Low-grade fuel to high-quality energy by gasification

Low Grade Fuel to High

Quality Energy by

Gasification

Ilkka Hannula & Esa Kurkela

Technical Research Centre of Finland VTT

GASIFICATION 800 - 1400 oC

G

A

S

C

L

E

A

N

I

N

G

COAL

OIL

BIOMASS

WASTE/SRF

O2

A

I

R

S

T

E

A

M

SYNGAS

(CO + H2)

FUEL GAS

Industrial kilns Co-firing in boilers Gas turbines Engines Fuel cells

FT-diesel fuel

Methanol, DME

Gasoline, jet-fuel

Hydrogen

Synthetic methane

Chemicals

High-Quality

Final

Products

Wide

Feedstock

basis

3 11/09/2013

Biomass and waste gasification for boilers and kilns

5 11/09/2013

Biomass gasification for synthetic fuels and chemicals

Planned Industrial BTL Demonstration projects

ForestBtL - Kemi, Finland (Vapo) Carbo-V gasification (Linde), FT/Axens

NER300 support 88 M€, 480 MW

FT-wax for diesel

FEED contract signed with Linde 01/2013

Woodspirit - NL BioMCN, Siemens, Linde, VS Hanab

200 000 ton/a methanol

Torrefied forest residues, entrained flow gasif.

NER300 support 199 M€

Stracel, France (UPM) Andritz gasification technology, FT-wax

NER300 support 170 M€, ~300 MW

(Rauma-Finland as reserve)

Inv.decision in 2014

GobiGas - Sweden (Gothenburg Energy) Phase 1/ 20 MW SNG under construction

Dual bed steam gasification from Metso

Phase 2/ 80-100 MW SNG

NER300 support 59 M€

Entrained-flow gasification Fluidised-bed gasification

• BioTFuel, France, Small Demo ~12 MW, FT-products.

Fossil and renewable feedstock, Prenflow gasification

by UHDE

• Black Liquour gasification (Chemrec)

• Bioliq-project by KIT (Pyrolysis & entrained flow

gasification) – small Pilot-demo

• Solena GreenSky London – Velocys FT 100 kt/a,

plasma gasification of waste (PreFEED by Fluor

• Foster Wheeler CFB gasification

• FIBFB – Gussing – small-scale testing site

• Värmlandsmetanol (HTW gasification)

• EoN, Sweden, 200 MW SNG project

• Joutseno SNG project

• VTT’s 2G2020 Project – Development of

advanced concepts for intermediate scale and

for CHP integrated applications – pilot-demo

Updated Techno-Economic Assessment

• Detailed evaluation of 20 individual plant designs

• MeOH, DME, FTL & MTG

• Based on technically proven process

• Estimated impact of further R&D to the overall economics

• Large scale: 300 MWth of biomass (~1300 mtpd, dry)

• Nth plant economics

• Available for download: http://bit.ly/192Vl3G

2G-Biofuels 2020 Project budget 7.3 M€ in 2012–14; second piloting phase in 2015–17

Gasification task

Pressurised O2-gasification

>150 MW bio Industrial integ.

Low-pressure steam gasification <150 MW bio Municipal integ.

Hot Filtration

& Catalytic

Reforming

Synthetic fuels and chemicals + heat

- MeOH, DME - FTL, MTG - MTO

SNG, H2 + heat

Industrial partners: Andritz-Carbona, Foster Wheeler, Metso, UPM-Kymmene, NSE Biofuels, Fortum. Main financier: Tekes

Gasification Hot gas

filtration Reforming of the

filtered product gas

T = 850 °C

T = 550 °C

T = 950 °C

Gasification Hot gas

filtration Reforming of the

filtered product gas

T = 850 °C T = 850 °C T = 850 °C

HOT GAS FILTRATION • Hot gas filtration R&D focused on filter

blinding phenomenon. • Experimental work with a bench-scale

pressurised hot gas filtration unit ALMA. • The main variables to be studied:

• Filtration temperature and pressure • Particulate and tar concentrations • Use of different sorbents and additives

-20

0

20

40

60

80

100

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

760 810 860 910

CH

4 c

on

vers

ion

, %

Co

nvers

ion

, %

T, ºC

Catalyst A

- Tar

Catalyst A – CH4

Catalyst B and C - Tar

Catalyst C – CH4

Catalyst B – CH4

Reforming of tars and light hydrocarbon gases VTT’s reformer is based on staged reforming without soot formation Different catalysts from alternative suppliers can be used Complete tar and C2-hydrocarbon conversion CH4 conversion depends on temperature, catalyst type and reactor volume

N.Kaisalo & P.Simell, Vetaani-project:

laboratory results 2012

GASIFICATION MeOH, FT, … GAS CLEAN-UP UPGRADING Woody biomass

Liquid fuel

Purge gas

Char/Ash

GASIFICATION SNG GAS CLEAN-UP UPGRADING Woody biomass

Methane

Char/Ash

”BTL-reformer” temp 950 °C

CH4 conv. 95 %

”SNG-reformer ” temp 950 °C --> 860 °C CH4 conv. 95 % --> 30%

Indirect gasif. at 800oC CH4 95% / Filt. 550oC

Indirect gasif. at 800oC CH4 95% / Filt. 800oC

Indirect gasif. at 800oC CH4 30% / Filt. 800oC

Summary

• New and successful CFB gasification projects for boiler applications

– Proven and cost-efficient way to reduce CO2 emissions from coal power plants and fossil fuel fired kilns

– High efficiency Waste-to-Energy via gasification

• Biomass to synfuels projects currently waiting for investment decisions

– Process based on pressurised oxygen gasification with catalytic reforming is now techically proven at a relevant scale

– Large scale needed to achieve feasible economics?

• Indirect steam gasification

– Potential to prove feasible at smaller scale

– Interesting options for SNG and H2 production with tailored reforming concepts