patterns. What are the patterns based on? What do you observe? • A, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, J, Q, K • 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81 • 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24
Mar 27, 2015
Look at the following patterns.What are the patterns based on?
What do you observe?
• A, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, J, Q, K
• 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81
• 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24
• The first pattern established in the periodic table was found in whether an element was a metal, non-metal or a metalloid.
Metals
• Most elements are metals• They are found on the left side of the periodic
table• All but 1 of these metals are solids at room
temperature• Most metals are malleable, shiny, ductile and
good conductors of heat and electricity.
Non-Metals
• Non-metals are found on the right side of the periodic table (except Hydrogen)
• Many of the non-metals are gases at room temperature
• Most non-metals are NOT malleable, NOT shiny, NOT ductile and NOT good conductors of heat and electricity
Metalloids
• Located along a zig-zag line between the metals and non-metals
• Also known as semi-conductors• Possess some of the properties of both metals
and non-metals• Usually hard and brittle
Bellringer
1. Metals
2. Non-metals
3. Metalloids
a. Along the zig-zag line
b. To the left of the zig-zag line
c. To the right of the zig-zag line
14.1 Physical properties
• Characteristics that you can see through direct observation are called physical properties.
• Physical properties include color, texture, density, brittleness, and state (solid, liquid, or gas).
• Melting point, boiling point, and specific heat are also physical properties.
14.1 Chemical properties• Properties that can only be
observed when one substance changes into a different substance are called chemical properties.
• Any change that transforms one substance into a different substance is called a chemical change.
14.1 The Periodic Table
• The periodic table organizes the elements according to their chemical properties and their physical properties.
• The periodic table is organized in order of increasing atomic number.
14.1 The Periodic Table
• The periodic table is further divided into periods and groups.
• Each horizontal row is called a period.
• Each vertical column is called a group.
Rows/Periods
• In the periodic table, the row are referred to as periods.
• There are 7 periods in the current periodic table.
• Each period represents the outermost shell of electrons used by the atoms in that row.
Columns/Groups
• In the periodic table, the columns/groups are also referred to as “families” since the elements in them all have a lot of properties that are “related”.
• There are 18 groups.
“Families” of the Periodic Table
13-16
Groups 1 & 2
• VERY reactive metals• In nature, they can only be found in
combination with other elements
Group 1 – Alkali Metals
Physical Properties• Very low densities (most
can float)• Soft enough to be cut with
a knife
Chemical Properties
• React violently with water
• React with halogen family to form salts
• Outer shell only contains 1 electron.
Group 2 – Alkaline-Earth Metals
Physical Properties
• Silver colored metals• More dense and
harder than the Alkali Metals
Chemical Properties
• Highly reactive (but not quite as reactive as alkali metals)
• Outer shell only contains 2 electrons
Groups 3-12 Transition Metals
• Physical Properties– Shiny– Good Conductors– High Melting Points– High Densities– Very malleable & ductile– Hard, strong & tough
• Used For– Coins– Electric & Heat
applications– Structural materials
(building & making things)
Groups 3-12 Transition Metals
• Chemical Properties– Not very reactive– Some will react with oxygen to form rust (or
something similar)– Transition metals frequently react with each other
to form alloys.• Zinc + Copper = Brass• Copper + Tin + Aluminum = Bronze• Gold + Nickel + Palladium = White Gold• Iron + Chromium + Nickel = Steel
Groups 13-16
• All of these groups contain a combination of metals, non metals and metalloids.
• All are named after the element at the top of the group.
• Metalloids are contained within these groups
Groups 17 & 18 Nonmetals
Group 17 - Halogens
Physical Properties• Exist in all 3 phases of
matter at room temperature.
Chemical Properties• VERY reactive non metals• Never found independently
in nature…always combined• React violently with alkali
metals to form salts• Outer shell contains 7
electrons
Group 18 – Noble Gases
Physical Properties
• Colorless, odorless gases at room temperature
Chemical Properties
• Very stable• Do not react with
other elements• Outer electron
shell is full
Hydrogen
• Placed in Group 1 due to its lone electron in the outer shell, but does not share any characteristics of the alkali metals
• Colorless, odorless gas at room temp• Reacts violently with oxygen• Most abundant element on earth• More info…
Bellringer
• Write a paragraph about the periodic table. It must include at least 10 words from your vocabulary list. Underline the words.