Low carbon development, poverty reduction and innovation system building Rob Byrne and David Ockwell Sussex Energy Group, STEPS Centre and Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research University of Sussex, Brighton [email protected]Learning, Innovation and Low Carbon Development Globelics seminar Aalborg University, Copenhagen 4-5 April 2013
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Low carbon development, poverty reduction and innovation system building Rob Byrne and David Ockwell Sussex Energy Group, STEPS Centre and Tyndall Centre.
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Low carbon development, poverty reduction and innovation system building
Rob Byrne and David OckwellSussex Energy Group, STEPS Centre and Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research
Technology transfer and innovationWatson et al (2011: 16) based on Bell (1990)
National Innovation System
Indigenous support for
technological capabilities
Skills & know-how for operation &
maintenanceAccumulation of
technological capacity
Knowledge & expertise behind
technology
Technology Transfer
New production capacity
Capital goods, services & designs
Socio-technical transitionsMulti-level framework or perspective (MLP)
Source: Geels (2002: 1261)
Socio-technical transitionsRegime alignments
Source: Geels (2004: 912)
Sources of images in reference list at end
Expectation 2
Expectation 1
‘Second-order’ learning‘First-order’ learning
‘First-order’ learning
‘Starting’ point
Socio-technical expectations and learning
Sources of images in reference list at end
Technological and Economic Trade-Offs
User Needs
Institutions
Infrastructures
Supply
Maintenance
Training
Finance
Repair
Retail
Regulations
Government Policy
Product Functionality
Product AestheticsProduct Characteristics
Material Technology
Engineering Practices
Physical Properties Exploited
Engineering Skills
Engineering Procedures
Engineering Heuristics
Production Process Technologies
Scientific Knowledge
Socio-Technical Paradigm
Socio-Technical Trajectory
User Preferences
User Practices
User Requirements
Socio-technical paradigm and trajectory (based on Byrne 2011: 210)
Socio-technical transitionsNiche building
Source: Berkhout et al. (2010: 264)
Socio-technical niche development and trajectory carried by local projects
Conclusions and speculations
• Innovation system builders– Connecting, coordinating, learning, political work…
• Public and private sector roles– Public sector can bear risks of learning, private sector replicates…
• Market development to industrialisation
• Local innovation capabilities help poverty reduction needs?
References
Bell, M. (1990) Continuing Industrialisation, Climate Change and International Technology Transfer, Report prepared in Collaboration with the Resource Policy Group, Oslo and Science Policy Research Unit, University of Sussex, Brighton, December
Berkhout, F., G. Verbong, A. Wieczorek, R. Raven, L. Lebel and X. Bai (2010) “Sustainability experiments in Asia: innovations shaping alternative development pathways?”, Environmental Science & Policy 13(2010): 261-271
Byrne, R. (2011) Learning drivers: rural electrification regime building in Kenya and Tanzania, DPhil thesis, University of Sussex, Brighton
Geels, F. (2002) “Technological transitions as evolutionary reconfiguration processes: a multi-level perspective and a case-study”, Research Policy 31(2002): 1257–1274
Geels, F. (2004) “From sectoral systems of innovation to socio-technical systems: Insights about dynamics and change from sociology and institutional theory”, Research Policy 33(2004): 897-920
Watson, J., R. Byrne, A. Mallett, M. Stua, D. Ockwell, Z. Xiliang, Z. Da, Z. Tianhou, Z. Xiaofeng and O. Xunmin (2011) UK-China Collaborative Study on Low Carbon Technology Transfer, Final report for UK Department of Energy and Climate Change, SPRU, University of Sussex, Brighton and Laboratory for Low Carbon Energy, Tsinghua University, Beijing, April
References
Images on slides 8 and 9
Africa-charity-solar-panels: http://www.charcoalproject.org/wp-content/uploads/2010/12/Africa-charity-solar-panels_21.jpg Batteries: http://www.cekl.com/images/stories/products/battteries.jpg Biofuel: http://www.reoc.info/files/biofuel4.jpg Crowd (21/10/12) http://i.telegraph.co.uk/multimedia/archive/01688/crowd_1688541c.jpg Hydro in china: http://www.energy-green.net/blog/upload/hydropower-in-China.jpg Lantern: http://practicalaction.org/glowstar/images/lantern_off.jpg Maasai Pastoralist: http://ih2.redbubble.net/image.10084503.7370/flat,550x550,075,f.jpg Maasai: http://ccafs.cgiar.org/sites/default/files/maasai.jpg?1350579523 Peru microhydro: http://practicalaction.org/video/images/previews/peru-microhydro-initial.jpg SESA Massai Uday: http://www.newscenter.philips.com/pwc_nc/main/shared/assets/newscenter/2008_pressreleases/SESA_Massai_Uday.jpg Sizewell b: http://static.guim.co.uk/sys-images/Guardian/Pix/pictures/2009/11/22/1258907566883/Sizewell-B-nuclear-power--001.jpg Small wind turbine: http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/media/image/j/o/small_wind_turbine.jpg Solar home light: http://pimg.tradeindia.com/00710412/b/1/Solar-Home-Light-Luminary-CFL-.jpg Solar modules various: http://linuosolar.win.mofcom.gov.cn/www/36/linuosolar/img/20071116112919.jpg Solar power plant: http://static.guim.co.uk/sys-images/Guardian/About/General/2011/5/9/1304935605405/A-solar-power-plant-in-th-007.jpg Wavepower: http://www.pelamiswave.com/upload/image/i_heart_wave_power_badge_-_copy.jpg Windpower: http://news.thomasnet.com/green_clean/wp-content/uploads/2012/06/EarthTalkWindPowerNIMBY-700221.jpg