Lower Orders of Northwestern Europe Eddie Mina, Ashka Sheth, Nanditha Lakshmanan, Kristi Kwok.

Lower Orders of Northwestern Europe

Eddie Mina, Ashka Sheth, Nanditha Lakshmanan, Kristi Kwok

Family Life ● lived in full extended families (agrarian 2-4 gen)

● life expectancy was 30 years

● Love (17 years)o Social mobilityo Unwed Mother rejectiono “Follow your heart”

● Land= wealtho (Britain)

Nobility Gentry Yeoman

● Women worked as servants

● Men worked around the house o could leave home

Children● Children were essential & treated as adults (5-6)

o Education < farming & business ● Followed the role of their parents ● Arranged marriages at a young age ● Crime

o Increased crime in poorer classes o Tried as adults

● Careo Rich used wet nurses o the poor breastfeed

● premarital sex + illegitimate babies increased 20%o Infanticide (hospitals) -Edward

Agricultural Techniques/Practices● Growing populations+land

shortages=need to find new agricultural methods

● Landlords attempt to modernize agricultural practices→peasant revolts

● New Crops=turnip+clover (Netherlands), corn+potatoes (France)

● New Innovations=iron plows, crop rotation, and animal breeding

● Convertible Husbandry=English policy that prevents wasteful land fallowing every 2-3 years

Industrial Revolution

● Began in the late 18th century● Increased demand for production of goods and

services● "Hallmark of modern society"/"hallmark of a

nation's prosperity" ● Great Britian: Home of the Industrial Revolution,

largest free trade area in Europe● France: less workers, less resources, still more

profitable than other European countries ● The Netherlands: very prosperous, compared to GB

it was very late to receive some on the new technologies

Industrial Revolution cont.

● Textile production was a massive part of the Ind. Revolution

● Peasants in the countryside were the "basic units of production"

● The Lower class: more work for the lower class--they became the unskilled labor force

● Women in the Industrial Revolution

Primary Sources

● The Scullery Maid by Jean Baptiste Chardin in 1738

● This picture depicts a lower class or peasant woman cleaning in the kitchen.

Primary Sources● A pauper settlement at the St.

Clement Danes Parish in London 1776.

● Elizabeth Bridgen’s case with Christopher Plumely