Long term future opportunities for seaplanes operations · Long term future opportunities for seaplanes operations ... The aircraft must cost less to ... (suggestion of questionnaire

(Name of presenter)

(Short title of presentation)

Ladislav Smrcek

Roderick Galbraith

Giangi Gobbi

Alan Canamar

Jana Halirova

Long term future opportunities for

seaplanes operations

(Name of presenter)


Long term future opportunities for

seaplane operations

University of Glasgow

(Name of presenter)


(Meeting presented at)

20.05.2011, slide 2

Contents

• Sustainability

• Market analysis, Seaplane Operations and

Regulations

• Possible technical solutions

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20.05.2011, slide 3

Sustainability: “sustainability is the concept to

endure”A generation ago the imperatives were :

• higher

• further

• faster

Now, according to EU 2020 vision

guidelines, they are:

• more affordable

• safer

• cleaner

• quieter

Sustainability depends on the wellbeing of the natural world as whole and the responsible use of natural resources.

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20.05.2011, slide 4

Strength based on vision 2020 (today) :

1) Environment (for cleaner and quieter world):

• air/water pollution:

Few studies have been completed on the topic. The most inclusive is probably an investigation conducted by US Army corps of Engineers (USACE). The outcomes were*:

Air quality: no impact

Water quality: no impact

Soil quality: no impact

Wildlife: no impact

Fisheries: no impact

Hydrology: no impact*http://www.seaplanes.org.au/PDF/Seaplanes-The_Facts.pdf, http://www.seaplanes.org/advocacy/environment.pdf and

http://www.seaplanes.org/advocacy/booklet.pdf

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20.05.2011, slide 5


• Noise*:

*http://www.harbourair.ie/environmental-impact.pdf

Noise dBA Example

Military jet 120+

Jet ski 110 e.g. watersports on lake

Chainsaw 100-104 e.g. tree felling/forestry/logging

Grass Cutting 88-100 Golf courses

Tractors 95 e.g. general operations

All terrain vehicles 85

Speedboat 65-95 e.g. watersports on lake

Seaplane 75 on take-off only @ 300m (20 sec)

Inside car – 30 mph 68-73

Normal conversation 65

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20.05.2011, slide 6


2) Responding to society’s needs: at all prices, an airline ticket buys the four C’s:

• Choice: the consumer decides his/her journey from a range of satisfying choices, limiting the impact of weather.

• Convenience: airline timetable is something that can be relied upon. Airports must not be a test for traveller’s patience.

• Comfort: cabins are passenger-friendly. No noise, vibrations and turbulence.

• Costs: the airline system is operating with great efficiency. The aircraft must cost less to own, operate and maintain.

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20.05.2011, slide 7


• point to point connections

• connections to very difficult to reach places

• safe and efficient surveillance in otherwise inaccessible destinations

• sightseeing tours/tourism

• Safety: ability to conduct rescue operations over large bodies of water, water bombers

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20.05.2011, slide 8

Future opportunities (near future):

For a sustainable environmental impact:

• Air:

it is true that carbon emission generated by seaplanes

exceed those produced by boats.

Moreover Vision 2020 states that the aim is to reduce CO2

and nitrogen oxide emissions by 50% and 80%

respectively by 2020.

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20.05.2011, slide 9


alternative fuels (low-polluting bio-fuel and cryogenic fuels in place of jet A1 aviation fuel)

more efficient engines (turboprop: Pratt and Whitney 100 family, e.g. PW150A, General Electric H80).

Drag reduction (novel shapes)

PW150A General Electric H80

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20.05.2011, slide 10


• Noise:

Airframe (novel shapes)

Engines (low output speed for low propeller noise)

Propeller (low tip speed propellers)

• Environment:

Recyclable materials: aircraft's parts could be reused, recovered or recycled in an environmentally friendly way (e.g. Airbus* took part in Pamela (Process for Advanced Management of End of Life Aircraft), . Pamela's aim was to demonstrate that, by 2015, 85% of an aircraft's parts could be reused)

*http://www.flightglobal.com/articles/2011/01/10/351597/aviation-industry-under-pressure-to-reduce-landfill-waste-from-scrapped.html

http://www.pamelalife.com/english

http://www.pamelalife.com/english

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20.05.2011, slide 11


• Modifications of existing planes

• Innovative new design

• Air freight services: cargos travel by air because it is

more competitive

• Unified regulations

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20.05.2011, slide 12

Future opportunities (long term):

• Investments in new technology and materials

• Avionics systems (lighten the burdens on the pilot, help

making correct decisions and reduce human error, night

flight)

• New seaplanes/amphibians advance design

• Larger seaplanes with better range and less affected by

weather conditions

• Efficient, safe, comfortable infrastructures (seaports,

docking facilities, accessibility…)

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20.05.2011, slide 13

Overview of seaplane operations in the UK

and Europe today

• There is almost no seaplane traffic at all

• Goverment regulations mostly are too strict and they do not correspond with modern transport equipment

• Huge market potential in rivers, canals, lakes, and islands

• Seaplanes need a minimum of infrastructure, assistance and communications facilities

• They are perfect choice for holiday destinations, offers a unique and ‘special’ type of journey and they could also offer some sense of freedom for the passengers who donot like airports

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20.05.2011, slide 14

Government regulation and control in the UK

• Seaplanes are under regulations from aviation and naval authority

• Must adhere to the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea, 1972 (COLREGS), The Merchant Shipping (Distress Signals and Prevention of Collisions) Regulations, 1996 and the multiple connotations of the Civil Aviation Act, 1949

• Specific regulations related to harbour operations: landing, and takeoff operations, luggage handling, Security, etc.

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20.05.2011, slide 15

Percentage of Seaplanes and Amphibians in the UK

CAA. 2010. Current records of registered planes by CAA. http://ww.caa.co.uk/default.aspx?catid=56&pagetype=90&pageid=107

0,00%

0,02%

0,04%

0,06%

0,08%

0,10%

0,12%

0,14%

1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011

percentage change of participation of seaplanes and amphibian aircrafts on the total number of aircrafts

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20.05.2011, slide 16

Total number of Water operated Planes in the UK

79 8 8

12 1113 14

16 16 16 16 17 18 18 1715 15 14 15

17 18 1921 21 21 20

1 1 12 2 2 2

34

3 32 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

3 3 32 2

3 32

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

198

5

198

6

1987

198

8

198

9

199

0

199

1

199

2

199

3

199

4

199

5

199

6

199

7

199

8

199

9

200

0

200

1

2002

2003

200

4

200

5

200

6

200

7

200

8

200

9

2010

2011

amphibians

seaplanes

total number of water operated planes

CAA. 2010. Current records of registered planes by CAA. http://ww.caa.co.uk/default.aspx?catid=56&pagetype=90&pageid=107

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20.05.2011, slide 17

Survey carried out:

• Surveyed 300+ operators worldwide, to gather more

information on the types of services offered and the

biggest predicaments

Commercial Airline

16%Commercial

Airline Candidate

6%

Training16%

Flying Club8%

Manufaturer 5%

Charter22%

Tourist22%

Consultant5%

Type of services offered by surveyors(FUSETRA – Future seaplane traffic in Europe, http://www.fusetra.eu/component/content/article/34-fusetracontent/67-survey-on-seaplane-operational-experience)

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20.05.2011, slide 18

Cost Analysis

• Operational costs could be divided among four kinds

materials

salaries

vehicle related

other costs

Common costs

for all means of

transport

energy usage

lubricants (oils, etc.)

Driver/pilot salary

operator salary

depreciations of vehicle

depreciations of additional equipment

maintenance and repairing

(it means material, salaries, insurance, etc.)

insurance (employees, vehicle, responsibility etc.)

interest

taxes

general costs of company

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20.05.2011, slide 19

Seaplane Market in the UK

• There are few small companies operating in the UK and EU (some of them are mentioned at the end of this presentation)

• Loch Lomond Seaplanes Ltd operate first city seaplane

service – they run 2 amphibians among 14 destinations and

manage Glasgow Seaplane Terminal (opened 2007)

main focus of the company is events and sightseeing

activities

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20.05.2011, slide 20

Cost Comparison among selected tourist

attractions in Scotland

• Steam train from Fort Williams to

Mallaig and back

lenght: 2 hours and 10 minutes

(total 4 hours 20 mins)

price for adults: 35.27 EUR or 61.44 EUR for 1st class

it means –

8.46 EUR or 14.74 EUR per person, per hour

• Buses tour from Glasgow to Loch Ness and back

length: 11 hours

price for adults: 41 EUR

it means –

3.73 EUR per person, per hour

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20.05.2011, slide 21

Loch Lomond Seaplanes Ltd. offers

two options for sightseeing

• Loch Lomond or Glasgow discovery

tour:

length: 40 minutes

price: 158 EUR per person (up to 9 passengers)

possibly price for person per hour: 237.2 EUR

• Private seaplane charter for two

length: 60 minutes

price: 681.5 EUR (anywhere they fly to, but only for 2

passengers)

price for person per hour: 340.7 EUR

However it is absolutely different kind of experience

Cost Comparison among selected tourist

attractions in Scotland

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20.05.2011, slide 22

What to do next?

• So the first step of everything is to finger operating locations

• Other steps following:

make a questionnaire or find some main points which are

relevant for figuring out the demand(suggestion of questionnaire will be included in project’s material)

Telephonic research would be the most suitable for such a

type

After the most difficult part of the marketing research (to

gather data) it will follow the data analysis and the final

decision.

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20.05.2011, slide 23

Some examples of European stakeholders and

their planes• Croatia

European coastal seaplanes, their fleet

– The Lake Buccaneer, LA 4-200, Lake-4 seater

– De Havilland DHC-6 Twin Otter

– G21-A Goose

• Finland

PNF Pure Nature Flyers

– Ikarus C42

• France

Eads-Irkut seaplane

– Beriev BE-200

– Beriev BE-210 De Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otter,

Academic Dictionaries and Encyclopedias.2010. Aircraft encyclopaedia. Website.http://en.academic.ru/dic.nsf/enwiki/377734

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20.05.2011, slide 24


their planes

• Germany

Drive and Fly

Ikarus C 42 B

Cessna FA 150 K

• Greece

Argo Airways

De Havilland DHC-3 Turbine Single Otter

• Ireland

Amphibious flying club and Ulster Seaplane Association Ltd

N/A for both

Ikarus C42,

Pilotmix.com.2010.Ikarus.Website.http://www.pilotmix.com/index.php?pgid=11&lang=en&maxInfo=23

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20.05.2011, slide 25

Italy - Aero Club Como

Cessna 172

Cessna 172 XP

Piper PA 18

Cessna 305 C

Cessna 206

Lake LA4-200 EP

• Malta DeHavilland DHC-3 Turbine Single Otter

• Norway – FonnaflyCessna U / TU 206

• United Kingdom

lots of types and clubs – further details in the project materials


their planes

Cessna T206H

Plane and pilot mag. 2007. Cessna T206H Stationar. Website:http://skyacademy.cz/cessnat206h.html?PHPSESSID=86d45ca72a9c73326aa9ed5ec1270c03

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20.05.2011, slide 26

Possible Technical Solutions

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20.05.2011, slide 27

Aircraft Specifications

Aircraft

MTOW

(kg)

Length

(m)

Height

(m)

Max

Speed

(km/h)

Range

(km) Pax Power Plant

European CS 23 Commuter

Antonov AN-28 6,100 12.98 4.6 355 510 18 2 Turboprop

LET-410 6,400 14.42 5.83 380 1,380 19 2 Turboprop

Dornier 228 6,600 16.56 4.86 433 1,111 19 2 Turboprop

Britten Norman

BN-2 6,600 10.86 4.18 273 1,400 9 2 Piston Prop

European CS 25 Regional Jet

BAe 146 42,184 28.6 8.59 801 2,909 80 4 Turbofan

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20.05.2011, slide 28

• High wing

Greater visibility

Light structure

Low Ground Effect

Greater wing and/or prop

clearance

Convenience for boarding

• Turboprop engine

STOL capabilities

Efficient at modest flight speeds

• Materials (must resist corrosion)

Aluminium Alloys

Common Features

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20.05.2011, slide 29

Futuristic ImagesLet L-410 Dornier Do-228

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20.05.2011, slide 30

Antonov AN-28 BAe 146

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20.05.2011, slide 31

Technical Specifications to Consider (Near Future)

• Hydrodynamics Performance

• Aerodynamics Performance

• Weight Parameters

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20.05.2011, slide 32

Hydrodynamic Performance

Boat Hull and Floats Hydrofoils

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20.05.2011, slide 33

Aerodynamic Performance

Retractable Floats Aerodynamic Boat Hull

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20.05.2011, slide 34

Weight Parameters

• Advanced Light Materials

Composites

Titanium Alloys

Advanced Aluminium Alloys

• Power Plants

Pratt and Whitney PW150A

General Electric H80

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20.05.2011, slide 35

CAD Model of Seaplane

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20.05.2011, slide 36

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20.05.2011, slide 37

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20.05.2011, slide 38

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20.05.2011, slide 39

Conclusion• Seaplanes already meet some of the requirements stated in

vision 2020

• Not very radical changes to existing aircrafts are required in the

near future to improve the market

• New seaplanes advance design and efficient, safe, comfortable

infrastructures will be needed in long term

• There is almost no seaplane traffic at all and huge market potential in rivers, canals, lakes and sea

• Seaplanes are not competitive these days. There is a need fora lot of changes (more seats, pilot training centres, easier administration process, robust operation system…)

• Unified regulations is a must

• Public Awareness

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20.05.2011, slide 40

Questions???

Long term future opportunities for seaplanes operations · Long term future opportunities for seaplanes operations ... The aircraft must cost less to ... (suggestion of questionnaire

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