Impact Factor Value 3.441 e-ISSN: 2456-3463 International Journal of Innovations in Engineering and Science, Vol. 2, No.11, 2017 www.ijies.net 20 Low-Permeability Concrete: Water-to-Cement Ratio Optimization for Designing Drinking Water Reservoirs Majid Dashtibadfarid 1 ;Mansour Afrasiabi 2 1 Project Management Department, Tavanab Engineering Consulting, Tehran, Iran [email protected] 2 Research and Development Department Tavanab Engineering Consulting, Tehran, Iran Abstract –One of the important debates for designing concrete reservoirs of drinking water is making a concrete with low permeability that has attracted the attention of researchers to determine materials and their ratio to achieve this goal. The ratio of water-to-cement due to its impact on strength, durability, and permeability of concrete is one of the key design discussions. In this study, by analyzing the experimental results provided by other researchers in terms of durability, strength, and permeability in concrete, the optimum water-to-cement ratio is presented to design concrete reservoirs of drinking water. The water-to- cement ratio due to its impact on strength, durability, and permeability of concrete is one of the key design discussions. The fundamental question is what should be the best water-to-cement ratio to design low permeability concrete reservoirs for drinking water. Keywords-Concrete Reservoirs for Drinking Water, Permeability, Water-to-Cement Ratio, Concrete Strength, Concrete Durability. INTRODUCTION For designing concrete reservoirs for drinking water, maintaining the proper strength of concrete should be concerned in addition to the durability and low permeability of concrete. In other words, concrete should be designed that has both low permeability and good strength. In the fields of strength and permeability, many experiments have been carried out by various researchers on concrete, and it has been determined that each depends on different parameters such as water-to-cement ratio, cement to aggregate ratio, grain size, surface texture, shape, strength, hardness of aggregate particles as well as the maximum aggregate size and permeability of aggregates. In this study, the water-to-cement ratio is considered as a factor that has the greatest impact on the strength and permeability of a fully compressed concrete. LITERATURE REVIEW A. Concrete Strength and Water-to-Cement Ratio When ordinary aggregates up to a maximum of 40 mm are used, it can be argued that factors such as the ratio of cement to fine-grained aggregates, surface texture, shape, strength, the hardness of aggregate particles and maximum aggregate size are less important than the water-to-cement ratio [16]. But according to Bloem and walker, the strength of concrete depends on the strength of the mortar, the adhesion of the mortar, and the strength of coarser aggregates. [2] Some Equations have been presented for the strength of concrete and its relation to the water-to-cement ratio, some of them are as follows: Duff Abroms (1919) stated that there is an inverse relationship between strength and the water-to-cement ratio: = 1 2 (1) In this Equation, w/c is the water-to-cement ratio, and k1 and k2 are empirical constant parameters. [9] Rene Feret (1896) also considered concrete strength to be related to water and cement ratio, and introduced Feret's Law as follows:
Low-Permeability Concrete: Water-to-Cement Ratio Optimization for Designing Drinking Water Reservoirs
Apr 29, 2023
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