LTE, LTE Advanced And Beyond 02/04/14 April 2014 Umar Iqbal Supervisor: Prof. Jyri Hämäläinen Instructor: InamUllah.

LTE , LTE Advanced And Beyond

02/04/14

April 2014

Umar IqbalSupervisor: Prof. Jyri Hämäläinen Instructor: InamUllah

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Outline

• Background

• Objective

• Long Term Evolution

• LTE Technologies

• LTE Advanced Technologies

• Beyond LTE - Advanced

• Conclusions

• References

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Background

• History of mobile communication can be traced back from 1895 but the practical mobile communication started with introduction of first generation mobile network (1G) in 1978.

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Background

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Objective

Reserch Objective :

• To provide the review of all the advancments in Cellular networks.

• Different Technologies adopted to improve the cellular communication.

• Future work in mobile networks.

Long Term Evolution (LTE) 1/3

Long Term Evolution (LTE)

• In 2004 3GPP started a project named as LTE, to improve the mobile phone standards and

meet the future demands

• Next Generation mobile broadband technology

• Based on UMTS 3G technology

• Optimized for All-IP traffic

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Long Term Evolution (LTE) 2/3 Requirements Of LTE

• Peak Data Rate : 100 Mbps in downlink and 50 Mbps in Uplink within a 20 MHz spectrum allocation

• Spectrum Allocation : E-UTRA to operate in 1.4, 3 ,5, 10, 15 and 20 MHz allocation. Hence allowing

different possibilities for re-farming already in use spectrum in uplink and downlink. Also Compatibility with

the existing 2G, 3G and non 3GPP systems around the word.

• Latency : Low latency for control plane and user plane, below 5 ms

• Coverage : Improve the Cell edge performance . Achieve the target throughput, spectral efficiency and

mobility for the 5 km radius cell

• Spectrum efficiency : LTE aims for 3 to 4 times spectrum efficiency in the downlink of Release 6 HSDPA

and 2 to 3 times spectrum efficiency in uplink as that of Release 6 HSUPA [9].

• Mobility : LTE support low speed and high speed mobility across the network. Low speed 0-15km/h and

high speed 15-120km/h

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Long Term Evolution (LTE) 3/3

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• IP based Architecture : Only Packet switched Network (All IP Solution) which reduces the signaling as well as

minimizing the system complexity for user equipment (UE) and network for improved stability.

• Self –organizing Network (SON) : To reduce the cost , LTE aim to be a self-organizing network by which it will

be able to self-configure the network and self-optimize the network hence saving the cost of optimization and

network planning

• Closed Subscriber Group (CSG) : limit the users that can access the base station (eNB) within a specific cell .

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LTE System Architecture 1/2

• LTE network architecture aims to reduce the complexity, cost and implementation of all IP based network

• LTE deploys a Flat Architecture

• LTE has evolved radio access network known as E-UTRAN while non-radio aspects evolution was names as

System Architecture Evolution (SAE)

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LTE System Architecture 2/2

• E-UTRAN : Radio Resource Control (RRC) control , Radio Link Control (RLC) and Packet Data

Convergence , Mobility management, Radio Resource management, header compression, ARQ, HARQ,

ciphering, deciphering and scheduling of the User plane data for reliable delivery of packets

• Evolved Packet Core :  It consist of

MME (Mobility Management Entity)

SAE (P-GW, S-GW) (System Architecture Evolution)

PCRF (Policy and Charging Rules Function)

HSS (Home Subscriber Server)

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LTE Technologies

Multiple Access Technology

• LTE employs Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) for downlink data transmission

and Single Carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA) for uplink transmission

• OFDMA refers to simultaneously supporting multiple users by assigning them specific subchannels for

intervals of time .OFDMA cope with severe channel conditions ( attenuation, narrowband interference and

frequency-selective fading due to multipath) without complex equalization filters

• Improves spectral efficiency, Reduce ISI effect by multipath, Provide better Protection against frequency

selective fading.

• SC-FDMA is a new single carrier multiple access technique which has similar structure and

performance to OFDMA used in uplink transmission. It reduces the Peak to average power ratio also

increase the battery life of the UE terminal

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LTE Technologies 2/2

Multiple Antenna Technique :

•Multiple antennas increases the throughput and efficiency of the system. In LTE it is used in two different

forms such as SU-MIMO , or MU-MIMO

•Two Modes of Deployment : Spatial Multiplexing , Transmit Diversity

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LTE -Advanced

Requirements Of LTE-Advanced

• Peak Data Rate : LTE-A provides Peak data rate of 1Gbps (for low mobility ) in DL and 500Mbps in

UL by using advanced MIMO schemes

• Spectral Efficiency :LTE-A targets to achieve peak spectrum efficiency of 30bps/Hz in DL and 15bps/Hz in UL

• Mobility : LTE-A supports mobility from 350km/h to 500 Km/h depending upon the frequency band used

by the operator

• Bandwidth : LTE-A supports wider bandwidth and asymmetrical bandwidth up to 100 MHZ (max UL+DL) .

It uses carrier aggregation for wider bandwidth and spectrum aggregation higher bandwidth

• CoMP :Coordinated Multipoint Transmission and Reception

• Relaying

• HetNets :Support for heterogeneous networks is a multiple layer deployment scheme which aims to achieve

•the peak data rate and increase the network capacity.

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LTE –Advanced TechnologiesCarrier Aggregation

• In CA multiple component carriers (bandwidths defined in LTE R8/9) are combined on the physical layer to achieve the

target bandwidth. The aggregated bandwidth is used by LTE-A terminals to achieve the target data rate while LTE terminals

recognize each component carrier as a single LTE carrier in this way its backward compatible with LTE

• There are 3 types of carrier aggregation .

Intra-band contiguous

Intra-band non contiguous

Inter-band

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LTE –Advanced Technologies

Relay Nodes:

• Relay nodes are low powered base station that proved enhanced coverage and capacity at the cell edge

• It can be used to connect remote areas without have fiber connection.

• When the RN is deployed inside a cell area of an eNB is known as DonereNB (DeNB).

• There are two radio links used by RN, Access Link is between RN and UE, and Backhaul link / Relay link is

between RN and eNB

• There are 2 types of 3GPP standardized Relay nodes

Type 1 : Transmit its own CELL ID , transmit synchronization channel information , reference signal and physical control channel to the

UE’s in its region. Performs RRM based on the local information.

Type 2 : Do not transmit cell it , transparent to user , User data transmitted through RN , while control information transmitted by eNB

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LTE –Advanced Technologies

Heterogeneous Network

•It is also known as network of networks. It consist of Macro cell , Micro cell Pico cells and Femto cells

• In HetNets macro cell coverage area is densified by adding low power Nodes. Hence improving coverage and capacity of the network.

• Increase Network Capacity and Enhance User Experience.

• Range Expansion allow more users to benefit from small cells

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Beyond LTE-Advanced

• Beyond LTE-Advanced cellular network is also know as 5G.

• Some of the possible candidate technologies of 5G are

i. Machine Type Communication

ii. Ultra Dense Network

iii. Device to Device Communication

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Beyond LTE-Advanced

Machine Type Communication

• Current mobile networks are designed for Human to machine or human to human communication

Telephony

SMS

MMS

•MTC network may consist of little or no human interaction

•Large number of connected devices

•Small amount of data per session .

There are 3 scenarios of Machine type communication depending upon the location of MTC server

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Beyond LTE-Advanced

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Scenario 1

Scenario 2

Scenario 3

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Beyond LTE-Advanced

Ultra Dense Network

• Also known as Hyper densified HetNet.

• Improving the coverage and capacity of network can solve the problem of increased data traffic.

• It brings the network closer to user (basestation) thus improving the signal to interference and

noise ratio

• Neighboring Small Cell (NSC) is hyper densified HetNet, allowing hybrid/open access to all the

users .

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Beyond LTE-Advanced

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• NSCs can serve the users indoor as well as

outdoor even when placed indoor by the

using SON providing seamless

connectivity, coverage and mobility to the

users

• Deployment of inside out increase the

capacity up to 500x with 9 % deployment

while 1000x with 20% deployment while

using 10 times more spectrum.• Authorized shared access (ASA) and

Extension of LTE to unlicensed can help

reach the 1000x target throughput

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Beyond LTE-Advanced

Device to Device Communication

• D2D communication can be considered as simple form of Machine Type Communication as in

D2D there is a single hop communication while in MTC there are multiple devices involved in

communication

• D2D communication can help offloading the traffic from the network hence improving the

efficiency of the network and commutation between UE

• D2D is used as underlying technology for LTE –advanced , so even devices communicate

directly they are still controlled by eNB.

• D2D communication is classified in two types depending upon the spectrum they use for D2D

link

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Beyond LTE-Advanced

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Conclusion• LTE-Advanced meets the performance requirements set by ITU-R for IMT-Advanced and altogether it

is an evolution of LTE and not a new system in itself

• LTE –Advanced Terminals are backward compaitable with LTE network

• New Technology such Carrier Aggregation technology, for both contiguous and non-contiguous

spectrum, would support bandwidth up to 100MHz and also enable a more flexible , spectrum

utilization,

• MIMO( Multiple input Multiple output) technique can improve the spectral efficiency in UL and

Downlink

• COMP is a evolution to ICIC which can improve the LTE-A system efficiency .

• Cell edge performance and coverage can be improved by deployment of relay nodes.

• MTC and D2D are good step for the future as they can reduce the system traffic load on network

hence improving the performance of network

• Ultra Dense Networks will improve the coverage , capacity and throughput of the network as w ell as

addition of unlicensed spectrum to the current LTE will open new boundaries of communication

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References

1) Harri Holma, Antti Toskala “LTE for UMTS: Evolution to LTE-Advanced” John Wiley and Sons Ltd , 2nd Edition 2011

2) [NTT Docomo “NTT TESTS LTE ADVANCED “ available at http://www.dailywireless.org/2011/02/07/ntt-tests-lte-advanced/

3) Ian F. Akyildiz, David M. Gutierrez-Estevez, Elias Chavarria Reyes : “ The evolution to 4G cellular systems” : LTE-Advanced , Physical communications volume 3 issue 4 , page 217-244, December 2010

4) 3GPP R1-084424, “Control Channel Design Issues for Carrier Aggregation in LTE-A” Motorola, Nov. 2008

5) Rohde & Schwarz “Introduction to LTE Advanced Technology” Available at http://cdn.rohde-schwarz.com/dl_downloads/dl_application/application_notes/1ma169/1MA169_3e_LTE-Advanced_technology.pdf

6) D.M.Gutierrez-Estevez, E.C. Reyes I. F. Akyildiz, "The Evolution to 4G Cellular Systems: LTE Advanced," Physical Communication, vol. 3, no. 4, pp. 217 - 244, 2010

7) M.Ding and H.Luo “Multi-Point cooperative Communication : Theory and applications, Signals and systems technology”  Shanghai Jiao Tong University Press 2013

8) Juniper network “Machine to Machine –The rise of machines” white paper 2011

9) Cisco Networks, “Cisco Visual Networking Index: Global Mobile Data Traffic Forecast Update 2011-2016,” June 2012. Available at : http://www.cisco.com/en/US/netsol/ns827/networking_solutions_sub_solution.html

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Questions?

Thank You

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