LTE Course CCTv2

7/23/2019 LTE Course CCTv2

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CCT RED 4G



Agenda

2

Introducción1

Fundamentos de Red 4G

3 Arquitectura general de red 4G

4 Aplicaciones LTE en el Perú



1. Introducción



Introducción



Evolucion de Red



•La evolución tecnológica como ruta es compleja de predec

exactitud.

• Y esto se debe a diversos factores que lo condicionan co

› Comportamiento del consumo del usuario final,

› Necesidad de generar más ingresos en el operador, etc.

Diversos factores definen la ruta detecnología a seguir



Diversos factores definen la ruta detecnología a seguir

Existen diversos tipos de Operadores (o Carriers) sin embargo podemos catalogar 2 gra

los Operadores que brindan servicios:Móviles (redes celulares o móviles con servicio de voz y/o datos)Fijos (redes de telefonía fija, pública, servicios de banda ancha fijos, etc.)

También los hay híbridos, los cuales brindan ambos servicios.



Africa

~2018

América Central y Sur

~2014

Norte America

2010/2011

Europa Occ.

2010/2011

Europa Or.

~2014

Asia Sur 2014

Primero en Europa, Japón y US para el 2010/2011

El mercado masivo de LTE se espera para el 2014

La introducción de los servicios LTE será de manera progresiva y dependerá de la realidad del paísfrecuencia, etc.)

Pronóstico de implementación



3GPP Releases

GPRS

171.2Kbit/s

Phase 2 Release 97

GSM

9.6Kbit/s

Phase 1EDGE

473.6 Kbit/s

Release 99

HSDPA

14.4 Mbit/s

Release 5

UMTS

2 Mbit/s

Release 99

Release 6

HSUPA

5.76 Mbit/s LTE

100 Mbit/s

Release 8

Release 7/8

HSDPA+

28.8 Mbit/s

42Mbit/s



Standardization of LTE in 3GPP

R10

LTE-AR99 R4 R5 R6 R7 R8 (LTE/SAE) R9

1999 20102005 2009200820072006

05Q1, LTE project

(Rel. 8) started

09Q1, Rel. 8

specification frozen

10Q1, Rel. 9

specification frozen

11Q1, 1st LTE-Advance

Specification Released

Oct. 2010, LTE-A is accepted as 4G (IMT-

Advanced) technology by ITU-R

Q2, 2009

Q2, 2010

Q4, 2010

Q3, 2011

Q1, 2012

Q1, 2013

http://www.3gpp.org/



Frequency Band LTELTE Band Uplink D

Number (MHz)

1 1920 - 1980 21

2 1850 - 1910 19

3 1710 - 1785 18

4 1710 - 1755 21

5 824 - 849 8

6 830 - 840 87 2500 - 2570 26

8 880 - 915 9

9 1749.9 - 1784.9 184

10 1710 - 1770 21

11 1427.9 - 1452.9 147

12 698 - 716 7

13 777 - 787 7

14 788 - 798 7

15 1900 - 1920 26

16 2010 - 2025 25

17 704 - 716 7

18 815 - 830 8

19 830 - 845 8

20 832 - 862 7

21 1447.9 - 1462.9 149

22 3410 - 3500 35

23 2000 - 2020 21

24 1625.5 - 1660.5 15

25 1850 - 1915 19

LTE Band Allocation

(MHz)

Width of

Band

(MHz)

Duplex

ModeNumber

33 1900 - 1920 20 TDD

34 2010 - 2025 15 TDD

35 1850 - 1910 60 TDD

36 1930 - 1990 60 TDD

37 1910 - 1930 20 TDD

38 2570 - 2620 50 TDD

39 1880 - 1920 40 TDD

40 2300 - 2400 100 TDD

41 2496 - 2690 194 TDD

42 3400 - 3600 200 TDD

43 3600 - 3800 200 TDD

From LTE Protocol:

•Duplex mode FDD and TDD

•Support frequency band from 700MHz to 3.6GHz

•Support various bandwidth: 1.4MHZ , 3MHZ , 5MHZ ,

10MHZ , 15MHZ , 20MHZ

•450M was included july 2013

Protocol is being

updated, frequency

information can be

changed



Spectrum Allocation in Worldwide

2300/2600 TDD (China)

850/900/1800

2100/DD800/900/1800

2600/DD800/900/1800

700/AWS USA

2600(H

2.6G/ AWS/ 700M

700/850/1900/2100

850/1900/1800

900/1800/2100

ME 1.8GHz/2.5GHz

2.6GHz Norway

2.6GHz Sweden

1.8GHz/2.6GHz Finland

EU 2.6GHz to be auctioned

SpectrumAvailable

Future refarming



LTE Deployment status

@GSA

LTE Devices FDD



LTE Devices 1240 ready

LTE / 3G fallback support

• 870 LTE devices also operate on either HSPA, HSPA+ or

DC-HSPA+ networks

• 426 LTE devices support DC-HSPA+

• 311 LTE devices also support EV-DO

• 62 LTE devices also support TD-SCDMA

448412

314 305 289 277

050

100150200250300350400450500

N u m b e r o f d e v i c e s

Frecuency Band

LTE Devices FDD

197184

71

0

50

100

150200

250

2600 MHzband 38

2300 MHzBand 40

1900 MHband 39

N u m b e r o f d e v i c e s

Frecuency B

LTE devices TD

@GSA, Nov 8 2013



Voice Solutions in the LTE Era

It is a transitional solution.

It is a supplement to

single radio voice call

continuity (SRVCC).

It provides voice services

for long term evolution

(LTE) roaming subscribers

before IMS roaming

standards matures.

It is prov

com

It is

carr

Mobile phones used thesimultaneous voice and

LTE solution to support

2G/3G voice services

and LTE data services.

It is not a real VoLTE

solution, but only a

transitional solution.

It is

main

solu

voic

It ha

acce

main

carr

Circuit

switchedfallback(CSFB)

IMS-SRVCC

“Dual-standby”

Over theTop (OTT)

VoLTE

RCSe



Mainstream Carriers Choosing the VoLTE Solution

Source: LTE World Summit 2012 Source: Heavy Reading, Janu ary

IMS-based

VoIP (VoLTE)

62%

Unmanaged

OTT VoIP

(for

example,

Skype) 11%

Managed

OTT VoIP

12%

CSFB 13%Other 2%

VoLTE loyalty of mainstream carriersService VoLT

Standards International roaming ●

Interworking ●

QoS and regulatory services ●

Rich media Rich communication suite (RCS) ●

Supports LTE data and voice services ●

Extension of the IP service innovation ●

Voice

evolution

High definition (HD) and Web/APP

integration

●

KPIs (reliability, charging, security, and

so on.)

●

2G/3G integration/fallback ●



Rapid Development of LTE Accelerating VoLTE Pro

The VoLTE is under construction. Huawei participated in over 15 million lines of projects, including the VDF, DT, FT,

KDDI Japan

PCCW Hongkong,Chin

SmarTone Hongkong,Chi

…

Middle East and Gulf

STC audi Arabia

Mobily Saudi Arabia

Etisalat UAE

…

Africa

Bell Canada

TelUS Canada…

VF Group and 7 Opcos

FT Group, France,UK

DT Group, Germany

Telefonica Group, Germany

Teliasonera 6 countries

TAG CEE eight countries

TDC Nordic 4 countries

Scartel(YOTA) Russia

MTS Russia

…

North America

Europe CIS Asia/Pacific

There are 347 types of LTE terminals, among

smartphones. These LTE terminals use the CS

for voice services.s No VoLTE/SRVCC termina



Why Do Carriers Choose VoLTE?

• HD voice

• HD video session

• Quicker call connection

• Rich communication suite services

(IM/Presence/Enhanced Address Book)

• LTE features , such as high bandwidth, low delay, all

IP-based, and always online, facilitates the

development of the OTT application.

• IMS-based multimedia voice services and RCS are

carriers' core competitiveness.

• Advantages over the OTT:

• Telecommunication user ID/authentication

• Interconnection and interworking

• QoS guarantee

• Handover with 2G/3G networks and roaming

• Fee Package bound

• Fault rectification and customer care

Voice revenue still accoun

carriers' revenue in the fut

The time for setting up a VoLTE call is half of that forsetting up a 3G oneThe spectrum usage of the LTE is four times as muchas that of the CS.

1 Competing with OTT (practical driving force) 3 Network evolution: vmain

2 Improving user experience with LTE (permanentdriving force)

Survey results of VoLTE(2011-04, IMS Summit, 15

Higher call connectionspeed

Better quality in voice andvideo communication

Integrated with the RCS to providemore services

Advantages of telecommunicationinterconnection

Vore

Non-voicerevenue

41%, $ 444 bn

Sou

Driving Force Proportion

1 Competing with OTT 33.33%

2 Improving user experience 30.19%

3 Network unification and evolution 26.42%

4 Others 10.06%

Th V LTE A d h W ld h h E h U i d S



The VoLTE Around the World other than Europe, the United SJapan

Project Progress

South PacificMajor carriers such as PCCW (Hong Kong) and KDDI (Japan) have started deploying the V

of Maxis (Malaysia) has moved to the decisive phase. The construction in Singapore is a li

to be in 2014.

RussiaThe MTS (acquired MGTS) has launched the SRVCC tender at the end of August 2012; M

Yota) tends to make full use of the live CS networks to deploy the CSFB; VIP and Rostelecbackground) do not require the SRVCC currently.

Middle AsiaThe LTE has not been deployed and requirement for the SRVCC has not been presented c

(Georgia) would like to start with the CSFB and will deploy the SRVCC later. VIP (Kazakhs

deploying the LTE.

Middle EastCarriers in Middle East tend to deploy the CSFB before the SRVCC. Major carriers such as

started planning and preparing the SRVCC.

North Africa andWest Africa

Most carriers in this region are deploying the VOBB. The SRVCC is not required currently.

Southeast

Africa

Several more developed countries are involved in LTE projects. Projects that bound with thquite slowly (requirements are not many because many countries have just started with 3G

CSFB is more acceptable than the LTE. For example, South Africa Telkom is deploying the

Th V LTE A d th W ld th th E th U it d S



The VoLTE Around the World other than Europe, the United SJapan

Northern

Latin America

Mexico does not plann to deploy the LTE currently; Telcel is testing the CSFB; Comcel (Colombi

CSFB. UNE has put the LTE to commercial use. UNE has not decided on the following up LTE v

may want to have the CSFB deployed first. Frontline engineers are communicating with UNE. C

Northern Latin America hold a conservative attitude towards the SRVCC. Generally, they deploydeploying the SRVCC, because no the SRVCC terminal is available until quarter 1 of 2013. ICE

to deploy the CSFB at the end of 2012. Requirement for the LTE by Telefonica subnet (Northern unknown. The 4G license in Venezuela is frozen due to the election.

Southern

South

America

To support the Olympic Games, Brazil issued six 4G licenses in July 2012. Carriers in Brazil plan

VoLTE. However, they all choose to deploy the CSFB before SRVCC. Carriers such as AM and T

are testing the CSFB. Telefonica (Chile) was testing IMS VOBB and may deploy the SRVCC in 2

Southeast

Asia

PCCW and Hutchison have deployed the LTE, and Hutchison is delivering the SRVCC. They ar

the SRVCC. Thailand will issue 3G licenses at the end of 2012. Though Thailand is bidding for 3

willing to deploy 4G networks, for example, it hopes to carry out tests in advance. In addition, the

not have the LTE currently, but the carriers are learning about it.

Region Current Progress



Suggestions on VoLTE Deployment

• How to deploy the VoLTE?

Step 1: Overlay one IMS

core network with the live

network.

Step 2: Select an

interconnection solution

based on the actual live

network.

EPC

LTE 2G/3G

HLR

CS

CTAS/MMtel RCS AS

HSS

SBC/P-CSCF

IMS Core

1. Overlay IMS networks

Upgrade the MSCto an ICS(mAGCF)

Do not upgrade tlive network MSC

1: ICS-MSC

3: ICS-MSC+overla

2: Overlay eMSC

Upgrade the Mthe mAGCF an

2. Solutions fobetween t

Solution Deployment policy

1 ICS-MSC Deploy the ICS architecturedirectly. It is a mainstreamsolution and the targetnetworking of the VoLTE.

2 Overlay one

eMSC

It is a mainstream solutionthat is implemented in theearly period as atransitional solution.



What Benefits Can VoLTE Bring to Carriers?

VoLTE

Smooth service evolutio

Network architecturesimplification

Easy deployment

• It inherited the basic s

and mobile networks service to ensure the

continuity.• E2E QoS improves s

• Integrated with RCS t

experience.

• The complexity of the IMS

network is reduced by the

high integration of network

elements,

such as the CTAS, SBC,

Unified SDB, and eMSC

• The mature ATCA platform

reduces the TCO.

• The converged FMC

architecture protects the

existing investments and

reduces future expenses.

• The deployment flexibility reduces impact on

the live network.

• E2E SI facilitates rapid delivery.

• It supports rapid TAS customized developmefor strategic partners.

• Unified operation and maintenance reduces

operating expense (OPEX).



2. Fundamentos de Red 4G

23



Key LTE Technologies

Sub-carriers

Sub-frame

Frequency

Time

Time frequencyresource for User 1



System Bandwidth

Single Carrier Sub-frame

Frequency

Time




System Bandwidth

DL OFDMA

UL SC-FDMA

Supporting

High Performance

Scalable BWFlatArchitecture

MIMO

Channel

Data

Streaming

H.O.MMIMO

eNB

MME / S-GW MME / S-GW

eNB

eNB

S 1

S 1

S 1

S 1

X2

X 2X

2

E-UTRAN



Multiple Access Techniques

LTEDL:

UL:

O

Ea

diw

an



Multiple Access Technology



HISILICON SEMICONDUCTORHUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Page 27

Multiple Access Technology

Ph i l L P t



Physical Layer ParametersParameters Values

Bandwidth (MHz) 1.4 3 5 10 15 20

Subcarrier 15 KHz

FFT Size 128 256 512 1024 1536 2048Usable Sub-Carriers 72 180 300 600 900 1200

Resource Blocks 6 15 25 50 75 100

OFDM Symbols /slot 7 , 6 & 3

Cyclic Prefix 5.21 us with short CP & 16.67 us with extended CP

Modulation Schemes BPSK, QPSK (Signaling)

QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM (Data)

H M (Hi h O d M d l ti )



HoM (High Order Modulation)

AMC (Adaptive Modulation &

64 QAM

2 bit per symbol 4 bit per sym

Usually 64QAM is activated in area near antenna



3. Arquitectura de Red 4G

30



HISILICON SEMICONDUCTORHUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Page 31 Page 31

SAE Network Architecture3.1

Interfaces and Protocols3.2

Roaming Architecture3.3

Interworking with GERAN/UTRAN3.4

Network Architecture3

Network Architecture LTE SAE (System Archit



( yEvolution

SAE

EUT

BTS: Base station Transceiver

BSC: Base station controller

Node B: node B

RNC: Radio network controller

SGSN: Supporting GPRS serving node

HLR: Home location register

SAE: System Architecture Evolution

EUTRAN: evolved UTRAN

UTRAN: Universal terrestrial radio

access network

eNodeB: evolved node B

MME: mobility management entity

PDN GW: PDN Gateway

SGW: Serving gateway

HSS: Home subscriber server

PCRF: Policy control and charging

rules function

Network Architecture LTE architecture becomes much m



Network ArchitectureComparison

eNB

MME / S-GW MME

eNB

S 1

S 1

S 1

X2

X 2X

2

LTE: Flat Architectur

MSC/SGSN/GGSN

RNC RNC

NodeB NodeB NodeB NodeB

3G: Legacy Architecture

IubIub

• lower networking cost

• higher networking flexibility

• shorter time delay of user data

VoLTE solution overview




SBC

(P-CSCF/A-BCF/A-BGF/ATCF/ATGW)

PCRFS/P-GWMME

MRFP

MGCF

EMSC(SRVCC-IWF/mAGCF/CSFB Proxy)

I/S-CSCF/MRFC/E-

CSCF

CS

EPC

Converged DataBase IMS Core

Presence/IM/DS/XDMS CTAS(MMTel AS/SCC AS/IP-SM-GW/Anchor AS/IM-SSF) SCP

Legacy

Service

Application Server

EMS

CCF

Provisioning

GW

O&M

MGW

HLR/IMS-HSS/SAE-HSS

/ENUM /DNSIM-MGW

TerminalLTE CPELTE Handset LTE data-card + soft client

LTE2G/3G 2G/3G LTE

DMS

Legacy

network

2G/3G to LTE/SAE Architecture



Page 35

2G/3G to LTE/SAE Architecture

LTE Network SAE/EPC NetworkTerminals

MME

SGW

PGW

PCRF

• Flat and all-IP Network Architecture

• Reduced Complexity

• Seamless Mobility

• Separation of Control Plane (MME) and User Plane (SGW) with open interface S11

LTE/SAE Architecture - 2



Page 37

/

S1-MME

S1-U

S11

E-UTRAN

MME

S-GW

S5/S8

SGSN

HSS/HLR

S6a

S4

S3S12

PDN-GW

SGi

Gx

Terminal

(LTE/UMTS/GSM

GERAN

UTRAN PCRF

•Radio resources allocation

•Scheduling,

•Admission Control

•UL filtering,

•interference control (ICIC)

•Handover•

•NAS signaling with UE

(+security)

•Tracking Area list

management

•PGW and SGW selection

•Authentication

•Bearer control

•Handover coordination withSGW, other MME or SGSNs

(IRAT)

• Lawful Interception of

signalling traffic.

• End-users profile (MSISDN,

APNs…)

•Application (incl. signaling)

•UL filtering of traffic flow to

bearer

•APN-AMBR policing

•Mobility support

•Idle mode reselection

•Mobility anchor

for inter-eNB

handover

•Lawful

Interception

•Packet Routeing

and forwarding

•IP address allocatio

•EPS bearer control

•DPI

•Lawful Interception

•Negotiates QoS requireme

•Authorizes QoS request ag

subscription data

•Receives network events

•Decides policy rules to be a

parameters QCI, MBR, GBR,



Page 38




Interworking with GERAN/UTRAN3.4


LTE-Uu InterfaceUser Plane



Page 39

LTE-Uu Interface

•Transfer of upper layer PDUs

•Error correction through ARQ (CRC check provided by

the physical layer)

•Segmentation

•Concatenation of SDUs for the same radio bearer

•In-sequence delivery of upper layer PDUs except at HO.

•Duplicate Detection

•Protocol error detection and recovery

•SDU discard

• Reset

•Header compression and decom

•Ciphering and deciphering for us

•Integrity protection and verificati•Handover support functions.

•Discard for user plane data due

The AS protocols on E-UTRAN-Uu (RRC, PDCP, RLC, MAC and the physical LTE layer) implements the Radio Resource Manag

NAS protocols by transporting the NAS messages across the E-UTRAN-Uu interface.

Interface S1 It carries signaling mess



Page 40

Interface S1

E-UTRUAN

S1-U

S1-MME

SGW

MME

It carries signaling mess

between eNodeB and M

It carries user traffic betwee

eNodeB and SGW

S1 interface connects the EUTRAN to the EPC. S1 is split into control plane, called S1-MME, and a

S1-U.

S1-MME Interface

O l i l S1AP

User Plane



Page 41

S1 MME Interface

SCTP

L2

L1

IP

S1-MME eNodeB M

S1-AP

MAC

L1

RLC

PDCP

UE

RRC

MAC

L1

RLC

PDCP RRC

LTE-Uu

NASRelay

•Set up, modification and release of E-RABS.

•Establishment of an initial S1 UE context

•Paging and S1 management functions.

•NAS signaling transport functions between UE and MME.•Status transfer functionality

•Trace of active UE’s, and location reporting.

•Mobility functions for UE to enable inter and intra RAT

HO.

Provides reliable transport.•

it’s rate adaptative and message-oriented.• Multi-streaming function

• Multi homing

•One logical S1AP

connection per UE

•Multiple UEs supp

single SCTP asso

S1MME is responsible for EPS bearer setup and release procedures, handover signaling, paging, NAS

and UE context management.

S10 and S11 InterfacesUser Plane



Page 42

S10 and S11 Interfaces

The main function is to transfer the contexts

for individual terminals attached to EPC and

thus sent on a per UE basis.

Keeps the control and user plane procedures in sync for

a terminal durng the period that the terminal is seen

active/attached in the EPS.

Interfaces S5/S8 (Control Plane)

User Plane



Page 43

Interfaces S5/S8 (Control Plane)

S5 or S8

Serving GW PD

IPv

PM

IPv4/IPv6

L2

L1

PMIPv6

There are two protocol options to be used in S5/S8 interface: GTP or PMI

•Provides the functionality associated with

creation/deletion/modification/change of bearers for

individual user connected to EPS.

S5/S8 over GTP

•Provides tunneling management betw

Gateway and PDN Gateway.

S5/S8 over PMIPv6

S6a and Gx InterfacesUser Plane



Page 44

S6a and Gx Interfaces

SCTP/TCP

L2

L1

IP

L2

L1

IP

S6a MME HSS

Diameter Diameter

SCTP/TCP

•Exchange location information

• Authorize a user to access the EPS

•Exchange authentication information

•Download and handle changes in the subscriber data stored in the server

•Upload the PGW identity and APN being used for a specific PDN connection.

•Download the PGW identity and APN pairs being stored in HSS for already ongoing PDN

connection.

Interface Functionality:

• Gx enables the

transfer/modification/rem

from the PCRF to PCE

PGW.


Interface S13User Plane



Page 45

Interface S13

The S13 and S13 interfaces between the MME and the EIR and between the SGSN and the EIR respectively are

status of the UE (e.g. if it has been reported stolen). The MME or SGSN checks the ME Identity by sending the Equ

an EIR and analyzing the response.


Interfaces S1-U,SGi and S5/S8 (User Plane)

User Plane



Page 46

Interfaces S1 U,SGi and S5/S8 (User Plane)

Serving GW PD

S5/S8

GTP-UGTP-U

UDP/IP UDP/IP

L2

Relay

L2

L1 L1

PDCP

RLC

MAC

L1

IP

Application

U

G

S1-ULTE-Uu

eNodeB

RLC UDP/IP

L2

PDCP GTP-U

Relay

MAC

L1 L1

UE

Note that both IPv4 and IPv6 are supported on the transport layer of IP

One or m

per user

• GTPU carry encapsulated payload and signalling messages

between nodes.

•Provides non-guaranted data delivery.

•S1-U is the user plane interface between EUTRAN and SGW, carrying user traffic in a GTP-U tunnel.

•SGi is the reference point between the PDN GW and the packet data network. PDN may be an operator externa

packet data network or an intra operator packet data network, e.g. for provision of IMS services. This reference p

for 3GPP accesses.



Page 47




Interworking with other networks3.4

3.5 SAE Key Feature on Handover


Home Routed



Page 48

S1-MME

S1-U

S11

E-UTRUAN

MME

S-GW

S8a

GERAN

UTRAN

SGSN HSS

S6aS4S3

S12

Iu

Gb

PDN-GW

SGi

PCRF

GxRx d

mes

VPLMN HPLMN

In this Scenario, the PCEF (PGW) is located in, and controlled by, home operator.

The PCEF connects to the H-PCRF via Gx and online charging can be performed via Gy toway as for non-roaming scenarios.

Local Breakout with Home Service



Page 49

S1-MME

S1-U

S11

E-UTRUAN

MME

S-GW

S5

GERAN

UTRAN

SGSN HSS

S4S3

S12

Iu

Gb

PDN-GW

SGi

H-PCRF

VPLMN HPLMN

S9

VisitedOperator’s P

RxOperator’s

IP Service

Gx

V-PCRFS6a

Control of allowed services and the authorization of resources are always handled by the H

H-PCR

after r

AF req

PCRF

Local Breakout with Visited Service



Page 50

S1-MME

S1-U

S11

E-UTRUAN

MME

S-GW

S5

GERAN

UTRAN

SGSN HSS

S4S3

S12

Iu

Gb

PDN-GW

SGi

H-PCRF m

after receiv

AF requirem

PCRF

S9

Visit

RxGx

V-PCRF

VPLMN HPLMN

S6a

Control of allowed services and the authorization of resources are always handled by the H

H-PCRF

S9 Interface



Page 51

• S9 transfer policy decisions from HPLMN to VPLMN and transport the events that may occur in the VPLMN to HPL

• Can be also used to transfer session information in specific roaming scenarios.

• in LBO, S9 also carries service session information from V-PCRF to H-PCRF.

Interface Functionality




HISILICON SEMICONDUCTORHUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Page 52

SBC

(P-CSCF/A-BCF/A-BGF/ATCF/ATGW)

PCRFS/P-GWMME

MRFP

MGCF

EMSC(SRVCC-IWF/mAGCF/CSFB Proxy)

I/S-CSCF/MRFC/E-

CSCF

CS

EPC

Converged DataBase IMS Core

Presence/IM/DS/XDMS CTAS(MMTel AS/SCC AS/IP-SM-GW/Anchor AS/IM-SSF) SCP

Legacy

Service

Application Server

EMS

CCF

Provisioning

GW

O&M

MGW

HLR/IMS-HSS/SAE-HSS

/ENUM /DNSIM-MGW

TerminalLTE CPELTE Handset LTE data-card + soft client

LTE2G/3G 2G/3G LTE

DMS

Legacynetwork

LTE Network Element Function



Page 53

interne

eNB

RB Control

Connection Mobility Cont.

eNB Measurement

Configuration & Provision

Dynamic Resource

Allocation (Scheduler)

PDCP

PHY

MME

S-GW

S1

MAC

Inter Cell RRM

Radio Admission Control

RLC

E-UTRAN EPC

RRC

Mobility

Anchoring

EPS Bearer Control

Idle State Mobility

Handling

NAS Security

P-GW

UE IP address

allocation

Packet Filtering

RRC: Radio Resourc

PDCP: Packet Data Co

RLC: Radio Link Con

MAC: Medium Acces

PHY: Physical layer

NAS: Non-Access St

LTE RADIO PROTOCOL



USER PLANE

Access Stratum Protocol

CONTROL P



4. Funcionalidades de los elementos en una Red

55

Key Functional Entities of IMS



Page

HSS

Cx/Dx(Diameter)

P/I/S-CSCF

Application

ISC (SIP)

Mr (SIP)

MRS

MG

Mg (SIP)

GSM/WCDMA

xDSL/LAN LTE

WiMAX/

WiFi

AC

BAS PGW

GGSN

MGWPDF

Gq(Diameter)

Core

CSCF (Call Session Control Function) The core element with the same position as softswitch and MSC

S-CSCF performs routing and triggers services

P-CSCF validates and forwards requests

I-CSCF interworks with other IMS networks

In a small network, S-CSCF, P-CSCF, and I-CSCF are commonly integrated into

one physical element.

HSS (Home Subscriber Server ) Stores all subscriber and service-related data

The same as the HLR in the existing mobile network

MRS (Media Resource Server )

Plays announcements and collects digits

PCRF (Policy Control Rule Function) Manages QoS policies

MGCF (Media Gateway Control Function) Provides conversion between SIP and SUP signaling

Interworks with the existing signaling network

MGW (Media Gateway) Provides the conversion between the IP bearer and

the TDM bearer

Interworks with the existing bearer network

S-CS

P-CS

I-CS

Key Network Entities: CSCF



Page

CSCF – Call Session Control Function

can be viewed as a SIP based Session Controller.

includes the three functions: S-CSCF, I-CSCF, P-CSCF.

S

- First access point for the UE- Forwarding of SIP messages- Generation of Charging CDRs- Integrity and Confidentiality

Protection Support- QoS Authorization Support- Local Service Support- Lawful Interception Support- SIP Header Compression

- Acts as SIP Register- Performs the IMS User Au- Loads IMS User Profiles fr- Performs Session Control- Performs Service (AS) Con- May behave as SIP-Proxy - Generation of Charging CD

- First contact point ofan operator‘s network.

- Assignment of S-CSCFs-- Forwarding of SIP messages- Generation of Charging CDRs- Topology Hiding Support

Proxy - CSCF

(P - CSCF)

IMS Application

Serving - CSCF

(S - CSCF) Interrogating - CSCF

(I - CSCF)

Cx

Mw Mi

Gm

ISC

Sh

Cx

Mw

Mw

IMS Terminal Gq

PDF

I - CSCF

HSS HSS

Key Network Entities: HSS



Page

IM CN subsystem

CxC ShGr GcD

MSC / VLRGMSC

CS Domain

SGSN GGSN

PS Domain

SIP ApplicationServer

CSCF

HSSMobility Management

User security info. generation

User security support

Service Provisioning support

Identification handling

Service authorization support

Access authorization

Call / Session establishment support

Si

IM-SSF

OSA-SCS

Application Services Support

gsmSCF

CAMEL Services Support

HSS – Home Subscriber Server

is the main centralized database for user related information.

stores the IMS User Profiles that includes e.g.:

› the User Identification, Addressing information (SIP URI, TE-URI, IMSI, MSISDN, ...)

› the Service Provisioning Information (Filter Criteria).

› the User Mobility Information (S-CSCF address).

› the Charging Server Information (CCF-, ECF address).

Key Network Entities: AS



Page

IMS Application Servers (AS)

provide SIP-based IMS services (e.g. Presence, PTT, Instant Messaging,

Supplementary Services, etc. ).

may act as SIP-UA, SIP-Proxy, SIP B2BUA.

are invoked by the S-CSCF via the SIP-based ISC interface.

Different AS types are defined:

SIP-AS (SIP-Application Server)

IM-SSF (IP Multimedia Service Switching Function)

OSA-SCS (OSA Service Capability Server)

SIP Signal

HSHS

Administrative Dom

of the IMS Opera

Execution Environment

Services

S-CSCF

ISC (SIP)ISC (SIP)ISC (SIP) Administrative

Domain of the

3rd Party

Service Provider

SEServices

OSA API

IM-SSFOSA SCS SIP-AS

OSA API

Services

CAP

CORBA

Transport

Services

Administrative Dom

of the IMS Opera

Execution Environment

Services

S-CSCF

ISC (SIP)ISC (SIP)ISC (SIP) Administrative

Domain of the

3rd Party

Service Provider

SEServices

SEServices

OSA API

IM-SSFIM-SSFOSA SCSOSA SCS SIP-ASSIP-AS

OSA API

Services

CAP

CORBA

Transport

Services

Key Network Entities: MGCF/MGW



Page

S-CSCF

Mg

MiMj

ISC

Sh

Cx BGCF

MGCF

Voice overTDM, ATM

Voice over IP

MGW

P

CS-

ISUP, BICCover IP/SS7

Mn

SIP Signaling

IMS Terminal

HSSHSS

MGCF:- performs the signaling conversion SIP ISUP/BICC.

- controls the MGW via H.248 (Mn reference point).- generates Charging CDRs for Interoperator Charging.

MGW:

- performs the IMS Bearer traffic conversion e.g. Voice/RTP/UDP/IP Voice/TDM.- may perform transcoding e.g. AMR G.711. May provide Tones/Announcements.

MGCF – Media Gateway Control Function

IM-MGW – IMS Media GatewaySIP b

Diam

Key Network Entities: BGCF



Page

BGCF – Breakout Gateway Control Function

is responsible for selecting the MGCF that controls

the IMS Interworking to the PSTN/CS-Domain.

the Local Breakout and the Remote Breakout are defined.

the BGCF generates Charging CDRs.

SIP ba

Diame

S-CSCF

Mg

MiMj

ISC

Sh

Cx BGCF

MGCF

BGCF

Mj

Mk

Remote Breakout

in another Operator NetworkLocal Breakout

in the local Operator Network

PSTN

CS-Dom

PSTN /

CS-Domain

ISUP, BICC

Voice over TDM, ATM Voice over TDM, ATM

Voice over IPMGW MGWVoice over IP

HSSHSS

LTE Course CCTv2

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