Locomotion And Movement Classification of Bones Structure of a Bone Skeletal System - Functions Bones Based on Location Based on Shape Bone, cartilage, ligament and tendon form the Skeletal System. • Provides shape and framework • Helps in movement and locomotion • Protects delicate organs, like rib cage protects heart and lungs • Axial Skeleton: skull, rib cage, vertebral column • Appendicular Skeleton: upper and lower limbs, shoulder, pelvic girdle Types of Cartilage • Hyaline: helps surfaces slide over one another, found in respiratory system • Fibro: provides support and strength, found in healing tissue during bone repair • Elastic: maintains shape, found in middle ear Cartilage • Made up of collagen and elastin fibres • Cartilage contains no blood supply • Chondroblasts: Cells that form cartilage • Chondrocytes: Mature cells of the cartilage • Chondrocytes lie in lacunae in the matrix • Perichondrium: Outer layer of cartilage Axial Skeleton Appendicular Skeleton • Each bone tissue is made up of two types of osseous tissue: compact and spongy • Compact bone: hard, compact, found towards the outside of the bone • Spongy bone: soft, found towards the centre • Periosteum: connective tissue found on the outside of the bone, attaches muscles and joints • Endosteum: connective tissue, line the marrow cavity • Diaphysis: shaft of a bone, contains marrow • Epiphysis: swollen end of a bone • Epiphyseal line demarcates diaphysis and epiphysis • Blood cells are produced in marrow • Osteoblasts form bone matrix and osteocytes are the mature cells of bones • Osteoclasts: special gigantic cells, help to maintain, repair, remodel bones • Matrix of a bone made up of organic part and inorganic part (hydroxyapatite) • Long bones: long, slender, eg. humerus, femur • Short bones: smaller in size, eg. carpals, tarsals • Flat bones: thin and flat but all are not completely flat, eg. scapula, sternum • Irregular bones: no specific shape, eg. vertebrae • We have 206 bones which forms more than 200 joints in our body • A new born child has 305 bones Skeletal System Cartilage Epiphyseal line Medullary cavity Nutrient vessel Bone marrow Spongy bone Diaphysis Endosteum Periosteum Compact bone Epiphysis