Logic4

Concern about the origin or source of our knowledge

criteria for truth

The EMPERICISM philosophical doctrine which claims that human knowledge comes from sense experience

our knowledge is A Posteriori knowledge is acquired / learned thru experience

denies innate ideas, claims anything is knowable a posteriori

John LockeHuman mind is in the state

of TABULA RASA (blank tablet) upon birth

Nihil in intellectu nisi prisi in sensu

Critique senses can fail; wrong perception

The RATIONALIST philosophical doctrine which claims that ideas are formed through reason alone

gives knowledge as A Priori knowledge is acquired or gained independent of the sense experience

intuition & deduction provide us with knowledge

Critique

A proposition can give us an intellectual insight, can warrant an accepted truth

guilty of hallucination ambiguity of language problem of the senses

The SKEPTICISM philosophical doctrine which doubt on the knowledge of things

we don’t have “certain” knowledge of the external world based on our sense experience or intuitive knowledge based on deduction

Rene Descartes“Cogito Ergo Sum”doubt makes you think

we will never arrived at any certain truth – we can ONLY have ideas through their association

we can only have sense perception perceive things through their association no absolute truth

Critique

Refers to the criterion/a or the basis for affirming the veracity of something

What is truth?

stems from a belief in constancy within the universe a constant to which we refer for guidance

How do we test for constancy, test for truth?

Correspondence Theory

popularized by Plato and English Philosopher Bertrand Russell

Plato proposed a theory based on intuitive recognition that true knowledge corresponds to the facts; agrees with the reality & false knowledge is the other way around

want to distinguish true beliefs from the false one

Correspondence Theory

The most common & widespread way of understanding the nature of truth & falsehood

An idea which corresponds to reality is true while that which do not corresponds to reality is false

philosophical theory which claims that truth exist if there is an agreement or conformity b/w what is in the mind with what is in reality truth is whatever corresponds to reality

e.g the idea of winged horse is true if Pegasus indeed exist

Correspondence Theory

Critique

problem in history

later found to be unsatisfactory by both Plato & Russell

unsatisfactory because it wont allow false belief

a belief is false because it there is no fact to which it corresponds; would be a belief on nothing; ergo not a belief at all

Pragmatic Theory

a philosophical theory of truth popularized by American philosopher William James Charles Sanders Peirce coined the term pragmatism influenced American culture

philosophical theory which claims that an idea is good when it produces the desired results

practicality is the most simple application this theory

Pragmatic Theory

Theories & ideas are to be considered good or truthful must be tested first for their desirability & undesirability

anything that is workable or feasible must be true, if failure occurred the criterion is rejected

philosophical theory which claims that whatever works must be the truth

For James, Knowledge is true when it serves the right purpose

Pragmatic Theory

truth is something which can be verified or at least verifiable by experienced personal experience is the basis for true knowledge

according to James the existence of God is partly verifiable because many people derive benefits from believing

How about the idea of GOD?

Pragmatic Theory

Critique

there is always exception to the rule what is true with you may be false with others the refusal for the belief on absolute results problems on the concept of justice

truth is something which can be verified or at least verifiable by experienced personal experience is the basis for true knowledge

Coherence Theory

philosophical theory of truth popularized by both Hegel and Spinoza

a set of beliefs is true if such beliefs are comprehensive and do not contradict each other

The most reliable and most acceptable criteria and theory on truth

Coherence Theory

philosophical theory which holds that every bit of knowledge is consistent and harmonious with all other knowledge

As long as we have total knowledge available before performing any test, then coherence is the strongest of all criteria

philosophical system in which all facts of experience are integrated; requires that related facts be positioned appropriately & that nothing ultimately contradicts anything else

used in many scientific researches

Thank you folks…till next meeting!