului energo-proteic i a rapoartelor energie aminoacizi asupra
evoluiei greutii corporale la hibridul Arbor Acres
............................. 175 Z036 Nicoleta BORT, Aida ALBU,
Cecilia POP, I. M. POP - Researches 36. regarding highlight of some
pollutants in feeds Cercetri cu privire la evidenierea unor poluani
n nutreuri
............................................................... 180
Z037 Al. USTUROI, I.M. POP - Researches concerning the usage of a
feed additive 37. in chicken broilers feeding Cercetri privind
utilizarea unui aditiv furajer n alimentaia puilor broiler de gin
..................................................... 186 Z038 B.A.
VLAIC, L.AL. MRGHITA, A. VLAIC, Alexandra MATEI 38. Research
concerning the influence of treatment, harvesting moment and
mulberry level from where the leaves were harvested in the IIIrd
age silkworm performances Cercetri privind influena tratamentului,
momentului recoltrii i etajului din care provine frunza de dud
asupra greutii larvelor viermelui de mtase la vrsta a III-a
...................................... 191
39. Z039 B.V. AVARVAREI, Elena-Liliana CHELARIU, R. ROCA -
Fertilization influence on nutritive and energetic value of the
fodder obtained on an Agrostis capillaris L. Festuca rubra L.
meadow Influena fertlizrii asupra valorii nutritive i energetice a
furajului obinut pe o pajite de Agrostis capillaris L. Festuca
rubra L.
............................................................ 196
40. Z040 Roxana MIRON (ZAHARIA), I.M. POP, N. ZAHARIA, A.C. SAVA
Researches regarding the action of some influential factors on the
nutritive composition of the corn silage Cercetri privind aciunea
unor factori de influen asupra coninutului nutritiv al silozului de
porumb ............................. 200Z041 41. Carmen Ana PIVODA,
I. PDEANU, H.F.G. SARANDAN, Dana JITARIU, Camelia ZOIA ZAMFIR, ANA
ENCIU - The nutritional effects of vegetal lecithin over the milk
production, apparent digestibility and sheep ruminant parameters
Efectele nutriionale ale lecitinei vegetale asupra produciei de
lapte, digestibilitii aparente i a parametrilor ruminali la oaie
...................................................................................................
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Universitatea de tiine Agricole i Medicin Veterinar Iai
42. Z042 M. ALDA, D. DRINCEANU, C. JULEAN - The influence of
prestarter forage quality on performances and economical eficiency
of growing piglets Influena calitii furajului prestarter asupra
performanelor i eficienei economice n creterea purceilor
........................................................................
210Z043 Cristina Gabriela RADU-RUSU, I.M. POP - Improvement of
laying hen 43. performances by dietary mannanoligosaccharides
supplementation mbuntirea performanei ginilor outoare prin
suplimentarea alimentaiei cu mananoligozaharide
...................................................................
215 Z044 Aida ALBU, Cecilia POP, Felicia RC, I.M. POP - Evaluation
of copper 44. concentration in some dairy cow feeding raw materials
Evaluarea concentraiei de cupru din unele materii prime folosite n
alimentaia vacilor de
lapte....................................................................................................
220Z045 Constana NICODIM, C. MILIC - Studies on the influence of
some 45. regulating growing substances upon the quantity and
quality of Mentha Piperita production Studii privind influena unor
substane regulatoare de cretere asupra cantitii i calitii produciei
de Mentha Piperita.............. 224
46. Z046 Constana NICODIM - Researches on the influence of
pedoclimatic conditions from Tecuci area on the biometric and
phenological parameters of Cynara scolymus Cercetri privind
influena condiiilor pedoclimatice din zona Tecuci, asupra
parametrilor biometrici i fenologici la Cynara
Scolymus..............................................................................................................
230 47. Z047 C-tin. ARUTEI - Research on the world state of
technique through patents which refers to mouldboard that equip the
ploughs with corps and my contribution to the modernization of the
mouldboards Studii referitoare la particularitile cormanelor care
echipeaz plugurile cu trupie i contribuii proprii la imbuntirea
acestora...................................................... 236
48. Z048 C-tin. ARUTEI - Research on improving the plowing quality
and reducing the fuel consumption in the work of plowing and
subsequent agricultural work by editing the shape by moldboard
Cercetri privind creterea calitii arturii i reducerea consumului de
combustibil la lucrrile de arat i cele ulterioare prin modificarea
formei cormanei........................................... 243 49.
Z049 Y. NYS - Factors contributing to improvement in egg quality
Factori care contribuie la mbuntirea calitii oului
.......................................................... 247 50.
Z050 Elena POPESCU-MICLOANU, L. IONI - Study of the productive
characteristics of youth and laying quails in the Baloteti
eggs-meat population Studiu privind caracteristicile productive ale
tineretului i prepelielor outoare din populaia mixt de ou-carne De
Baloteti ........... 254
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Z051 M.G. USTUROI, I. VACARU-OPRI, I. CIOCAN, R.M. RADU-RUSU,
51. A. USTUROI - Improvement of the morpho-productive indexes at
the Ross-308 broiler breeders, through increased photostimulation
mbuntirea indicilor morfo-productivi la prinii hibridului de gin
Ross-308 prin fotostimulare
alert......................................................................
260 Z052 R.M. RADU-RUSU, V. TEUAN, I. VACARU-OPRI - Aspects
concerning 52. the histological structure of the Biceps brachialis
muscles in chicken broilers Aspecte privind structura histologic a
muchilor Biceps brachialis la puii broiler de
gin.......................................................................
266 Z053 C. LEONTE, Doina LEONTE - Influence of elements for
closing of the halls 53. poultry performance productive Influena
elementelor de nchidere ale unor hale avicole asupra performanelor
productive.......................................... 271 Z054 54.
D. SIMEANU, M.G. USTUROI, Angela GAVRILA, M. DOLI Researches
regarding the breeding of broiler poultry in different
technological conditions Cercetri privind creterea puilor broiler
de gin n diferite condiii
tehnologice...................................................................
278
55. Valentina CEBOTARI - Active behavior assessment at Apis
mellifera Z055 Carpatica bee Aprecierea comportamentului activ la
albina Apis mellifera Carpatica
.............................................................................................
285 56. Z056 Tatiana DABIJA, Angela MACARI - The study reflecting
the body weight of different breeds of rabbits Studiul privind
dinamica masei corporale la iepuri de diferite rase
..........................................................................................
290Z057 Camelia ZOIA ZAMFIR, Daniela JITARIU, Ana ENCIU, N. CUTOVA,
57. Carmen Ana PIVODA - Optimizing the technology of reconditioning
the reformed sheep Optimizarea tehnologiei de recondiionare a
ovinelor reformate
.............................................................................................................
294 Z058 C. PASCAL, N. ZAHARIA, Mihaela IVANCIA, I. PDEANU -
Research 58. regarding productive potential specific to goats bred
in N-E part of Romania Cercetri privind potenialul productiv
specific caprinelor crescute n NE Romniei
..........................................................................................................
299 Z059 V. CIGHI, T. OROIAN, S. DRBAN, D. DRONCA, V.A. BLTEANU,
59. Teodora Crina CARAI - Conformation phenotypic values in Tzigaie
breed from S.C.D.P. Jucu Valori fenotipice de conformaie la rasa
igaie de la S.C.D.P.
Jucu..............................................................................................
308
60. Z060 Cristina LAZR, Rodica PELMU, Elena GHI - Research on
body development dynamic of Carabash lambs in suckling period
Cercetri privind dinamica dezvoltrii corporale la mieii Caraba n
perioada de alptare
...............................................................................................................
311
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Universitatea de tiine Agricole i Medicin Veterinar Iai
Z061 61. I. LADOI, M.G. BERE, Ileana BERE, Daniela LADOI, Paula
MUNTEAN, C. LPUTE, M. BOC - Comparative production performances of
certain PIC genotypes in swine commercial farming Performane de
producie comparative ale unor genotipuri PIC n condiii de
exploatare intensiv industrial a suinelor
...................................................... 317 Z062
Marcela SRBU, Ioana TNSESCU, R. OLAR - The reduction of the 62.
thermical energy in the swines shelters Reducerea consumului de
energie n adposturile pentru
suine................................................................................
322
63. Z063 t. CREANG, E.C. POPESCU, V. MACIUC - The studys of Grey
Steppe breed until now Contribuii privind studiul rasei Sur de Step
pn n prezent
.................................................................................................................
326Z064 V. UJIC, Rodica DNIL, V. MACIUC, I. NISTOR, t. CREANG 64.
Intrapopulational structure of the B.N.R. cattle reared in the
private farms from the North-Eastern area of Romania Structura
intrapopulaional la taurinele de ras B.N.R. exploatate n fermele
private din zona de N-E a
Romniei..............................................................................................................
332
Z065 I. GLC, Valerica MACOVEI, M. DOLI, Luminia DOLI, D. ROBU
65. Researches concerning the comparison of milk yield between
cattle of Schwyz breed imported from Switzerland and Bruna of
Maramures breed Cercetri comparative privitoare la producia de
lapte realizat de vacile din rasa Schwyz importate din Elveia i
vacile din rasa Brun de Maramure
..........................................................................................................
337
66. Z066 V. MACIUC - Influence of the calving season on the milk
yield given by a Friesian population, imported from the Netherlands
Influena sezonului de ftare asupra produciei de lapte la o populaie
de tip Friz importat din
Olanda...........................................................................................................
340Z067 V. MACIUC, t. CREANG, V. UJIC - Contributions on the study
of the 67. cattle husbandry within the conditions provided by the
mountainous area in Northern Romania Contribuii la studiul creterii
taurinelor n condiiile zonei montane din nordul
Romniei....................................................................
345
68. Ioana TNSESCU, Marcela SRBU - Researches regarding the Z068
thermographic evaluation in cattle breeding farms by integration of
environment factors Cercetri de evaluare termografic n ferme de
cretere a taurinelor prin integrarea factorilor de
mediu................................... 351 69. Z069 G. HOHA, B.
PSRIN, Lenua FOTEA, Elena COSTCHESCU Researches concerning the
growing and feed conversion parameters at those PIC hybrids
exclusively designed for slaughtering Cercetri privind parametrii
de cretere i de valorificare a hranei la hibrizii PIC destinai
exclusiv abatorizrii
............................................................................................
355
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Z070 E. POPESCU, Mariana SOFRONIE, L. DASCLU, Elena RUGINOSU,
70. Anca PLVNESCU, t. CREANG, M. PNTEA - Study regarding
morphological and productive features in high milk production Black
and White Romanian cows from S.C.D.C.B. Dancu, Iasi Studiu privind
caracterele morfoproductive la vacile cu producii ridicate, de ras
Blat cu Negru Romneasc din S.C.D.C.B. Dancu,
Iai............................................. 359
71. Z071 E.C. JURCO, G. ONACIU - Comparative researches
concerning the milk production traits on Black and White cattle
herd of first calving, breeded in private farms from Transylvania
Cercetri comparative privind indicii produciei de lapte la
taurinele de ras Blat cu Negru aflate la prima ftare crescute n
cteva ferme private din Transilvania
.................................... 365 72. Z072 G. ONACIU, E.C.
JURCO - Contributions to the knowledge of the main productive
indices in primiparous Roumanian Spotted breed Contribuii la
cunoaterea unor indici productivi la vacile primipare din rasa Blat
Romneasc
........................................................................................................
369 73. Z073 Augusta LUJERDEAN, Andrea BUNEA, Vioara MIREAN -
Seasonal related changes in the major nutrients of bovine milk
(total protein, lactose, casein, total fat and dry matter)
Modificrile sezoniere ale nutrienilor majori din laptele de vac
(proteina total, lactoza, cazeina, grsimea i substana
uscat).................................................................................................
372 74. Z074 M. DOLI - Contributions to the study of growth and
development of youth equine breed male Shagya in the conditions
offered by Rdui troop Contribuii la studiul creterii i dezvoltrii
tineretului cabalin mascul din rasa Shagya n condiiile hergheliei
Rdui ...................................................... 375Z075
M. DOLI, Luminia DOLI, D. SIMEANU, M. BURLIC - Contributions 75. to
the study of growth and development of youth equine breed female
Shagya in the conditions offered by Rdui troop Contribuii la
studiul creterii i dezvoltrii tineretului cabalin femel din rasa
Shagya n condiiile hergheliei Rdui
...............................................................................
380 Z076 M. ROMAN - The production of calves for fattening an
alternative for milk 76. quota! Producerea de viei destinai ngrrii
o alternativ la cota de lapte!
...................................................................................................................
385
Z077 77. P.C. BOITEANU, Roxana LAZR, Ancua Elena COULEANU, ALINA
Narcisa POSTOLACHE Research on the chemical composition of the deer
meat preserved by freezing Cercetri privind determinarea compoziiei
chimice a crnii de cervide conservate prin
congelare.................... 389
78. Z078 G. MOVILEANU Procedure for assessment of the lean meat
percentage as a consequence of the new EU reference dissection
method in pig carcass classification Metode i aparate moderne de
evaluare a procentului de esut muscular la carcasele de porcine
conform normelor U.E. ......................... 394- 691 -
Universitatea de tiine Agricole i Medicin Veterinar Iai
79. Z079 Aurelia PECE, Vioara MIREAN, Camelia RDUCU, C. COROIAN,
D. COCAN, R. CONSTANTINESCU - Highlight of buffalo milk cholesterol
through thin-layer chromatography Evidenierea colesterolului din
laptele de bivoli prin cromatografie n strat subire
........................................ 400Z080 S. DRBAN, C.
COROIAN, A. POP, Vioara MIREAN, V. MICLEA, 80. V. CIGHI, S. VOIA,
I. PDEANU - Study concerning the chemical composition of meat in
young Tsigai sheep, rusty variety Studiu privind compoziia chimic a
crnii la tineretul ovin de ras igaie, varietatea ruginie
.................................................................................................................
404
81. Z081 Lenua FOTEA, Doina LEONTE, Iuliana UGUI - The effect of
essential oil of thyme (Thimus vulgaris) on to the quality of meat
and carcases of meat chicken broilers Efectul utilizrii uleiului
esenial de cimbru (Thimus vulgaris) asupra calitii crnii i
carcaselor puilor broiler ................ 408Z082 R.M. RADU-RUSU,
I. VACARU-OPRI, M.G. USTUROI - Researches 82. concerning the
slaughtering efficiency and the cut parts proportion in the
carcasses of the chicken broilers reared within intensive system
Cercetri privind randamentul la sacrificare i proporia poriunilor
tranate n carcasele puilor broiler de gin crescui n sistem intensiv
.............................. 411
Z083 A.A. PRELIPCEAN, Anca TEUAN - Melisopalinological aspects
regarding 83. the commercial Robinia pseudoacacia natural honey
Aspecte melisopalinologice asupra mierii de salcm
comercializate............................... 416
Z084 84. Micsuna RUSU - Global food trends functional foods
Tendine n alimentaia global alimente funcionale
......................................................... 421
85. Z085 LALA I.P. RAY, P.K. PANIGRAHI, B. C. MAL - Temporal
variation of water quality parameters in intensively IMC cultured
lined pond Variaia temporal a calitii apei la crapul indian crescut
n cultura intensiv, n bazine
artificiale..................................................................................................
429Z086 Valerica MACOVEI, I. GLC, D. ROBU - Estimation of the
quality of the 86. waste water evacuated from Iasi at the level of
Dancu purifying station Aprecierea calitii apelor uzate evacuate la
nivelul municipiului Iai de la staia de epurare
Dancu-Iai...............................................................................
438Z087 Doina LEONTE, C. LEONTE - Study about suppementary feeding
of carp 87. with granulated mixed feeds Studiu cu privire la
hrnirea suplimentar a crapului cu nutreuri combinate
..........................................................................
442
88. R.G. OROIAN, T.E. OROIAN, Crina Teodora CARSAI, Viorica Z088
COSIER, L. SASCA - RAPD technique used in analyzing the genetic
structure of Cyprinus carpio species Galitian and Lausitz varieties
Tehnica RAPD utilizat n evidenierea structurii genetice la specia
Cyprinus carpio -varietile Galiian i Lausitz
................................................ 444- 692 -
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89. Z089 Anca TEUAN, V. TEUAN, A.A. PRELIPCEAN - Research on the
fluctuating asymmetry of some morphological characters of the fins
of Perca fluviatilis sp. Cercetri privind asimetria fluctuant a
unor caractere morfologice, la nivelul nottoarelor, la specia Perca
fluviatilis........ 450Z090 90. T.E. OROIAN, R.G. OROIAN, Cristina
HEGEDUS, V. CIGHI, D. DRONCA - The monitoring of phytoplankton
evolution by biological year within Arinis-Maramures fishery
complex Monitorizarea evoluiei fitoplanctonului pe an biologic n
complexul piscicol Arini- Maramure.......... 456
Z091 D. COCAN, Vioara MIREAN, R. CONSTANTINESCU, I. BUD, Viorica
91. COIER, Camelia RDUCU, Aurelia PECE - Research concerning some
factors influencing the growth physiology in a rainbow trout
population (Oncorhynchus mykiss), reared within controlled
environment Cercetri asupra unor factori care influeneaz fiziologia
creterii la o populaie de pstrv curcubeu (Oncorhynchus mykiss),
exploatat n condiii de mediu
controlate................................................................................
462
92. Z092 C. PASCAL, Mihaela IVANCIA, I. GLC, G. NACU, L.
STANCESCU, Gh. HRINC, N. IFTIMIE Study about some factors which
have influence about reproduction function in sheep Studiul unor
factori care pot influena funcia de reproducie la ovine
...................................................... 467 93. V.
UJIC, I. DULUGEAC, Mita ENACHE, M. DOLI, Rodica Z093 DNIL, M.
BURLIC - Studies of quantitative genetics at the populations of
horses used in the equestrian sports from Romania Studii de genetic
cantitativ la populaiile de cabaline folosite n sporturile hipice
din
Romnia..............................................................................................
475 94. Z094 N. PCAL, I. BENCSIK, D. DRONCA, Ada CEAN, V. CARAB,
Alexandra BOLEMAN - Possibilities to induce twin calving in cows by
embryo-transfer Posibiliti de inducere a gemelaritii la vaci prin
embriotransfer
.....................................................................................................
479 95. Z095 I. BENCSIK, N. PACAL, D. DRONCA, Rodica CAPRITA,
Lavinia STEF - Establishing the embryo viability from fertilized
eggs and determination of genetic sex to Danio Rerio juvenile
Aprecierea viabilitii embrionilor din icre fecundate i determinarea
sexului genetic la pui de Danio Rerio
..............................................................................................
482Z096 96. D. DRONCA, N. PCAL, I. BENCSIK, T. OROIAN, Mihaela
IVANCIA, Gabi DUMITRESCU, S. VOIA, Liliana BOCA Researches on early
embryogenesis from Transylvanian naked neck and Plymouth Rock hen
breeds Cercetri privind embriogeneza timpurie la rasele de gini Gt
Gola de Transilvania i Plymouth Rock
............................................ 486
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Universitatea de tiine Agricole i Medicin Veterinar Iai
Z097 D. DRONCA, N. PCAL, I. BENCSIK, T. OROIAN, V. CIGHI,
Mihaela 97. IVANCIA, Gabi DUMITRESCU, Liliana BOCA Study on the
heterozis effect in early embryogenesis of the commercial chicken
broiler hybrids Studiul efectului heterozis n embriogeneza timpurie
a hibrizilor comerciali de gin pentru producia de carne
....................................................................
489
98. Gabi DUMITRESCU, Lavinia STEF, D. DRINCEANU, Liliana Z098
PETCULESCU CIOCHINA, D. STEF, D. DRONCA, Rodica CRISTE, Liliana
BOCA, C. JULEAN Changes induced by some nutritional factors on
femur histological structure in pig Modificri induse de unii
factori nutriionali asupra structurii histologice a femurului la
porc ................. 492 99. Z099 Doina LEONTE, C. LEONTE - The
appreciation of water hygienic qualities in a farm of chiken
broilers growing Aprecierea nsuirilor igienice ale apei ntr-o
unitate de cretere a broilerilor de
gin.......................................... 498 100. Z100
Alexandra MATEI, M. ANDRONE, A. POPESCU, D. DEZMIREAN, B. VLAIC
Research concerning the establishment of the best size of races
populations from the gene stock sp. Bombyx mori L. Cercetri privind
stabilirea mrimii optime a populaiilor la rasele din rezerva de
gene sp. Bombyx mori L.
..................................................................................................
500 101. Z101 M. CONDREA Observations regarding some environment
factors on hemoleucograma in lactation ovines Observaii privind
influena unor factori de mediu asupra hemoleucogramei la ovine n
lactaie........................... 503 102. Z102 R. BLAJ, Mirela
STANCIU The management of the hunting ground nr. 40 Agnita, Sibiu
county Managementul fondului de vntoare nr. 40 Agnita, judeul
Sibiu.........................................................................................................
506 103. R. BLAJ, Mirela STANCIU Concerns on the contribution of
the Z103 ecotourism to a sustainable rural development Consideraii
privind contribuia ecoturismului la dezvoltarea rural
durabil................................... 511 104. Ramona-Vasilica
BACTER, D. COITA, Alina MOOIU Laws Z104 concerning food industry
Legislaia n domeniul alimentelor......................... 516Z105
105. Agatha POPESCU Analysis of the economic efficiency in fodder
producing Analiza eficienei economice n producerea furajelor
.................. 520
106. Z106 Agatha POPESCU A comparative study concerning economic
efficiency for various levels of milk yield Studiu comparativ
privind eficiena economic pentru diferite niveluri ale produciei
medii de lapte...................... 525Z107 E. VAMANU, A. VAMANU,
Diana PELINESCU, O. POPA, Sultana 107. NI, Despina A. IONESCU,
Narcisa BBEANU Studies concerning the obtaining of biomass from
Lactobacillus paracasei ssp. paracasei using corn extract as
nitrogen source Studii privind obinerea biomasei din Lactobacillus
paracasei ssp. paracasei utiliznd extractul de porumb ca surs de
azot........................................................................................................
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Lucrri tiinifice - vol. 52 seria Zootehnie
108. Z108 Corina Elena GHEORGHE, Daniela RADU, Mioara COSTACHE,
Cecilia BUCUR Testing some protein fodder used for the intensive
carp raising (Cyprinus carpio, L.1758), during summer II Testarea
unor furaje proteice utilizate n creterea intensiv a crapului
(Cyprinus carpio, L.1758) , n vara a II-a
........................................................................................
537 109. Z109 Denisa RACHIERU, R. DUCA, Margareta OLTEANU
Validation of a method to determine vitamin E (alpha tocopherol)
from feed ingredients by HPLC using reversed phase chromatography
Validarea unei metode pentru determinare a vitaminei E (alfa
tocoferol) din materii prime furajere prin HPLC utiliznd
cromatografia cu faza invers
........................................... 543Z110 Marinela
ENCULESCU Research regarding green mass consumability of 110.
natural grass lands and productive effect in fattening young cattle
Cercetri privind consumabilitatea masei verzi de pe pajitile
naturale i efectul productiv al acesteia la tineretul taurin la
ngrat ................................ 548Z111 Andreea VASILACHI,
C. DRAGOMIR, Aurelia SOARE The effect of a 111. microbial product
on production performances of fattening steers: preliminary results
Efectul unui produs microbian asupra performanelor productive ale
tineretului taurin la ngrat: date
preliminare........................... 553
112. Z112 M. CONDREA Some aspects regarding phosphocalcic
dismetabolia at the Unele aspecte privind dismetaboliile
fosfocalcice la cine ...................... 559 dogZ113 Rodica
CPRI, A. CPRI Research on some chemical analysis 113. methods for
evaluating the soybean meal quality Cercetri asupra unor metode de
analize chimice pentru evaluarea calitii finii de soia
................... 562Z114 114. Lucica NISTOR, Camelia HODOAN,
Andra SULER, Daniela IANICHI, Victoria Gratziela BAHACIU Research
regarding the influence of lead in fodder plants Cercetri privind
influena acumulrii plumbului n plantele furajere
.............................................................................
566
115. Z115 Fl. CLIN - The improvement of the degraded grasslands
through radical recovery Ameliorarea pajitilor degradate prin
refacere radical................. 569Z116 Elena COSTCHESCU, G.
HOHA, Angela GAVRILA Researches 116. regarding the age influence on
Chinchila female rabbits breeding performances Cercetri privind
influena vrstei asupra performanelor de reproducie a iepuroaicelor
din rasa Chinchila .............................................
573
Z117 I. DULUGEAC - The study of the evolution regarding the
Romanian Sports 117. Horse and the management of equine sports from
Romania in the European area Studiul evoluiei la Calul de Sport
Romnesc i managementul sporturilor hipice din Romnia n arealul
european........................................... 576Z118 I.
DULUGEAC, V. UJIC, M. DOLI, Rodica DNIL, M. BURLIC 118. The
phenotypic parameters at the population of Sports Horses from
Romania Parametrii fenotipici la populaia Calului de Sport din
Romnia
..............................................................................................................
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Universitatea de tiine Agricole i Medicin Veterinar Iai
Z119 119. Camelia HODOAN, Lucica NISTOR, Andra SULER, Daniela
IANICHI, S. BARBUICA Research concerning the possibility of
spectrophotometric methods for determining the uric acid levels in
bird fecal discharge Cercetri privind posibilitatea utilizrii
metodei spectrofotometrice n determinarea acidului uric din
dejeciile de pasre ......... 586
120. L.C. STAFIE Alternatives to broiler chickens breeding in
peasant Z120 households Soluii alternative pentru creterea puilor
de carne n gospodriile
rneti..........................................................................................
588Z121 L.C. STAFIE Alternatives to laying hens breeding in peasant
households 121. Soluii alternative pentru creterea ginilor outoare
n gospodriile
rneti...............................................................................................................
596Z122 Eva CSUTAK - Influence of raw milk quality on Lactobacillus
acidophilus 122. multiplication and probiotic yoghurt production
Influena calitii laptelui materie prim asupra nmulirii bacteriei
Lactobacillus acidophilus i a produciei de iaurt
probiotic.........................................................................
604
123. Z123 Daniela IANICHI, Cristiana DIACONESCU, Lucica NISTOR,
Camelia HODOAN, L. URDE Influence of starch adding on the meat
compositions viscosity Influena adugrii amidonului asupra vscozitii
compoziiilor de
carne......................................................................
610Z124 Vioara MIREAN, Camelia RDUCU, Aurelia PECE, C. COROIAN 124.
Determination of vitamin A in cow milk through HPLC Determinarea
vitaminei A din laptele de vac prin
HPLC.........................................................
615
Z125 P. SAVESCU, A. DUNOIU, L. GIURGIULESCU Researches regarding
125. the decrease of the oxidative level of cow milk after the
action of different antioxidant agents Cercetri cu privire la
reducerea nivelului oxidativ al laptelui de vac dup intrarea n
aciune a unor ageni antioxidani ................ 616Z126 P.
SAVESCU, A. DUNOIU, I. STAN Study regarding the changes of cow 126.
milk redox potential and pH follow the addition of specific
microrganisms Studiu cu privire la variaia potenialului redox i a
pH-ului laptelui de vac n urma nsmnrii cu unele microorganisme
specifice .......................... 621Z127 t. LAZR, O.C. VORNICU
Biological honey and its attainment 127. principles Mierea biologic
i principiile care stau la baza obinerii
acesteia................................................................................................................
628
Z128 128. Lucica NISTOR, Camelia HODOAN, Andra SULER, Daniela
IANICHI, Victoria Gratziela BAHACIU Research concerning the effects
of oxidizing agents used in the miller's and baking industry
Cercetri privind efectele agenilor oxidani utilizai n industria de
morrit i panificaie
...........................................................................................
632
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129. Z129 Rodica CPRI, A. CPRI Monitoring the milk acidification
by the conductometric method Monitorizarea acidifierii laptelui
prin metoda conductometric
..................................................................................................
635Z130 Valerica MACOVEI, I. GLC The hydro and biological
characteristic of 130. water from an ornamental lake
Caracteristicile hidrobiologice ale apei dintr-un bazin
piscicol.........................................................................................
639
131. Z131 Nicoleta DOBROTA, Mioara COSTACHE, Soare STANCIOIU,
Gh. DOBROTA Technologic performances of carp breeding (Cyprinus
carpio) in ground basins of small dimensions Performane tehnologice
ale creterii crapului (Cyprinus carpio) n bazine de pmnt de mici
dimensiuni
...........................................................................................................
643Z132 Luiza FLOREA The comparative analysis of fish resources in
the Danube 132. near Brila, within the periods 1972-1986 and
2006-2008 Analiza comparativ a resursei de pete din Dunre, zona
Brila, n perioadele 1972-1986 i
2006-2008......................................................................................
649
Z133 D. OPREA, L. OPREA The effect of density on bester (H. huso
A. 133. ruthenus) larvae reared in a superintensive system Influena
densitii asupra larvelor de bester (H. huso A. ruthenus) crescute n
sistem
superintensiv........................................................................................................
655
134. Adina POPESCU (SRBU), Maria FETECU, Isabelle METAXA, Z134
Angelica DOCAN Preliminary aspects concerning structure zooplankton
in the Balta Mare Carja 1 fish farm Aspecte preliminare privind
structura zooplanctonului in Balta Mare Ferma piscicola Carja 1
................. 661Z135 I. VASILEAN, V. CRISTEA, Lorena SFETCU -
Influence of stocking 135. density and water parameters on growth
of juvenile Beluga sturgeon (Huso huso, Linnaeus, 1758) Influenta
densitatii si a parametrilor apei asupra cresterii puietului de
morun (Huso huso, Linnaeus, 1758) .................................
666
136. Z136 Elena COSTHESCU, G. HOHA, Lenua FOTEA Researches
regarding the carp breeding in policulture with Polyodon spathula
Cercetri privind creterea crapului n policultur cu Polyodon
spathula......................... 672Z137 Marioara NICULA, P.
NEGREA, I. GERGEN, M. HRMNESCU, I. 137. GOGOA, M. LUNCA Mercury
bioaccumulation in tissues of fresh water fish Carassius auratus
gibelio (Silver crucian carp) after chronic mercury intoxication
Bioacumularea tisular a mercurului la specia de ap dulce Carassius
auratus gibelio (carasul argintiu) n intoxicaia cronic cu mercur
...............................................................................................
676
138. Z138 Gabi DUMITRESCU, S. VOIA, Liliana PETCULESCU CIOCHIN,
A. GROZEA, D. DRONCA, T. POLEN, Liliana BOCA, Iuliana CREESCU, I.
BNEAN-DUNEA Aspects regarding the assessment of octylphenol effect
on growth and development in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) Aspecte
privind evaluarea efectului octilfenolului asupra creterii i
dezvoltrii la crapul comun (Cyprinus carpio) ....................
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BACKLucrri tiinifice - vol. 52 seria Zootehnie
RESEARCH ACTIVITIES IN ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY AND LIVESTOCK SYSTEMS
AT INRA (FRENCH NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR AGRONOMIC RESEARCH)Y. Nys,
F. Guillou, J.B. Coulon and P. ChemineauINRA, Tours 37380, France
e-mail: [email protected] Abstract INRA Animal Physiology and
Livestock Systems Division (PHASE) forms a large scientific
community (>500 scientists, >1200 workers) concerned by
biology, physiology and animal sciences having animal production
and food qualities as endpoints. PHASE should propose ecologically
intensive systems of animal production maintaining farmer income.
In 2007, French animal productions represented 17% of the total
European (UE25) animal production, being leader for bovine and
poultry. During the last 30 years, there was specialization,
concentration and intensification of the animal production system.
In parallel, consumers gave more importance to safety, quality, and
specificity of products, to ethical and environmental
considerations resulting in new European regulations. Sequencing of
genomes, wide transcriptomic, proteomic and metabolomic approaches
has opened the way to integrative biology. The PHASE priorities are
therefore functional genomics, sustainable development of
agriculture, knowledge and acceptability of biotechnologies, animal
welfare, meat, milk and egg qualities for human feed. The
objectives are to maintain France and Europe among the leaders of
animal productions and to increase our scientific knowledge on the
biology and breeding of fish, birds and mammals within their
farming systems. PHASE aims to develop techniques for sustainable
livestock systems and to understand the fundamental mechanisms of
physiological functions which shape the phenotype and qualities of
and animal products. For information see
http://www.international.inra.fr/
http://www.inra.fr/compact/nav/externe/en/departements/ecrans/17.
Keywords: animal physiology, product, sustainability, food
INTRODUCTION AND ECONOMICAL CONTEXT
SOCIO
INRA Animal Physiology and Livestock Systems Division (PHASE)
division forms a large scientific community which includes biology,
physiology and animal sciences and has animal production and food
qualities as endpoints. The first element of context is the
expected explosion of human population (9 billions) which will need
to be fed and the recognition that we are using a limited natural
system. Animal products should come from environmentally friendly
systems preserving the environment. We should propose ecologically
intensive systems and take into account the consequences of global
change on livestock systems. The second element is the
competitively of animal
production systems, in order to maintain farms and farmers with
a sufficient degree of income and autonomy. In 2007, French animal
productions represented 17% of the total European (UE25) animal
production. In particular, France is the leader for bovine and
poultry meat and eggs. During the last 30 years, there was
specialization, concentration and intensification of the animal
production system. In parallel, consumer demand changed greatly,
giving importance to quality, ethical and environmental
considerations stressed in Europe through new regulations. The
third element is the need to ensure that animal products are safe
and appropriate for human nutrition and demand. In addition, French
consumers considers the linkage of product qualities to the terroir
(combined notions of a geographical location, its
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Universitatea de tiine Agricole i Medicin Veterinar Iai
agricultural potential and cultural elements) and consequent
knowledge of the conditions of production and their influence on
the product, are new, major events to be taken into account in our
research programs. The fourth element is the world-wide scientific
competition within animal biology and, animal production.
Sequencing of genomes, wide transcriptomic, proteomic and
metabolomic approaches have been able to provide a high flow of
information. They require an extremely high analytic power for
their outputs which allow us to explore the links and networks
between genes and phenotype(s). The interest in resolving the
complexity of biology has led to an increased alliance between
mathematicians and biologists, using modelling as the meeting
point, and has opened the way to integrative approaches
(integrative biology)
PRIORITIES AND OBJECTIVES OF THE PHASE DIVISIONThey belong to
four domains: Integrative biology: functional genomics and
bioinformatics, cell differentiation and modelisation Sustainable
development of agriculture and global change Knowledge and
acceptability of biotechnologies, animal welfare Meat, milk and egg
qualities for human feed The first objective is to propose to
French and European political and socio-economic stakeholders,
tools to maintain France and Europe among the leaders of animal
productions, in terms of quantitative and qualitative animal
production, but also in terms of genetic improvement of most animal
species and interaction with the livestock systems. The second
objective is to increase our scientific knowledge of farm animal
physiology by producing original knowledge with a more integrated
vision of animal biology with constitution of scientific poles
which might associate scientific and industrial partners who share
our scientific aims and models. PHASE aims (1) to increasing
knowledge, from genes to their functions, on the biology and
breeding of fish, birds and mammals within their farming -
systems, in order to better understand the fundamental
mechanisms of physiological functions which shape the phenotype and
qualities of animal products, (2) to developing techniques for
sustainable livestock systems to increase competitiveness of farms
and producer organizations, and control quality of the products
while respecting animal welfare and the environment. To reach the
objectives, the activity of PHASE staff (1250 workers including 510
scientists, 16 research units, 16 experimental units) is spread
over five operational Thematic fields : (1) Neurobiology, behaviour
and adaptation: olfaction, cognitive process, relational behaviour,
feeding behaviour and feed intake, environmental adaptation
mechanisms (2) Reproduction, embryonic and larval development,
biotechnology of reproduction: male and female gametes, central and
peripheral control of sexual activity, biology of embryonic
development, biotechnology of reproduction, transgenesis (fish,
mammals, chicken, goat, rabbit) (3) Digestion, feeding and
nutritional value of feed: regulation of ingestion and digestion,
interaction between nutrition and animal health, new nutritional
values of feeds, feed evaluation (4) Dynamics of elaboration of
animal tissues and related products: multiplication and
differentiation of animal cells, mechanism of tissue development,
metabolism, relation between protein structure and function, study
of lactation, ovogenesis. (5) Conception of biotechnical livestock
systems and evaluation of their sustainability: design, evaluation
and modeling of livestock systems, technical, economical and social
acceptability of innovations. Studies (about 700/year) are carried
out on domestic animals (beef, pig, poultry, fish) and animal
models (mice, zebra fish) and issued in numerous publication
(1000/year,45% being journal articles). More information is
available on the INRA website: http://www.international.inra.fr/
and for detail information of activities in animal production :
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Lucrri tiinifice - vol. 52 seria Zootehnie
http://www.inra.fr/compact/nav/externe/e
n/departements/ecrans/17.
MAJOR INNOVATIONS RECENTLY TRANSFERRED TO FARMS AND TO THE
INDUSTRY
To illustrate the activities of the PHASE division, we proposed
to present major innovations in the recent years of interest for
users in the 5 areas of animal production division. Animal
behaviour and Welfare - Producing and using welfare criteria
related to animal in cattle and horses: in bovine Limousine breeds,
genetic selection on docility is practised; in horses, behaviour
marks have been given to some stallions for the first time in
France in 2007, and mares will receive behaviour marks for future
selection in one breed. Welfare criteria are used for calves,
poultry and pigs (criteria used for development of European
policy). - Elaborating a multifactorial approach of welfare in
farms in pigs, bovine and poultry (Welfare quality European
program) in order to define a special grid to be applied in
European farms. - Development of management tools or facilities
able to increase welfare in farms: housing in dairy cattle
(carpets) and poultry (laying hen coops); fitness in pigs (tooth
cutting, castration), which were used during the development of
legislative rules. Techniques for controlled breeding and
biotechnologies - Use of semen (liquid and/or deep-frozen semen)
and embryo preservation techniques in fish, poultry and mammals: a
large majority of processes used in artificial insemination and
embryo transfer centres, and/or in farms come from developments in
INRA units. A patent for semen preservation in horses is used by
IMV (world leader of artificial insemination technologies ). - Use
of in vitro biotechnologies (in vitro maturation of oocytes and in
vitro fertilization) for genetic improvement in dairy and beef
cattle: most of the technologies used were developed by INRA units.
- Development of a specific machine ( PulseIons ) for piloting
Calcium waves around the time of fertilization in individual
oocytes and embryos: patents and licensing to a start-up company
(Bracer Biotech).
- Patents to use chicken embryonic stem cells for germ line
transmission of transgenes. - Use of in vitro biotechnologies for
endangered species: birth of a fawn of an endangered species of
deer (Japanese Sikka) from a common bred mother (Elaph deer)
(collaboration with MNHN, National museum for nature). - The Atlas:
Ultrasonography and reproduction in swine (in French, English,
Spanish and Italian) sold almost 2 500 copies. - Use, in farms, of
a combination of lighting treatments and the male-effect to induce
out-of-season breeding in small ruminant females, horses and
poultry: half of the French goat farms use them. Use of lighting
treatments in AI centres in small ruminant males: all AI centres
used lighting treatments developed in PHASE labs. - Tool for
electronic detection of oestrus in ruminants: patent deposited,
licensing in discussion with industrial partners. - Use of
melatonin to control out-ofseason breeding in sheep: more than 300
000 implants are sold yearly all over the world. - Use of cloning
for rare and endangered individuals or breeds: one exceptional AI
bull was cloned and a breed was saved from extinction (Aurore the
last survivor of Bleu du Bazougeais bovine breed). Engineering of
animal feeding - Development of tables of composition and nutritive
value of raw materials for major farm animals (200 concentrates and
byproducts, 50 to 100 criteria per feed). These tables were
translated in English, Spanish and Chinese and 12 000 copies were
sold. - Publication of a book on Ruminant Feeding (including 1250
forages) sold at 9 000 copies in 2007 (translation to Spanish and
English in preparation). - Recommendations on restricted feeding in
ruminants, pigs, poultry, rabbits, horse and fishes, based on
studies on ingestion, digestion and nutrient utilization was used
to develop softwares such as: INRAtion for ruminants, translated
into English, Spanish and Romanian (3 500 licences sold); Paturin,
Herbevol and Herbavenir for help on pasture management (several
hundred users in France and Europe); INRAPorc for rationing in pigs
(300 licences sold in 16 countries, 451 teaching licences); INAVI
and
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Universitatea de tiine Agricole i Medicin Veterinar Iai
AviSim in poultry (more than 100 licences sold to industrial
partners). In fishes optimization of feed formula to reduce
incorporation of fish products in fish feeding and dumping
estimates are used by feed companies. In rabbits, recommendations
of fibre content and level of feeding for young rabbit health are
used by rabbit producers. - Specific husbandry schemes (use of
specific AA) and additives (probiotics) to replace antibiotics in
ruminants, monogastric animals and fishes were developed with
private companies and used by them. - Use of vegetable sources of
nutrients (proteins and oil) for fish production was increased from
15-20% to more than 50% in the last five years. Development of
animal products designed for human feeding - Modulation of fatty
acid contents of milk and meat by specific feeds: our research has
determined feeding strategies (use of Lineseed) to modulate the
methane emission and FA content in ruminant and pork meat and milk.
These results are used by specific producers in particular to
enrich animal products in omega 3 FA (Bleu Blanc Coeur, Danone,
...). A part of these programs were funded by these companies. -
Production of Pilot animal products with innovative compositions
for studies in human nutrition (performed by AlimH division) and/or
in food process (performed by CEPIA division, feed technology). -
Use of natural antioxidants in ruminant nutrition to prevent
oxidation of beneficial fatty acids in meat: work with a start-up
(Phytosynthse) in the field, which uses the results of our
laboratories and who grant a licence for use of the patent. -
Specific engineering of fish feeding to achieve adequate fatty acid
contents of flesh. - Participation in the drafting of
recommendations for inclusion in the specifications of meat
produced under quality schemes: work and expertise of PHASE
scientists allow us to define typical animal products, and are used
by industry to develop the specifications (i.e. the accepted rules
for production) of their products under quality schemes (PDO,
Protected Designation of Origin, Labels, Organic farming, etc).
- Involvement since 2006 of 10 division scientists to the AFSSA,
French food safety authority group working on Impacts of husbandry
and breeding techniques on fatty acid composition of animal
products and human feeding . - Tools for traceability of animal
products: 2 patents were registered. - Tools for predicting meat
tenderness: 1 patent with breeder organization was registered,
licensing under discussion. New livestock systems - Development of
innovative livestock systems that respect the environment: (a)
Green Piggery to reduce environmental effects (wastes, odours), (b)
feeding systems to reduce mineral wastes, (c) management systems to
retain soluble contaminants in the litter. These elements were used
in developing new regulatory policies. - Study of the consequences
of innovative practices (once-a-day milking in ruminants,
sequential feeding in poultry, etc), or changes in regulations
(poultry cages, dates of weaning). - Development of integrated
systems of ovine production under organic farming: a
research-development platform allows us to compare different
management systems of animals under organic farming conditions and
to test husbandry practices (antiparasitic treatments, use of
concentrate feeding, management of reproduction), compatible with
the specifications of organic farming. - Evaluation of wastes from
different fish rearing systems: data used by CIPA (Interindustrial
committee for aquaculture and fisheries) and ITAVI
(Inter-industrial institute in charge of poultry, rabbit and fish
production) for the negotiation with the Ministry of Agriculture
and Sustainable Development on the French water framework
directive.
CONCLUSION AND PROSPECTS
To conclude, we would like to emphasize the main evolutions of
the division since recent years. Scientifically, a large number of
scientists have continued to move towards a better investment in
integrative biology by using transcriptomic and proteomic
approaches on the agronomic species, in spite of difficulties in
the development of specific tools at the beginning of the period.
These approaches, combined with classical methods
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Lucrri tiinifice - vol. 52 seria Zootehnie
for the characterization of phenotypes, have allowed PHASE to
keep his place in the worldwide competition for physiological
explanations of the variability of adult traits. The implication in
functional genomics was also improved, but this was more an
increase in the use of model animals (mice and fish) than the
development of new and specific genetically-modified agricultural
models. For the latter, we still need to develop efficient tools
for easy genetic engineering, a domain in which we are active and
in which our teams are competent, but where the scientific
challenges to be overcome are numerous and difficult. The
production of these tools for our domestic species will open the
door to easily obtainable genetically modified animals. A
continuous investment was also made in modelling approaches, from
gene networks to livestock systems, passing from cells to tissues,
organs and animals. This allowed the development of fruitful
cooperation with scientists of a completely different culture
(mathematicians) than that existing in PHASE division. The
scientific development towards the exploration of sustainable
systems of production was more difficult because it needed a more
profound change in mentalities and, for a part of the PHASE
scientists, a move far from their immediate scientific fields.
Scientific investments were made with the idea that PHASE should
propose innovations, know-how and explanations linked to livestock
productions, not only to farmers but now to all of society. PHASE
division should continue to support the reversible continuum
between basic science which provides original and competitive
results and explanations, and applied science which provides
innovations and know-how. Regarding experimental facilities and
units,. The objectives were to modernize them ready for a future
European accreditation. Units were merged in various sites in order
to rationalize and increase the efficiency of the systems and to
constitute new units under a renewed management. The budgetary
management of the division was oriented in three main directions in
order to stabilize the units but stimulate some area of
research:
Maintain a minimum direct and non-scientifically orientated
budget for units to allow them to develop their own policy Reserve
an increasing part of the budget for incitation funds dedicated to
the objectives proposed in the strategic agenda, and allowing
recently-recruited scientists (especially young ones) to develop
new and innovative programs Specific activities open to outside
partners to build the initial elements of new programs to be
submitted later to ANR (national research agency which is founding
research programmes). In the next strategic agenda, PHASE division
priorities will firstly to continue the investment in integrative
biology and to develop, in close association with GA division
(Animal Genetics), a large program of highoutput phenotyping. This
would be done under GA responsibility for phenotype
characterization of agricultural animals, with a strong implication
of the PHASE division for definition of traits and use of
experimental units. The second priority is the proposition of a
very large program regarding the ecologicalnutritional imprinting
of animal products, and its consequences on innovative and
sustainable systems of production. Everyone now recognizes that we
should adapt our production livestock systems to better integration
in their natural environment, thus developing ecologically
intensive farming systems, but only a few scientists have reached
the objective of proposing systems which can produce under such
constraints. One way to change the systems is to provide consumers
with an exact and exhaustive indication of the origin, conditions
of production and qualities of the products they are consuming.
Finally, PHASE division will also continue to support essential
programs such as modelling approaches. PHASE will also reorganize
research and experimental units and raise facilities to a high
standard which will enable them to be used by European
partners.
REFERENCES
*** http://www.international.inra.fr/ ***
http://www.inra.fr/compact/nav/externe/en/departe
ments/ecrans/17
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BACKUniversitatea de tiine Agricole i Medicin Veterinar Iai
BREEDING PROGRAMS AND PROGENY TESTING IN THE TIMES OF GENOMIC
SELECTIONJ. AumannBesamungsverein Neustadt a. d. Aisch e. V. Web:
www.bvn-online.de, e-mail: [email protected] Genomic selection
will be the next big milestone for the development of breeding
programs for dairy and dual purpose cattle. The theoretical work
was done during the last 8 years since MEUWISSEN (2001) made the
first proposal to use genomic information in Genetic Gain cattle
breeding programs. During the last years the technology for
genotyping Genomic Selection our animals were developed rapidly.
Now it is possible to get the genome0,467 A wide information of our
breeding animals for 40000 to 60000 Single nucleotide proteins
(SNP) for a price of about 250,00 EURO. Therefore it is important
for a breeding association or an A.I. Company to plan how this
information can be sampled in an optimal way for a utilization in
our breeding programs to increase the genetic standard of our
breeds. Key words: genomic, genetic markers, progeny, selection
1. Advantages of genomic selection Genomic selection means, that
breeding values of animals are derived by the information of 20000
to 60000 loci, which were evaluated by new techniques of detection
of genetic markers. Many scientific projects are in progress to
estimate breeding values out of this information. In USA, New
Zealand and Netherlands systems of genomic selection are in
practice since several months. France has announced to start in
April 2009 and in Germany July 2009 should be the start of this new
technique. All these countries are in strong competition with their
Holsteins and therefore the pressure is very high to introduce such
a system.
The advantages of genomic selection are that at the age of 12
months a breeding value derived by genomic selection has a
reliability of 0,55 to 0,75 for dairy traits. Without genomic
selection only a pedigree breeding value with a reliability of
about 40% can be derived out of the animal model. If the
reliability out of the genomic selection is high enough to use
these sires as proofed sires in artificial insemination the
generation interval in cattle breeding programs can be reduced
drastically. This results then in a much higher genetic progress.
L. Shaffer (200 ) pointed out that the genetic progress will be
more than twice in comparative to a progeny testing system, if the
reliability of the genomic breeding values is 0,75.
Table 1 Four pathways of selection, progeny testing Accuracy
Pathway Sire of bulls Sire of cows Selection % 5 20 i 2.06 1.40
2.42 0.27 fn 0.99 0.75 0.60 0.50 Generation Interval, L 6.5 6 5
4.25 21.75 i x fn 2.04 1.05 1.45 0.14 4.68
Dams of bulls 2 Dams of cows 85 Total
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Lucrri tiinifice - vol. 52 seria ZootehnieTable 2 Four pathways
of selection, genome-wide strategy Accuracy Pathway Sire of bulls
Sire of cows Selection % 5 20 i 2.06 1.40 2.42 0.27 fn 0.75 0.75
0.60 0.50 Generation Interval, L 6.5 6 5 4.25 21.75 i x fn 2.04
1.05 1.45 0.14 4.68
Dams of bulls 2 Dams cows Total of 85
2. Demands for breeding programs National breeding programs have
to take into account the international competition. For traits,
which are evaluated and used international by organizations like
INTERBULL, this breeding programs have to take into account that
the genetic progress in those traits should be on the same level as
in the other countries. For national breeding programs dairy traits
like milk yield and e.g. somatic cell score are much more important
than functional traits like longevity, fertility and calving
ease.
These farmers try to make sure that the sires, which are used in
their herd will lead to high quality progenies. The best known
strategy for this is a progeny testing program with at least 100
daughters. This may result in lower selection differentials as if
only genomic breeding values are used. 3. Impacts on breeding
programs Nearly all specialists in breeding programs want to use
genomic information in their breeding programs. Breeds with a high
competition between breeding programs in different countries have a
much higher pressure to utilize this information. But at this time
we do not know about the realized reliability of genomic
information and we dont know about the intervals in which the
formula for calculating the breeding values out the genomic
information should be adapted. In the dual purpose breed Fleckvieh
(Baltata Romaneasca) have not such a high pressure from
international competition. Therefore we are thinking on a more
evolutionary way to introduce genomic selection in our breeding
program. Preselection of young test bulls by genomic selection More
intensive progeny testing of those sires with 500 instead of 100
daughters Sampling the information on production traits and
functional traits out of this test bulls Deriving economic weights
under the new situation to optimize the breeding goal
In contrast for breeders these functional traits seem to be more
important, since the profit of a breeding herd results mostly from
the value of the sold products like milk and breeding animals.
Breeding animals can only be sold from the farm if more animals are
produced than the farmer needs to replace his herd. Therefore
longevity and fertility have a very high importance for single
breeders. Since national breeding programs are in international
competition and are carried out by breeders which own between 20
and 500 Herd book cows, both parts have to be included in an
optimal strategy. From the theoretical approach of quantitative
selection a reliability of 60 to 65 % may be enough to select
A.I.-bulls and use them to produce 20000 or 30000 progenies in the
population. For breeders, especially those with smaller herds below
100 cows, the value of the single animal is to high to believe in a
higher increase of the genetic value only on average.
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Universitatea de tiine Agricole i Medicin Veterinar Iai
Working with this steps has the big advantage, that the breeders
may follow the elements of the new breeding program. If they learn
to work with this genomic information they are much more active in
using such techniques in their herds. Since our breeding programs
are based on an active work of the farmers, this seems to very
important to get a suitable solution for the whole population. This
can also be proofed by the inseminations done in our A.I. Station
in Germany. About 15 to 20% of our cows are inseminated with sires,
which have already many daughters from the second crop and
therefore a reliability of 99%. This shows that some milk producers
do not trust in our bulls with a reliability of about 80%. It seems
to be not reasonable to convince these farmers to use genomic
selected bulls. Perhaps it is possible to convince them to use
bulls, which were tested with a group of 500 female (dairy) and 500
male (beef) progenies. After introduction of genomic selection some
specialized breeding farms may accept genomic breeding values to
produce the next generation of test bulls. If both pathways are
possible there is a real reduction of the generation interval for
our dual purpose breed. This slow strategy gives us the chance to
make more evaluations on the development of functional traits with
genomic selection. This seems to be very important, because the
decision for good and less good breeds will be done in future more
on functional traits than on production traits. The discussion
about crossbreeding in the Holstein population coming from the USA
is mainly based on the fact, that American milk
producers are not satisfied with the longevity, fertility,
calving ease and somatic cell count of their cows. Consequences for
cattle breeding in Romania For cattle breeding in Romania the
introduction of genomic selection may be a good chance to take part
in a cooperation of national breeding programs. In Baltata
Romaneasca as well as in Holstein you are working strongly together
with the populations in Germany, France and Austria. Since this is
done for a longer period the Romanian population has many links to
western European populations. Therefore the genomic breeding values
for Germany and France can also derived for Romanian animals. This
gives Romanian breeders the chance to take part in the German
testing program and sell animals as test bulls in these
populations. For the foreign populations the population from which
the test bulls are selected increases and may then be responsible
for a higher genetic gain in Romania and Germany or France
respectively. This formulated goal may be a little bit optimistic,
but long cooperations between Romanian and German partners in the
last 10 years - as we carried out in Targu Mures - give me the
motivation to continue this in the future. In this context, genomic
selection is not only a good chance to improve animal breeding but
also the cooperations between the German and the Romanian breeding
associations and their breeding programs. 4.
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BACKLucrri tiinifice - vol. 52 seria Zootehnie
PESTICIDES WITH ENDOCRINE DISRUPTING FUNCTION BIOMARKERS OF
EXPOSUREB. Georgescu1, Carmen Georgescu2, S. Drban11
Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Biotechnologies, University of
Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca 2 Faculty
of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca
Abstract The enyzme complex P-450 cytocrom is responsible of
pollutant biotransformation and neutralization in animal organism.
Practically, these enzymes are present in most tissues, being
peculiarly good represented in liver. They play a major role in the
metabolic pathways of Ist phase reactions. P-450-dependent
cytochrom enzymes catalyze oxidation, reduction and hydrolysis
reactions, supposing introduction of some reactive groups with high
polarity into the pollutant molecule: -OH; -SH; -COOH and NH2.
Pollutant biotransformation processes are differently carried on,
function of the hidrosoluble or liposoluble nature of the
xenobiotic. Liposoluble pollutants are metabolized in the
endoplasmatic reticle, while hidrosoluble pollutants are
metabolized in other cell organelles. Identification and
quantification of enzymes specific activity from this overfamily
indicates organism exposure to contaminants, being widely used as
biomarkers of environment quality and agro-feeding products. Key
words: pollutant, animal bioacumulation, detoxification, cytocrom
CYP 1A1
Action assessment of pollutants in environment on animal
organisms but also on humans, can be realized as early as initial
phase by biomarkers. Pollutant action on animal organism determines
modifications in cell and molecules level, including genetic
material modifications (DNA), but also the presence of some
responsive enzymes (proteins) to pollutant action. Such a family of
enzymes is represented by P450 cytochrom (CYP). To the level of
February month, 2008, the cytochrom P450 (CYP) enzyme superfamily
was constituted of above 7000 representatives with known
nucleotides sequence, identified in animals, plants, bacteria and
fungus (Pelkonen , et al., 2008). Human genome has as components 57
genes of CYP type. CYP fifteen enzymes from 1, 2 and 3 families
metabolize xenobiotics. Other CYP-s present a more narrow
specificity for the substratum and principally metabolize endogen
substances, as: sterols, fat acids, eicosanoides and vitamins.
P450
cytochrom enzymes (CYP) practically are found in all tissues,
the best being represented in liver. CYP different representatives
can be identified in intestine, lung, kidney, brain, gonads, hart,
suprarenal glands, nasal and tracheal mucosa and in skin (Pelkonen,
et al., 2008). Xenobiotic conversion into metabolites supposes some
enzymatic reactions, classified by Williams (1959) into I-st phase
reactions and II-nd phase reactions. From the category of I-st
phase reactions , oxidation, reduction and hydrolysis are belonging
to, while in the category of II-nd phase reactions , conjugation
and synthesis reactions are appointed. Logically, one or more
reactions of I-st phase precede reactions of II-nd phase. Metabolic
path ways of I-st phase reactions, catalyzed by enzymes of oxidase,
reductase and hydrolase category, supposes introduction into
pollutant molecule of some reactive groups with high polarity: -OH,
-SH, -COOH and
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Universitatea de tiine Agricole i Medicin Veterinar Iai
NH2. Displaying headquarters of biodegradation processes are
different function of hydrosoluble or lyposoluble nature of
pollutant. Lyposoluble pollutants are metabolized in endoplasmatic
reticle, and those hydrosoluble in other cell organelle. Oxidation
is catalysed by oxidases which transform a series of exogenous
substances such as nitrites, sulphides and sulphites in nitrates
and sulphides less nocives. Reduction contents couple reactions of
nitro- and amino-derivates reduction with methemoglobinisant
products forming and those of pentavalent arsenic reduction into a
trivalent compound. Hydrolise supposes desesterification,
desamination and hydrolytic scission reactions of some amides and
glycosides. Cytochrom P-450 dependant oxidation reactions,
represent the first step in most xenobiotic and a lot of endogenous
compounds metabolization, including fat acids, prostaglandins,
steroids and vitamins. The system P-450 (cytochrom P450 or CYP or
CYP-450) represents the generic term for a large number of
oxidative enzymes implicated into bacterial, vegetal and animal
physiology. The P-450 system is connected to the cell membrane
level and it is characterized by two major components: - cytochrome
c P-450, an hemoprotein, and - P-450 cytochrome reductase, a
flavoprotein which contains FMN and FAD prosthetic groups. This
enzyme reduces the cytochrome c and it is known as NADPH-cytochrome
c reductase. Another protein cofactor implicated in electron
transfer, nearly P-450 cytochrome reductase, is b5 cytochrome.
P-450 system uses molecular oxygen in view of oxidation reactions.
There are a lot of P-450 izo enzymes, that explain the capacity of
this system to oxidize numerous substratum. P-450 izoenzymes
present substratum specificity and
specific answer to enzymatic inductors such as Phenobarbital or
3-metylcolantren. In animals there are described two kind of P-450
cytochrome-dependant monooxigenasic systems. The most important,
major implicated in xenobiotic biotransformation is expressed in
microsomal fraction of endoplasmatic reticle from hepatocytes and
extra-hepatic cells (lung, kidney, placenta, tegument intestines,
suprarenal, testicular, ocular, pancreatic, mammary, aorta wall,
brain, nasal epithelium, colon, salivary glands, prostate, cardiac,
lympha ganglions, splenic, thymus and tiroida). The second
mono-oxigenasic system is recovered to the mitochondria level, in
steroidic cells (suprarenal, ovarian, testicular) and contains a
flavoprotein-FAD and a sulphide-iron-protein which make easier the
electron transfer from NADP to P-450. The mitochondrial P-450
system is implicated in steroid structure endogenous compounds
metabolization, such as cholesterol colecalciferol (D3
25-hydrovitamin), deoxycorticosteron (suprarenal hormone with
mineralocorticoide activity) and it is characterized by significant
high specificity comparatively to microsome mono-oxygenatic system
(Estabrook, 1984). In low concentrations, P-450 cytochrome system
also is expressed to nuclear membrane, Golgi apparatus and plasma
membrane level . Also, there is a P-450 independent mono-oxygenatic
system, placed to the endoplasmatic reticle level from liver and
extrahepatic tissues virtually present in all nucleate cells.
Flavin-dependent monooxygenase initially was isolated from pig
liver (Ziegler and Mitchell, 1972), later on also in other species
being identified (rat, mouse, rabbit). The system contains
dinucleotid-adenin-flavine co-enzyme (FAD), needs NADPH as
co-factor and as physiologic substratum cysteamine which is
oxydated to cystamine. Many organic chemical substances are
oxidated during arahydonic acid H-
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Lucrri tiinifice - vol. 52 seria Zootehnie
prostaglandine-syntase conversion into prostaglandine.
Xenobiotic oxidation is catalysed by hydroperoxidase of
Hprostaglandin-syntase, reaction being defined as co-oxidation. G2
prostaglandine reduction by H-prostaglandine-syntase needs electron
donation, usually derived from co-oxidated substratum. Co-oxidation
is implicated in biotransformation of some xenobiotics such as
benzopyren, diethylstilbestrol or acethaminofen. Some of them, such
as benzopyren are converted in strong mutagens as a result of this
reaction (Krauss and Eling, 1984). H-prostaglandine syntase
activity is strong expressed in extrahepatic tissues with reduced
P-450 mono-oxigenasic activity. These tissues include tegument,
renal medullary, lung and endothelium cells from vascular walls.
Xenobiotic metabolization by peroxidation leads to metabolic
compounds which can mediate toxic effects. One of main metabolic
pathway for alcohols and aldehydes biotransformation is oxidation
by aldehydes and ketones, respectively to carboxylic acids.
Aldehyde dehydrogenase is wide distributed in mammal tissues, but
being most represented to hepatic level. Aldehydedehydrogenase uses
NAD(P)+ as co-factor, and aliphatic and aromatic aldehydes are
quickly oxidated to carboxylic acids. Mono-oxidases are disposed at
the mitochondria external membrane level, being wide distributed in
mammal tissues, excepting erythrocytes and plasma. This enzymatic
system catalyses oxidative deamination of many exogen or endogen
origin monoamines (ex, amines resulted following intestinal
microflora action, amines with neuro-transmission role, etc). P-450
cytochrome dependent reduction reactions take place in aerobic or
anaerobic conditions, having as co-factor NADH or NADPH. They
intervene in polyhalogenate alcans catalysation. By P-450
cytochrome dependent reduction reactions, are converted pollutants
such as DDT,
halothantrichlorinefluormethan, hexachlorinethan and
pentachlorinethan. Other classes of xenobiotics metabolized by the
same pathway are insaturated hydrocarbons (epoxides), primary
amines (hydroxylamines, hydrazo-derivated) and tertiary amines .
Hydrolyse reactions are mostly implicated in esther and amide
metabolization, but also of compounds converted in epoxides by
P-450 system. Hydrolise reactions are integrated in I-st phase
reactions because they generate RCOOH, RNH2 and ROH groups,
representing sites to whom level conjugation reactions take place
(II-nd phase reactions). These catalyse epoxydes hydratation to
dihydrodiols and represent important enzymes in
toxifyingdetoxifying processes. Aliphatic and aromatic insatured
hydrocarbons are converted into epoxydes by P-450 monooxygenases .
To their turn, some epoxydes are tied covalent to proteins and DNA,
inducing nocives effects such as cell necrosis, acute and chronic
toxicity, mutagenesis, carcinogenesis and teratogenesis. Diols
resulted following epoxyde hydrolase action are less toxic than
substratum, although in the case of some aromatic polycycling
hydrocarbons, diols are forerunners of some carcinogenic and
mutagenic compounds. There are described two distinct epoxyde
hydrolase with their place at the level of endoplasmatic reticle,
respectively in cytosol with substratum specificity. As a result of
different enzyme groups and intimate mechanisms of P-450 complex
enzymes action identification, it appears the possibility of
extension studies on a lot of species. Last years researches put in
evidence significant data on different organism reactivity from
varied terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, as a result of exposure
to pollutants, from the perspective of CYP stress responsive
enzymes, which are validated as significant biomarkers for
environment quality
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Universitatea de tiine Agricole i Medicin Veterinar Iai
assessment. So ,series of researches done on different fish
species (Jonsson et al, 2008; Jaksic et al, 2008; Marhon et al,
2008; Ahmad et al, 2004; Corsi et al, 2003; Marrottini et al, 2003)
put in evidence the presence and an increasing activity of P450
cytochrome to the level of different organs (liver, kidney, hart,
gills, brain, eye etc) as a result of exposure to different
pollutants (organochlorineted) and make conclusions that these
enzymes can be used as biomarkers of aquatic environment pollution.
So, Jonsson et al., (2007) identify in zebra fish (Danio rerio) CYP
1A1; CYP 1B1 and CYP 1C1 enzyme induction, to the level of many
organs (gills, hart, kidney, brain, eyes, intestines, gonads) as a
result of exposure to PCB-126 (polychorine biphenyl 126). In an
other fish species, respectively in anguilla (Anghilla anghilla),
Marhon et al (2008) identify CYP 1A1 expression (by RT-PCR method)
in gills, as a result of exposure to PCB-77. Also in anghilla,
Mariottini et al, (2003) propose use of EROD activity (in muscles)
as exposure biomarker to different PCB combinations (polychlorine
biphenils). In trout, EROD activity (in gills) can be used as
biomarker of water pollution with PCB 126. Corsi et al (2003) use 2
fish species , Zosterisessor ophicephalus and Mugil cephalus to
determine PCB and PAH action to liver level by following somatic
index of liver (SLI); EROD activity and acetyl-colin-esterase
(AChE) activity, these one could be also used as biomarkers of
water pollution. Organochlorined pollutants (lyndan) can be
monitored by biologic indicator species Gambusia affinis through
EROD activity quantification to liver level (Jaksic et al., 2008).
The presence of atrazin can induce P-450 1A1 cytochrome activation
to liver and carp blood level (Cyprinus carpio), (Chang et al.,
2005). Jonsson et al (2003) use many fish species (Salmo salar,
Salvelinus alpinus, Gadus mohua, Pollachius vireus and
Anarhichas minor) and following EROD activity to gills level as
a result of dioxin action exposure, make conclusions that this
biomarker can be used as useful instrument in water pollution
monitoring processes. Studies and researches were also realized on
bird species to determine the presence of P-450 cytochrome in
different organs level as a consequence of pollutant action. Dubois
et al., (1996) use quail (Conturnix conturnix) in studies that have
in view exposure assessment in different pollutants and identify
the presence of CYP 2B increase activity as a result of exposure to
lyndan and pentachlorinephenol. Head et al.(2007), as a consequence
of embryohepatocyte culture exposure obtained from hen (Gallus
gallus) and silver sea-gull (Larus argentatus) to TCDD (dioxin)
observe CYP 1A5 induction which can be used as biomarker of
exposure to dioxin. Also it were used aquatic mammals (otter and
seal) to determine P-450 cytochrome to the cell level of different
types. Thus, Hook et al. (2008) use sea otter (Enhydra lutris) and
identify CYP 1A1 and CYP 1B1 as a result of exposure to PCB and
PAH. Tilley et al (2002) determine in two seal species (Phoca
groenlandica and Halichoerus grypus) CYP 1A induction as biomarker
of exposure to different contaminants in environment. Induction of
CYP 1A increased activity (in epidermal tissue) as a result of PCB,
dioxin and furans exposure in seal species (Phoca vitulina) has
permitted validation of this one as exposure biomarker to these
pollutants. Dubois et al. (1996) identify CYP 1A1 in rat, in the
hepatocytes culture as a consequence to lyndan and
pentachlorinephenol exposure. Also in rat, Nims et al. (1998) and
Ngui et al. (1999) identify induction of a high CYP 2B activity to
the hepatic cell level as a result
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Lucrri tiinifice - vol. 52 seria Zootehnie
of DDT, DDE and DDD exposure, respectively to PCB and
Arochlorine. Nearly effected studies on wild animal species, also
were realized studies concerning P-450 cytochrome induction, as a
result of exposure to different pollutants in environment, to human
species. Researches principally were realized on hepatic cells (Hep
G2 line) and somatic cells (epithelial) obtained from maternal
milk. So, Dehn et al. (2005) expose human hepatic cells (Hep G2) to
different organochlorined pollutants (o, p-DDT, dieldrin,
endosulphan, kepone, metoxychlorine and toxaphen), obtaining
induction of CYP 1A and CYP 1B activation. It was obtained CYP 1A1
expression by human hepatic cells exposure (HepG2) to PCB-77. Some
organophosphorous pollutant action (azynphos-metylchlorinepyriphos,
diazynon, parathion) on hepatic cells determine induction of CYP
1A2 and CYP 2B6, and these can be used as biomarkers of exposure .
In human, it was succeed to determine P-450 cytochrome expression
(CYP 1A1) from hepatic cells (epithelial)isolated from maternal
milk and establishment of a positive correlation between CYP 1A1
high activity and exposure to dioxin (Diehl-Jones et al., 2000;
Yonemoto et al., 2004). Yonemoto et al., (2004) collect human milk
(1 week after birth) and establish positive correlations between
presence of dioxin in maternal organism and the quantity of CYP 1A1
from somatic cell level in maternal milk (epithelial), doing
conclusion that CYP 1A1 expression in somatic cell level from milk
can be used as biomarker of maternal organism exposure to dioxin.
Identification and quantification of P450 cytochrome (CYP)
enzymatic complex activity as stress-responsive reaction of
organisms exposure to different environmental pollutants make a
circumscription of an impo