Low Energy Wireless Technology and Measurement Solution 低功率無線通訊技術與量測 Philip Chang Senior Project Manager 2015/01/08
Low Energy Wireless Technology and Measurement Solution 低功率無線通訊技術與量測
Philip Chang
Senior Project Manager
2015/01/08
Page Agenda
– Why the Low Energy Wireless Technology Required in
Wearable Device and IOT?
– Relative Low Energy Wireless Technology
• Bluetooth LE
• ZigBee
• Thread
• Wi-SUN
• NFC
– Measurement Solutions
2
Page
– In April 2013, Google announce Google Glass
Explorer Edition and it courage wearable
device development.
– In 2014 CES and MWC show, lot of 3C
company and chipset maker announce
relative product on smart wearable product.
Wearable Device Flash Point
Page
Wireless Technical Challenge in Wearing Device
• Multi-antenna
• Low-frequency
• Current Consumption
• AR Requirement
• Distance
• Multi-Charger
• Bluetooth LE
• ETPA
Energy or Power Saving
Power Charger
Spacing for
Antenna
High Data Rate
Page
IOT Smart City Project
Oceanographic
observation 2G+Loc.+weather
Disaster monitoring 3G+sensors
Wireless
2G/3G
AGW
AGW Smart objects with sensors
Smart objects with sensors
Smart objects with sensors
Warning for yellow dust, disaster, fire, flood, etc.
Monitoring and management center
Smart objects with
sensors
IOT National
IOT Public
IOT R/D
AGW
Healthcare WiBro+Medical devices
Smart metering WiFi + Gas, electricity
Broadcasting 3G+DMB+IPTV
Security 3G+Location+Vehicles
Facilities monitoring WiBro+Sensors
Remote control PLC + Street lights
Fixed net./DMB
FTTx,HFC,PLC
Smart Korea Strong Korea
Safe Korea Sustainable Korea
Wireless access networks
Broadband wireless WiBro
AGW
Meteorological
observation 2G+Loc.+weather
Ecosystem monitoring 2G+Location
Data from : Korea IOT Smart City Project
Page
Smart Home in IOT
Data from : Cadence
Page
What is the Short Range Wireless Technology Looking for in Wearable Device and IOT
Page
7
802.16
Burst data rate bits/s
Po
we
r c
on
su
mp
tio
n i
n d
up
lex
1k 10k 100k 1M 10M 100M 100
1W
0.1W
10mW
802.11a / HiperLAN2
10W
WAN
Proprietary
ISM
802.11b
DECT
LAN
UWB
PAN
RFID
3G
HSDPA/EVDO 3G GPRS
GSM
EDR Bluetooth
BT LE ZigBee Zwave
Battery Friendly Design
Thread
Page Agenda
– Why the Low Energy Wireless Technology Required in
Wearable Device and IOT?
– Relative Low Energy Wireless Technology
• Bluetooth LE
• ZigBee
• Thread
• Wi-SUN
• NFC
– Measurement Solutions
8
Page
Bluetooth Core Spec Roadmap
9
1999 2003 2004 2007 2009 2010
•Many problems
•Difficult making products
interoperable
•Faster Connection/Discovery
•Use AFH
•Up to 721kbps
•Introduction of EDR
•EDR Up to 2.1Mbps
•SSP, EIR
•power consumption
optimization
•Alternate MAC/PHY
•Unicast connectionless data
•Enhanced power control
•HS Up to 24Mbps
•Adoption of Bluetooth LE
•LE up to 260kbps
•Including classic, LE and HS
V1.0
V1.2
V2.0+EDR
V2.1+EDR
V3.0+HS
V4.0
AFH: Adaptive Frequency Hopping
EDR: Enhanced Data Rate
SSP: Secure Simple Pairing
EIR: Extended Inquiry Response
LE: Low Energy
IPSP: Internet Protocol Support Profile
®
2014
V4.2
•LE Data Packet Length
Extension for Speed Up
•LE Secure Connections
•IPSP access directly via
IPv6
Page
Faster
Fewer advertising channels
• Reduce the time to scan over advertising
channels
• 1.4ms totally for scanning and discovery ,
17 times faster than classic
• No need to maintain link
• Shorter duty cycle (10% of BR/EDR)
Simplicity
• Simplified protocol ensures 6ms to send
data (50 times faster than classic)
• all information about the connection is
contained in one single compact packet, no
need to negotiate again after the link
established
•Optimization on acknowledgement scheme
to reduce duty cycle
•Shortened packet overhead
Lower energy
All “fasters” contribute to saving power
• Faster connection/discovery
• No need to maintain link
• Shorter duty cycle (10% of BR/EDR)
Lower maximum power
• +10 dBm (+20 dBm at BR/EDR)
Lower cost
Simplicity
Lower peak power
•Ppeak ≤ (Pavg + 3 dB)
Dual mode: add-on feature for classic
Bluetooth
Why LE is Faster and Lower Energy? ®
Page
Single-mode (sensor)
devices in health and fitness
Body temperature
) ) )
Body liquid balance
) ) )
Heart ratemonitor
) ) )
Odometer
) ) )
Mobile phone
) ) )
Laptop/desktop
) ) )
Dual-mode host
device
Single-mode
host device
Watch
) ) )
Pedometer
) ) )
Web & tele
services
Weight management
Personal Health
Record
Elderly Monitoring
Blu
eto
oth
low
energ
y t
echnolo
gy
GS
M, G
PR
S,
Blu
eto
oth
, W
LA
N,
Wi-F
i
Weight scale Blood pressure
Glucose meter
Medication
dispenser
) ) ) ) ) ) )) ) ) ) ) ) )
) ) ) ) ) ) )
) ) ) ) ) ) )
Bluetooth Challenge Dual Mode ®
Page
IEEE 802.15.4 & ZigBee Alliance
Page
12
Conforms to IEEE 802.15.4 defining physical & MAC layer
PHY Layer
Application & Profiles
Application Framework
Network & Security
Medium Access Control MAC IEEE
802.15.4
Zigbee
Alliance
Defined
User Defined
Some
vendor
specific
– Zigbee can be used in the 868MHz,
915MHz and 2.4GHz ISM bands.
– Low Power consumption
– Low Cost
– High density of nodes per network
– Simple protocol, global implementation
Page
ZigBee Applications
Page
13
ZigBee
Wireless Control that
Simply Works
RESIDENTIAL/
LIGHT
COMMERCIAL
CONTROL
CONSUMER
ELECTRONICS
ZHA TV
VCR
DVD/CD
remote
ZLL,ZHA Security, HVAC
lighting control
access control
lawn & garden irrigation
PC &
PERIPHERALS
INDUSTRIAL
CONTROL
ZSE,ZGP,ZRC asset mgt
process control
environmental
energy mgt
PERSONAL
HEALTH CARE
BUILDING
AUTOMATION
ZLL,ZBA security
HVAC
AMR
lighting control
access control
ZID mouse
keyboard
joystick
ZHC patient
monitoring
Fitness
monitoring
Page
– 2014 Nov. ZigBee announce ZigBee 3.0 will release at begin of 2015!
– Combine ZigBee Pro Network layer 6 App profiles(ZLL,ZHA,ZBA,
ZRS,ZHC,ZSE) as one!
– PHY layer support 2.4GHz ISM band only
ZigBee 3.0?
14
Follow IEEE 802.15.4 Std.
ZigBee, MiWi, Thread, ISA
100.11a, WirelessHART Allow select:
Depend on
Network Layer
Chipset support 802.15.4 Structure
Thread announce release at
begin of 2015
Thread designed for IOT in
Home.
Page
– Thread technology was designed for IoT in the home.
– 2014 Dec Thread Group grown to more than 50 members since
membership opened up on Oct 1st.
– Thread is backed by industry-leading companies including Nest Labs
(Google Purchased), ARM, Big Ass Fans, Freescale, Samsung, Silicon
Labs and Yale Security
– Based on the power efficient IEEE 802.15.4
MAC/PHY
Thread
Page
– POWERFUL TECHNOLOGY DESIGNED FOR THE HOME: design
special for Home. Open standard & IPv6 6LoWPAN technology.
Based on a robust mesh network with no single point of failure.
– SIMPLE, SECURE, SCALABLE: scale 250+ device in signale
network.
– BATTERY FRIENDLY DESIGN: allow years of operation even on a
single AA battery.
Thread Features
Page
Thread vs. ZigBee
Thread Pro1
Thread
Pro2
Thread
Pro3
Page
Smart Energy Systems Overview
Sub-
station
Transmission Distribution
Data
Concentrator
Generation
18
Smart
Meter
Neighborhood
Area Network
Field-Area Network
Wi-SUN
Wi-SUN (Wireless Smart Utility Network)
Home
18
Page
Smart Energy: Key Communication Standards Name / Consortium Standard Media PHY Application
FAN* / NAN*
WiGrid (WiMAX) 802.16e RF OFDM FAN
Wi-SUN (now) 802.15.4g RF FSK NAN
Wi-SUN (later) 802.15.4g RF OFDM NAN
Netricity PLC IEEE 1901.2 NB-PLC OFDM NAN + FAN
G3-PLC IEEE 1901.2 NB-PLC OFDM NAN + FAN
PRIME IEEE 1901.2 NB-PLC OFDM NAN
HAN*
HomePlug
- GP (Green PHY)
- AV / AV2
IEEE1901
(BPL)
WB-
PLC OFDM
HAN (10 Mbps)
HAN + MM* (200+ Mbps)
G.hn ITU-T
G.9960
WB-
PLC OFDM HAN + MM (100+ Mbps)
Zigbee (now)
Zigbee SE (soon)
802.15.4
802.15.4g RF FSK
HAN (<1 Mbps)
HAN + NAN (<1 Mbps)
Today’s topic
*FAN: Field Area Network, NAN: Neighborhood Area Network, HAN: Home Area Network, MM: Multimedia 19
Page
Introduction to Wi-SUN
• Wi-SUN Alliance promotes interoperability based on IEEE 802.15.4g-2012 standard for Wireless Smart Utility Networks
• Responsible for defining conformance, interoperability, and certification testing
• Promoter companies:
Analog Devices Cisco Systems Fuji Electric
Murata NICT Omron
Osaki Renesas Silver Spring Networks
• >40 members including Agilent as Contributor
• 2 observer companies including TUV Rheinland, Wi-SUN approved test lab
20
Page
IEEE 802.15.4g Standards • 3 physical layer (PHY) standards supported:
• MR-FSK*: 2FSK and 4FSK modulation used
• MR-OFDM: 4 options with different FFT size and bandwidths
• MR-O-QPSK*: DSSS and multiplexed DSSS used
• Frequency bands depend on regulatory requirements, may include
bands around 169, 450-510, 780, 863-870, 896-960, 1427-1518, and
2400-2483 MHz
• Wi-SUN Alliance PHY conformance tests and profiles being developed
for MR-FSK PHY.
21
*MR: Multi-rate and multi-regional, O-QPSK: Offset QPSK
Data Rate (kpbs) Modulation Index (h) Channel Spacing (kHz) Region
50 1 200 Japan, US/BZ
100 1 400 Japan
200 1 600 Japan
100 0.5 200 US/BZ
150 0.5 400 US/BZ
200 0.5 400 US/BZ
300 0.5 600 Japan, US/BZ
Page
NFC Operating modes
NFC Device
NFC Card Emulation Mode
Mobile local Payment Public Transport Access Control Identification
NFC Reader/Writer Mode
Smart Object access
NFC Peer-to-Peer Mode
Peer File Sharing
Page
NFC Technologies
NFC-A(based on ISO / IEC 14443 A
MiFARE, proposed by NXP)
NFC-B(based on ISO / IEC 14443 B,
proposed by Infineon)
NFC-F(based on JIS X 6319-4 FeliCa,
proposed by Sony)
Page
Standard Certification Schemes
NFC Forum
- Require Device R/W, P2P and CE (optional)
- Require Device requirements and DTA
- Accredited certification labs performing
- Wave 1 Certification including Digital Protocol
- Wave 2 Certification * including RF Analog, SNEP, LLCP
ISO/IEC 14443
- 1 operating mode on Proximity Standards for cards (PICC) and readers (PCD)
- Test fixture required by ISO/IEC 10373-6 test methods
- Ask to generate up to 12A/m
Page
Feb 2013
Agilent Technologies
* Additional coils admitted to amplify reception of very small signals (Planned for 2013) * Source NFC Forum, EMVCo
Standard Certification Schemes
EMV contactless (EMVCo)
- Contactless testing (ISO/IEC 14443)
- L2 according to each payment scheme
NFC Forum and EMVCo may mutually recognize L1 certification > NFC Forum, EMV test up to 4 cm
Page Agenda
– Why the Low Energy Wireless Technology Required in
Wearable Device and IOT?
– Relative Low Energy Wireless Technology
• Bluetooth LE
• ZigBee
• Thread
• Wi-SUN
• NFC
– Measurement Solutions
26
Page
Cellular
• LTE-Advanced, LTE FDD/TDD
• HSPA+, W-CDMA
• 1xEV-DO, cdma2000
• GSM/EDGE/EDGE Evo
• TD-SCDMA
Wireless connectivity
• 802.11a/b/g/n/ac
• Bluetooth 1.0 to 4.0, Zigbee, Thread
• GNSS: GPS, Galileo, GLONASS, Beidou,
SBAS, QZSS
• Digital video, FM
MIMO (2x2, 3x3) & carrier aggregation
• Switched MIMO for manufacturing test
• True MIMO (multi-TRX) for design validation
• LTE-A CA Inter- and intra-band
E6640A EXM Broadest Multi-Format Coverage Easily test multi-format devices
27
Page
E6640A EXM Software Architecture - SCPI-compatible
28
Sequence Analyzer
PC Controller Host
Signal Studio ARB files
WLAN
App
GUI
SCPI (includes source control)
Sweep
Engine
Source
Control …
Bluetooth
App
GUI
Test Executive
DUT
DUT control driver
RF MXG+PXA
E6640A EXM
Page
E6640A EXM Bluetooth Measurements
29
Basic Rate
EDR
Low Energy
Page
Demodulation 2.4 GHz ZigBee/Thread
Page
30
Page
Wi-SUN Signal Generation Keysight New Signal Studio for IEEE 802.15.4g – N7610B
- Create signals compliant to 802.15.4g which can support
Wi-SUN PHY standards
- Full channel coding, flexible configuration of MAC headers
and data types for receiver PER tests
- Support multi-rate and multi-regional frequency and multi-
data rates defined in 802.15.4g specifications
- Support Wi-SUN MR-FSK and MR-OFDM formats
- Support the waveform generation on EXG/MXG, PSG, ESG
and PXIe VSG*
N7610B Configuration and Pricing:
- N7610B - QFP: Advanced MR-FSK
- N7610B - RFP: Advanced MR-OFDM
AFS date: Aug-1-2014
Web go-live: Aug-6-2014
New image with KeySight logo
* Note: only support waveform export/import for PXIe VSG at August 2014 release.
31
Page
2FSK Demod with N9064A VXA Application
32
Page
Wi-SUN MR-FSK (802.15.4g)
33
Digital Demod on 89600 VSA
Solutions:
VSA 89601B-AYA Digital Demod
VXA N/W9064A-2FP Flexible Demod
Modulation Format = 2FSK
IEEE 802.15.4g specific results are
added in 89600 VSA and VXA
- 2FSK symbol clock error (ppm)
- 2FSK zero cross error rms (%rms)
- 2FSK zero cross error peak (%pk)
MR-OFDM Demo
Page
RIDER T3111S NFC/EMV Conformance Tester
January 5, 2015
Confidentiality Label
34
NFC Forum
• Digital Protocol
• Analog RF
• LLCP
• SNEP
T1142A Automated Positioning Robot
• Enables device characterization at user-defined positions
• Fulfils NFC and EMV Contactless test specifications requirements
• Free guard area with no metallic parts
• 0.15mm positioning accuracy
ISO/IEC
• 14443 A/B
• 18092
• 15693
• 18000-3
EMV
• EMV L1 DP PICC/Mobile
• EMV L1 DP PCD
• EMV L1 RF PICC/Mobile
• EMV L1 RF PCD
RF and Protocol Test Suites
supported with T1141A Test Set
Page
THANK YOU!
AEO Taiwan
Agilent Technologies, Inc.
35 Mobile World Congress 2014