Low Tunnel Film

PRESENTED BY:- ARGHYA PALPRESENTED BY:- ARGHYA PALCOMPANY GUIDE:- MR. DEBABRATA DE ,COMPANY GUIDE:- MR. DEBABRATA DE , MR. ATUL KUMAR DIWANMR. ATUL KUMAR DIWAN

COLLEGE GUIDE:- MR.AMIT KUNDUCOLLEGE GUIDE:- MR.AMIT KUNDU

Contents Introduction Objective Methodology

Primary ResearchSecondary Research

Potential and Supply Estimation Subsidies Conclusion Limitation Recommendation References

Introduction Agriculture Agriculture is the practice of cultivating About 70% of the total population of West Bengal

depends on farming for their livelihood. The era of Modern Agriculture

begins with the invention of Low tunnel

Mulch, Polyhouse, Greenhouse latest

irrigation techniques, such as

Drip Irrigation, Sprinkler Irrigation.

Major Crops in West Bengal

District Major CropsBurdwan Rice, potato,wheat,legumes

Bankura Rice,wheat,legumes

Birbhum rice, wheat, maize, legumes, sugarcane and mangoes

Cooch behar pulses, tea, rice, jute, tobacco, wheat, and potatoes.

Darjeeling tea

Hooghly rice, jute, sugarcane, and potatoes

Howrah rice, potatoes, coconut, and jute

Jalpaiguri tea

Malda mulberry and mango

Murshidabad rice, wheat, jute, legumes, oilseeds, and barley

North 24 parganas rice, jute, coconuts, potatoes, wheat

Plasticulture The term Plasticulture is used to describe the broad and

general use of plastics in agriculture. The use of Plasticulture in the form of plastic mulch, low

tunnels , polyhouses, greenhouses .

Mulch- Plastic mulch is commonly used to control weeds in the crop row, moderate soil temperature and conserve water in the plant root zone.

Plasticulture continues……

Low Tunnel- The low tunnel is a prototype of greenhouse that is used in cultivation of seedlings, low height vegetables.

Plasticulture continues……

Polyhouses- The polyhouses are structured with UV stabilized polyethylene film .

Plasticulture continues……

Greenhouses- A greenhouse is a structure with a glass or plastic roof and frequently glass or plastic walls.

Low Tunnel Film The low tunnel is a prototype of

greenhouse that is used in cultivation of seedlings, low height vegetables.

The plastic transparent film allows the gain of temperature during the day, making easier the growing of the plants, protecting the crops from the impact of the rain, hail storm, cold wind and low temperatures.

Use for: Growing seedlings of flowers & vegetables such as, cauliflower, brinjal, capsicum, cabbage, cucurbits, lettuce, raspberries, strawberries, tomatoes, etc.

Use of low tunnel :-

Maintaining required root temperatures for high quality plants

Protect crop from heavy rain and other climatic aggressions

Minimizing day/night temperature fluctuation

Stopping soil from drying out

Controlling insects and varmints

Protect crop against sun radiation with UV protection

Advantages of low tunnel :-

Earlier crops by 10 to 20 days

More uniform yields

Greater yields growth

Crop is protected from cold, wind, storm, rain, hail and frost.

Incidence of disease and pests is reduced or eliminated.

Crops can be grown throughout the year.

Objective

To estimate the potential of Low Tunnel Film and

To map current usage of Low Tunnel Film in West Bengal

Methodology

1. Briefing by the Project Guide

2. Drawing of the Project Plan

3. Approval of the Project Plan by the project guide

4. Secondary Research

- Study of Low Tunnel Film

5. Primary Data Collection

6. Analysis of Collected Data

7. Preparation of the presentation

Primary Data Collection - Amending the Questionnaire for individual interview

RESPONDENTS : 13 interaction with DHOs of WB

- North 24-Parganas, South 24-Parganas, Dakhshindinajpur, Purulia, Birbhum, Siliguri Mahakuma Parishad , Malda, Nadia, Purba Medinipur, Coochbehar, Uttardinajpur, Hoogly, Burdwan

Meeting with 3 Horticulturists (Nadia-Ranaghat, South 24 Parganas-KVK Nimpith, Kolkata- Mayukh Bhawan) and ADO (Howrah- Amta block)

Interaction with Field Consultant (Hooghly) and farmer (Nadia)

Interaction with –Manufacturer with no distribution outlet

Manufacturer with distribution outlet

Dealers of other districts

Pragya Polymer Essaar Sales Rangmahal (Howrah- Andul)

Shree Plastics Bharat Plastic Kamala Stores (Andul)

Kanak Polymers B.Plast Chatterjee Hardware (Andul)

Sanhit Polymer Seven Star Dasakarma (Bagnan)

Ecoplast Union Polythene Co. Malaxmi Bhandar (Bagnan)

Deepak Plastic Agarwal Plastic Loknath Hardware (Bagnan)

Mondal Brothers Polythene Paper House (South 24 parganas-Jaynagar)

Mondal Company

Mahadeb Plastic

Rama Plastic

A.A.Trading Company

Panja Plasto Company

Secondary Data Collectionwww.ist-world.org

www.krishisewa.com

www.agricultureinformation.com

www.napcomodern.com

www.sciencedirect.com

www.bikado.com

http://agsyst.wsu.edu/plasticulture.html

Crops Under Consideration

Assumptions : Usage of 50 micron film for the production of vegetables and

flowers. Considering the size of the land as 1 acre(4047 sq. meter) Number of seedlings from one bed is 500.

Vegetables Flowers Fruits

Cauliflower Rose Banana

Cabbage Glandulous Guava

Capsicum Chrysanthemum Mango

Tomato Marigold Papaya

Brinjal Sunflower Pineapple

Sapota

Film required for Cauliflower in 1 acre land

No. of seedlings for 1 bigha = 4500No. of seedlings for 1 bed = 500No. of beds = 9Now, considering a bed of dimension 3 sq. meterWidth=1m Length=3 mSo , the weight of Low Tunnel Film for 1 bed= r l * density of film * thickness= (3.14*0.5*3*925*50) / 10^6 = 0.22 kgTotal film required for 1 bigha = 0.22*9= 1.98 kg.Total film required for 1 acre= 1.98 kg*3= 5.94 kg. ShowShow

Films required for seedlings

Vegetables Total film (kg) for 1 acre

Total film(kg) for 1 ha.

Total cultivation area in 000’s ha (2009-10)

Total Demand of film (in kg)

Total Demand of film (in tonnes)

Cauliflower 5.94 14.85 69.2 1027620 1027.62

Cabbage 5.94 14.85 74.2 1101870 1101.87

Capsicum 3.96 9.9 52 514800 514.8

Tomato 3.3 8.25 53.5 441375 441.375

Brinjal 1.98 4.95 156.8 776160 776.16

Total Film 3861.825 tonnes

Films required for Flowers

Show

Total film (kg) for 1 acre

Total film(kg) for 1 ha.

Total cultivation area in 000’s ha (2008-09)

Total Demand of film (in kg)

Total Demand of film (in tonnes)

5.28 13.2 21.1 278520 278.52

Total Film 278.52tonnes

Films required for growing saplings of Fruits

Assumptions : Usage of 200 micron film for the fruit saplings. Its

density is 0.925 g/cc Considering the size of the land as 1 hectare Number of saplings from 1 ha is 400-450. Total area for cultivating sapling is 200-250 sq.meter

Films required for growing saplings of Fruits

Show

Fruits Total film (kg) for 1

ha.

Total cultivation

area in 000’s ha(2008-09)

Total Demand of film (in kg)

Total Demand of

film (in tonnes)

Banana 73.16 39.8 2911768 2911.768

Guava 73.16 12.5 914500 914.5

Mango 73.16 86 6291760 6291.76

Papaya 73.16 10.8 790128 790.128

Pineapple 73.16 9.6 702336 702.336

Sapota 73.16 3.8 278008 278.008

Total film required 11888.5 tonnes

Film required for growing vegetables

Assumption:

Considering 20% of land is cultivated

under low tunnel film

Considering the dimension of bed as

1.5m *100 m

Thickness = 50 micron

No. of beds per ha. = 66

Calculation of Demand of Low Tunnels Films for crop cultivation (2009-10)

No. of beds per ha. = 66

Weight of film required for one bed

= r l * density of film * thickness

=(3.14*0.75*100*925*50)/1000000

= 10.89188 kg.

= 718.8638 kg.

Demand of Low Tunnels Films for crop cultivation (2009-10)

Crops

Total area under cultivation in 000's ha.

Total area under cultivation in 000's ha.

Total film(kg) for 1

ha.

Total Demand of film (in kg)

Total Demand of film (in tonnes)

Cauliflower 69.2 13.84 718.9 9949576 9949.576

Cabbage 74.2 14.84 718.9 10668476 10668.476

Capsicum 52 10.4 718.9 7476560 7476.56

      Total   28094.612

Supply Side of Low Supply Side of Low Tunnel Films Tunnel Films

Manufacturer & Distributor of West Bengal Details

Manufacturer Production per year(in tonnes)

Supply of Low Tunnel Film per year(in tonnes)

Pragya Polymer 960 100

Shree Plastics 800 120

Kanak Polymers 500 30

Sanhit Polymer 720 120

Ecoplast 650 100

Deepak Plastic 240 50

Essaar Sales 450 60

Bharat Plastic 1500 180

Total quantity supply of Low Tunnel Film per year (in tonnes)

760

Other Manufacturer & Distributor

Manufacturers Name Total Quantity per year (in tonnes)

Union Polythene Company 70

B.Plast 75

Seven Star 25

Agarwal Plastic 15

Mondal Brothers 12

Mondal Company 59

Mahadeb Plastic 10

Rama Plastic 12

A.A.Trading Company 12

Panja Plasto Company 10

Total quantity supply per year (in tonnes)

300

Total 1060 tonnes per year

Demand Supply AnalysisPotential

Seedlings Vegetables – 3.8 KT Flowers – 0.28 KT Fruits – 11.8 KT

Crop cultivation Vegetables – 28 KT

Total : 43.88 KT

Considering 2 Yr. Life span

Total Potential : 22 KTA

SupplyManufacturer & Distributor-

1.06 KTA

Untapped Potential : 21

KTA

Outcome of Survey:-

For Low Tunnel Film:

Width of the film is 36”,42”, 54”.

Thickness is 25, 40, 50, 65 micron.

Type of this film is UV and Non UV Stabilized

Season : Rainy season (July to October), Winter (December

to January).

Used at: seedlings of vegetables - Tomato, Cauliflower,

Cabbage, Capsicum

flowers – Rose, Glandulous, Chrysanthemum, Marigold,

Sunflower.

Outcome continues….

Used in: growing seedlings at under low cost Polyhouse .

This film should be locally available to the farmers

Major Used in Districts

Nadia, North and South 24 Parganas, Purba Medinipur, Howrah, Jalpaiguri, Siliguri Mahakuma Parishad, Coochbehar

Low Tunnel Film is used in other districts in a small amount

Subsidies

Under National Horticulture Mission, for Low Tunnel 50% of cost subject to a maximum of Rs. 5000/- per 1000 sq. meter limited to 5 ha per beneficiary.

Conclusion The peak season of using this film is the Rainy season

(July to September) for protecting the crops from natural hazards and for South and North Bengal the Rainy and Winter (December-January) is the peak season.

For growing the seedlings of flowers ,it is used throughout the year.

Kolkata (Burrabazar) is the main market which caters to whole market of West Bengal (approx)

The Total Quantity of Low Tunnel Film used in West Bengal: 1060 tonnes per year

Conclusion continues……

The price of the Low Tunnel Film

UV Stabilized – Rs.140/- to 160/- per kg Non UV Stabilized- Rs. 70/- to 80/- per kg

The benefit gained by the farmers are disseminated to the other farmers- leads to faster acceptance of this film.

The campaign by HPL for plasticulture development catalyzes the usage of this film.

By establishing distribution network in the districts with proper quality and in price will help faster penetration .

Recommendation Requires more awareness campaign with the farmers

in block/ GP levels. The Availability of the local market should be

increased. More focus should be given for promotion of UV

stabilized film. By establishing distribution network in the districts

with proper quality and in price will help faster penetration.

Farmers to be educated on tunnel design and fabrication suitable for various crops.

Limitation Since this product is traded through unorganized

sector , it is very difficult to assess exact demand of this film.

Respondents sometimes furnished wrong information out of their casual approach.

The respondents were not ready to furnish the information required readily.

References District Horticulture Officers (DHO)

Horticulturists

ADO

Field Consultant

Thank You

Calculation of film required for Fruits

No. of saplings from 1 ha = 400 No. of saplings from 1 bed = 100No. of beds = 4Now, considering a bed of dimension 1.5m * 42 mWidth=1.5m Length=42 mSo , the weight of Low Tunnel Film for 1 bed= r l * density of film * thickness= (3.14*0.75*42*925*50) / 10^6 = 18.29 kgTotal film required for 1 ha = 18.29*4 = 73.16 kg.

Back

Film required for Cabbage in 1 acre land

No. of seedlings from 1 bigha = 4500

No. of seedlings from 1 bed = 500

No. of beds = 9

Now, considering a bed of dimension 3 sq. meter

Width=1m Length=3 m

So , the weight of Low Tunnel Film for 1 bed

= r l * density of film * thickness

= (3.14*0.5*3*925*50) / 10^6 = 0.22 kg

Total film required for 1 bigha = 0.22*9= 1.98 kg.

Total film required for 1 acre= 1.98 kg*3= 5.94 kg.

Film required for Capsicum in 1 acre land

No. of seedlings from 1 bigha = 3000

No. of seedlings from 1 bed = 500

No. of beds = 6

Now, considering a bed of dimension 3 sq. meter

Width=1m Length=3 m

So , the weight of Low Tunnel Film for 1 bed

= r l * density of film * thickness

= (3.14*0.5*3*925*50) / 10^6 = 0.22 kg

Total film required for 1 bigha = 0.22*6= 1.32 kg.

Total film required for 1 acre= 1.32*3= 3.96 kg.

Film required for Tomato in 1 acre land

No. of seedlings from 1 bigha = 2500

No. of seedlings from 1 bed = 500

No. of beds = 5

Now, considering a bed of dimension 3 sq. meter

Width=1m Length=3 m

So , the weight of Low Tunnel Film for 1 bed

= r l * density of film * thickness

= (3.14*0.5*3*925*50) / 10^6 = 0.22 kg.

Total film required for 1 bigha = 0.22*5= 1.1 kg.

Total film required for 1 acre= 1.1*3= 3.3 kg.

Film required for Brinjal in 1 acre land

No. of seedlings from 1 bigha = 1500No. of seedlings from 1 bed = 500No. of beds = 3Now, considering a bed of dimension 3 sq. meterWidth=1m Length=3 mSo , the weight of Low Tunnel Film for 1 bed= r l * density of film * thickness= (3.14*0.5*3*925*50) / 10^6 = 0.22 kgTotal film required for 1 bigha = 0.22*3= 0.66 kg.Total film required for 1 acre= 0.66 kg *3= 1.98 kg. BackBack

Film required for Flowers in 1 acre land

No. of seedlings for 1 bigha = 4000

No. of seedlings for 1 bed = 500

No. of beds = 8

Now, considering a bed of dimension 3 sq. meter

Width=1m Length=3 m

So , the weight of Low Tunnel Film for 1 bed

= r l * density of film * thickness

= (3.14*0.5*3*925*50) / 10^6 = 0.22 kg

Total film required for 1 bigha = 0.22*8= 1.76 kg.

Total film required for 1 acre= 1.76*3= 5.28 kg.

Back