LS Hub S3 Humanities Summary Notes Sub-module …...LS Hub S3 Humanities Summary Notes Sub-module 1 - Renaissance Impact on Crusaders Crusaders went to the East and bring back some
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LS Hub
S3 Humanities Summary Notes
Sub-module 1 - Renaissance
1.1 What is Renaissance? (文藝復興)
● Literally means “Rebirth” (重生)
● Rebirth in Greco-roman Culture (Ancient Greek and Ancient Roman Culture)
● 14th-17th Century (A time period)
● It lead to a great impact to European Development
Renaissance is a time period of rebirth of Greco-roman culture in Europe during the
14th-17th century.
1.2 Humanism (人文主義)
● Humans were placed in the centre/middle of the universe
● Emphasized that human needs, values and talents were more important that religion
● Major belief and orginated during Renaissance
● People start to discuss and become more interested in human affairs and secular (世
俗) matters instead of religious/non-secular matters
● Inquiring minds started to be emphasized
● People began to value the use of reason, instead of blindly following rules of the
church
Humanism is a concept where humans were placed in the centre of the universe and their
idea and matters is more important than religious matters.
1.3 Causes of Renaissance
❖ The Black Death
➢ The church claimed if the citizens buy indulgence (贖罪券), they will not
suffer from black death but it is totally wrong because black death is a
biological disease instead of a religious disease.
❖ Decline of Church
➢ People disbelief the church because they cannot solve the problem of black
Aerial Screw - A type of flying object (By Leonardo Da Vinci)
Flying Machine - A type of original airplane (By Leonardo Da Vinci)
Armored Car - A kind of fast moving militarial car (By Leonardo Da Vinci)
1.6 Features and Impacts of Renaissance - Mathematics and Golden Ratio
The Discovery of the Golden Ratio
Name Value Significance
Phi 1:1.618 Define “Standard of Beauty” Everything in this ratio has the most comfortable and beautiful looking. This is beauty, it represents awesome.
Golden Spiral (Method according to Fibonacci Sequence: 1,1,2,3,5,8,13,21,34…..) It is the application of golden ratio
● Good-looking, looks comfortable, smooth, beautiful and eye-catching ● Through mathematics behind the golden spiral, the standard of beauty is defined
as the golden ratio of 1:1.618
Application of Golden Ratio to different variations
❖ Mathematics ➢ Golden Rectangle, Golden Triangle, Golden Spiral, Pentagram, Golden
Rhombi ➢ Golden Ratio - The most irrational number
❖ Biology
➢ Common patterns found in nature are in golden ratio ➢ Logic Behind: Things that we see in the nature are normal and look
comfortable because their nature are in golden ratio
❖ Art ➢ Achieve balance and beauty in western art ➢ Applied to modern graphic design, architectural design, photo framing,
music compositions…..
More about Mathematics in Renaissance:
● Similar Triangles (Proportionality)
● Symmetry and Transformation (Axis of Symmetry)
In golden ratio, looks confortable Not in golden ratio, looks ugly
1.7 Features and Impacts of Renaissance - Literature
The Decameron (By Boccaccio) - About 10 people escaping from black death
The Divine Comedy (By Dante) - Shows the disparity between the rich and the poro, showing the appearance of social class and social division
Influences of Literature in Renaissance - Spread of Knowledge
❖ Knowledges throughout Renaissance
➢ No longer controlled by the church
➢ Content not only limited to religion but also a huge variety like romance,
adventure, criticism to church
➢ Books are written in different languages to let more people know how to
read and learn
❖ Rise of Universities
➢ More people could study in universities
➢ People can discuss different topics and new concepts were created
Movable-type Printing Press Invented by Gutenberg (1452) Can print books -> Copy and copy much -> Faster rate in printing books -> Books became cheaper and affordable for the public Rise of Humanism -> More people can learn and think Importance of education