National Library of Scotland Leabharlann Nàiseanta na h-Alba Digitisation DaySchool Friday 18 th March 2016 National Library of Scotland Presentations from the Panel Ines Byrne – Digitisation and Library’s future strategy Jennifer Giles – Local studies: what to digitise? Ian Scott - Newsplan for the 21 st C? Graeme Hawley – Licensed Digital Collections Fred Saunderson – Getting Copyright Right! Craig Statham – Maps: copyright and reuse
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National Library of ScotlandLeabharlann Nàiseanta na h-Alba
Digitisation DaySchoolFriday 18th March 2016
National Library of Scotland
Presentations from the Panel
Ines Byrne – Digitisation and Library’s future strategyJennifer Giles – Local studies: what to digitise?Ian Scott - Newsplan for the 21st C?Graeme Hawley – Licensed Digital CollectionsFred Saunderson – Getting Copyright Right!Craig Statham – Maps: copyright and reuse
National Library of ScotlandLeabharlann Nàiseanta na h-Alba
National Library of ScotlandLeabharlann Nàiseanta na h-Alba
Physical Collections at the National Library
25 million physical items in 490 languages
• 15 million printed items• 7 million manuscripts• 2 million maps• 32,000 films• 172,000 serial-type materials (active and closed)• 5,000 items received per week via Legal Deposit
• 1/5 of our published collections seem to be the only copy in public collections• 4/5 of our collections are not recorded electronically at item level• 1.87 million physical items are undiscoverable• 0.75 million digital items are undiscoverable
National Library of ScotlandLeabharlann Nàiseanta na h-Alba
Digital Collections at the National Librarymainstream and local publications
Non-print Legal Deposit (since 2013)• monographs, serials, ephemera, websites• ca 1.3 million journal articles • ca 50,000 eBooks• ca 4 million URL seeds (3.4 billion URLs)
Licensed digital collections • monographs, serials, historic archives, databases, indexes• 60 collections accessible remotely within Scotland
Digitised from our analogue collections • ca. 170,000 paper-based items / 5.2 million images (monographs, serials,
photographs, posters, maps, manuscripts)• ca. 3,500 film clips, circa 1,500 of those are online• some reel-to-reel tapes, shellac records, wax cylinders, cassette tapes and CDs
National Library of ScotlandLeabharlann Nàiseanta na h-Alba
Digitisation at the National LibraryCurrent annual throughput
1 million images from bound printed materials
80,000 flat-sheet maps
20,000 images from manuscripts, photographs, slides, microfilms, bound maps/atlases, pamphlets, outsized book formats
= under 100,000 items per year
National Library of ScotlandLeabharlann Nàiseanta na h-Alba
New NLS strategy: 'The way forward 2015-2020'
We will make it easier to access our collections. By 2025 – the centenary of the Library’s foundation –
we will complete a full listing of the Library’s holdings
and have a third in digital format.
We will identify the main collection areas for digitisation and take action to make that material globally available.
National Library of ScotlandLeabharlann Nàiseanta na h-Alba
HOW TO MAKE IT AVAILABLE?
• A link to the digital item from NLS’s catalogue record.
• A link from an external catalogue record, or website?
• Create a ‘Local History’ hub?
National Library of ScotlandLeabharlann Nàiseanta na h-Alba
An Introduction to the Modern Collections
National Library of ScotlandLeabharlann Nàiseanta na h-Alba
National Library of ScotlandLeabharlann Nàiseanta na h-Alba
An Introduction to the Modern Collections
National Library of ScotlandLeabharlann Nàiseanta na h-Alba
National Library of ScotlandLeabharlann Nàiseanta na h-Alba
An Introduction to the Modern Collections
National Library of ScotlandLeabharlann Nàiseanta na h-Alba
National Library of ScotlandLeabharlann Nàiseanta na h-Alba
An Introduction to the Modern Collections
National Library of ScotlandLeabharlann Nàiseanta na h-Alba
ABERDEEN [possible example of a web information page]Key Histories:Aberdeen Street Names by G. M. Fraser (1911)The Churches of Aberdeen by Alexander Gammie (1909)Memorials of the Aldermen, Provosts, and Lord Provosts of Aberdeen by Alexander M. Munro (1897)Historical Aberdeen by G. M. Fraser (1905)Aberdeen Awa’ by George Walker (1897)Aberdeen in Byegone Days by Robert Anderson (1910)Merchant and Craft Guilds: A History of the Aberdeen Incorporated Trades by Ebenezer Bain (1887)East Neuk Chronicles by William Skene (1905)
Hard copies of these and many other titles relating to Aberdeen can be found in:- • The National Library of Scotland, in Edinburgh Explore the catalogue here http://
main-cat.nls.uk/vwebv/searchBasic?sk=nls_en For more information contact – Jennifer Giles ([email protected]; 0131-623-3910)
• Aberdeen City Library, in Aberdeen Explore the local resources - http://
www.aberdeencity.gov.uk/Library_Service/Services/lib_local_home.asp For information contact - Tel: 01224 652543; Email: [email protected])
Have you published something about Aberdeen? If so please , please tell the National Library of Scotland and Aberdeen City Library so that we can obtain copies. Find out more about legal deposit and the National Library here - http://www.nls.uk/guides/publishers
National Library of ScotlandLeabharlann Nàiseanta na h-Alba
National Library of ScotlandLeabharlann Nàiseanta na h-Alba
National Library of ScotlandLeabharlann Nàiseanta na h-Alba
National Library of ScotlandLeabharlann Nàiseanta na h-Alba
National Library of ScotlandLeabharlann Nàiseanta na h-Alba
National Library of ScotlandLeabharlann Nàiseanta na h-Alba
National Library of ScotlandLeabharlann Nàiseanta na h-Alba
National Library of Scotland
Copyright and digitisation
Fred Saunderson, National Library of ScotlandLocScot 18 March 2016
National Library of ScotlandLeabharlann Nàiseanta na h-Alba
Copyright essentials
Copyright is a transferable property right that subsists in certain works:• Literary, dramatic, musical and artistic works• Films, sound recordings, broadcasts, software, typographical arrangementsWorks must be recorded and originalCopyright is naturally arisingProtection lasts for a fixed durationAllows the owner to control substantial use – Acts restricted by copyright:• Copying the work• Issuing copies of the work to the public• Performing, showing or playing the work in public• Communicating the work to the public• Adapting the work, or doing any of the above in relation to making an adaptationExcept with permission, doing any of these acts is infringementThe author is normally the first owner of copyright, except when a work is created in the course of employment, in which case the employer is the first owner by default‘Standard’ copyright duration is for a period of 70 years from the end of the year in which the last living author died (published literary, dramatic, musical and artistic works of known authorship) – But there are many other durations!Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 (an up-to-date, but unofficial, version is available from the IPO here)Berne Convention (1886 onwards)Directive 2001/29/EC on the harmonisation of certain aspects of copyright and related rights in the information society (InfoSoc Directive)
Copyright and digitisation – Fred Saunderson18 March 2016
National Library of ScotlandLeabharlann Nàiseanta na h-Alba
Copyright exceptions
Exceptions to copyright enable certain uses of in-copyright material without requirement to obtain explicit permission from copyright owner(s). Many exceptions were updated or expanded in 2014.
Exceptions must comply with the Berne convention’s ‘three-step test’ – Exceptions are permitted ‘in certain special cases, provided that such reproduction does not conflict with the reasonable exploitation of the work and does not unreasonably prejudice the legitimate interests of the author’ (Berne Convention, 1979, Article 9)
Many UK exceptions are premised on ‘fair dealing’ – How would a fair-minded and honest person have dealt with the work?• Does the purpose affect the market for the work?• Is the amount of the work used reasonable, appropriate, and no more than necessary?
Not the same as ‘fair use’ in the United States – Fair use is an open-ended exception, whereas fair dealing is a qualifier to certain specified exceptions
UK copyright exceptions are split into sections:• General (sections 28A-31 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 – N.B. s. 28B has been
quashed)• Disability (s. 31A-31F)• Education (s. 32-36A)• Libraries and archives (s. 40A-44A)• Public administration (s. 45-50)• Further exceptions up to s. 76
Copyright and digitisation – Fred Saunderson18 March 2016
National Library of ScotlandLeabharlann Nàiseanta na h-Alba
Licences
The other way to use material that is in copyright is with permission from the copyright owner(s) – under licence.
Licensing agreements – formal and informal
‘Blanket’ licences to cover future use – Creative Commons or Open Government Licence
Most Crown copyright material is available for re-use under the Open Government Licence – See: http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/information-management/re-using-public-sector-information/licensing-for-re-use/
Copyright and digitisation – Fred Saunderson18 March 2016
National Library of ScotlandLeabharlann Nàiseanta na h-Alba
Orphan works
An orphan work is a work that is protected by copyright but where one or more of the copyright owners is unknown or cannot be located.
Protected by copyright – know durations, works in the public domain cannot be copyright orphansCopyright owner – not necessarily ‘author’ – copyright is a transferable rightOne or more – there can be multiple joint copyright owners – permission is needed from all
Orphan works licensing scheme (UK) • Seven year non-exclusive licences for UK use of an orphan work for commercial or non-commercial
purposes• Administered by the Intellectual Property Office• Must undertake a diligent search for the copyright owner(s)• Licence fees (10p to tens of thousands of £s) and application fees (£20 to £80)• One application can be for up to 30 works
Orphan works exception - Certain permitted uses of orphan works (EU)• Certain publicly accessible cultural heritage organisations (including libraries, educational
establishments, museums, and archives) can digitise their orphan works and place online for non-commercial use
• Standalone artistic works are excluded• Diligent search, but no fees• Administered by the Office for Harmonisation in the Internal Market (OHIM) –
EU orphan works database
Consider options!
Copyright and digitisation – Fred Saunderson18 March 2016
National Library of ScotlandLeabharlann Nàiseanta na h-Alba
Digitisation and copyright
Your reasons for digitising a work can have a big impactCopyright exceptions can enable works to be digitised by organisations even when they are in copyright, for example for:
• Preservation of rare or irreplaceable items (Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 s. 42)• Making available on dedicated terminals on your premises (s. 40B)• Orphan works (that aren’t standalone artistic works) (Schedule ZA1)
But these may not be the easiest ways to undertake BIG digitisation projects Unless you’re using a copyright exception you need:
• to ensure the work is out of copyright• to get a licence• adapt a risk appetite for digitising works
Copyright and digitisation – Fred Saunderson18 March 2016
National Library of ScotlandLeabharlann Nàiseanta na h-Alba
Digitisation and copyright
Copyright and digitisation – Fred Saunderson18 March 2016
1. Is the work in copyright?
2. If it is, or you think it might be, can you digitise it under an
exception?
3. If you can’t, can you get permission?
4. If you can’t, what’s your risk appetite for proceeding?
5. If you do digitise, who is doing the work? If it isn’t you, what rights do they have? What’s your agreement with them?
National Library of ScotlandLeabharlann Nàiseanta na h-Alba
Digitisation and copyright
Rights after digitisation – New assets
Debatable whether faithful digital reproductions of two-demensional works are sufficiently ‘original’ to attract copyright protection
Either way, label assets – make re-use and access conditions as clear as possible
Re-use of Public Sector information Regulations 2015
Copyright and digitisation – Fred Saunderson18 March 2016