LOCKRIDGE GRINDAL NAUEN P.L.L.P. REBECCA A. … · jerding, richard clapp, zachary chernik, emma berry, pam blackburn, holly rydman, kirsten ... case no. 2:18-cv-01736-doc-jpr amended

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LOCKRIDGE GRINDAL NAUEN P.L.L.P. REBECCA A. PETERSON (241858) 100 Washington Avenue South, Suite 2200 Minneapolis, MN 55401 Telephone: (612) 339-6900 Facsimile: (612) 339-0981 E-mail: [email protected] [Additional Counsel on Signature Page] Attorneys for Plaintiffs

UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT CENTRAL DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA

WESTERN DIVISION

JENNIFER REITMAN, JENNIFER SONG, RACHEL COLANGELO, SAMANTHA JERDING, RICHARD CLAPP, ZACHARY CHERNIK, EMMA BERRY, PAM BLACKBURN, HOLLY RYDMAN, KIRSTEN PEDERSEN, RAMY SHAKER, and SCOTT WEAVER, individually and on behalf of a class of similarly situated individuals, PLAINTIFFS, V. CHAMPION PETFOODS USA, INC. and CHAMPION PETFOODS LP, DEFENDANTS.

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Case No. 2:18-cv-01736-DOC-JPR AMENDED CLASS ACTION COMPLAINT FOR: (1) VIOLATION OF THE CALIFORNIA CONSUMER LEGAL REMEDIES ACT; (2) VIOLATION OF THE CALIFORNIA FALSE ADVERTISING LAW; (3) VIOLATION OF THE CALIFORNIA UNFAIR COMPETITION LAW; (4) VIOLATION OF THE MINNESOTA COMMERCIAL FEED LAW; (5) VIOLATION OF MINNESOTA UNLAWFUL TRADE PRACTICES ACT; (6) VIOLATION OF MINNESOTA UNIFORM DECEPTIVE TRADE PRACTICES ACT; (7) VIOLATION OF MINNESOTA FALSE STATEMENT IN ADVERTISING ACT; (8) VIOLATION OF MINNESOTA PREVENTION OF CONSUMER FRAUD; (9) VIOLATION OF NEW YORK GENERAL BUSINESS LAW § 349; (10) VIOLATION OF NEW YORK GENERAL BUSINESS LAW § 350; (11) BREACH OF EXPRESS WARRANTY; (12) VIOLATION OF THE FLORIDA DECEPTIVE AND UNFAIR TRADE PRACTICES ACT; (13) BREACH OF IMPLIED WARRANTY; (14) FRAUDULENT MISREPRESENTATION; (15) FRAUD BY OMISSION; (16) NEGLIGENT MISREPRESENTATION; (17) UNJUST ENRICHMENT; (18) VIOLATION OF COLORADO CONSUMER PROTECTION ACT;

Case 2:18-cv-01736-DOC-JPR Document 39 Filed 04/19/18 Page 1 of 143 Page ID #:180

513191.2 2

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(19) VIOLATION OF MICHIGAN CONSUMER PROTECTION ACT; (20) VIOLATION OF WISCONSIN DECEPTIVE TRADE PRACTICES ACT; (21) VIOLATION OF ILLINOIS CONSUMER FRAUD AND DECEPTIVE BUSINESS PRACTICES ACT; (22) VIOLATION OF MASSACHUSETTS BREACH OF EXPRESS WARRANTY; (23) VIOLATION OF MASSACHUSETTS BREACH OF IMPLIED WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY; (24) VIOLATION OF MASSACHUSETTS NEGLIGENT MISREPRESENTATION; (25) VIOLATION OF MASSACHUSETTS INTENTIONAL MISREPRESENTATION; (26) VIOLATION OF MASSACHUSETTS FRAUDULENT MISREPRESENTATION; (27) VIOLATIONS OF WASHINGTON UNFAIR BUSINESS PRACTICES AND CONSUMER PROTECTION ACT; (28) WASHINGTON FRAUDULENT MISREPRESENTATION; (29) WASHINGTON NEGLIGENT MISREPRESENTATION; (30) WASHINGTON BREACH OF EXPRESS WARRANTY; (31) WASHINGTON BREACH OF IMPLIED WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY; (32) VIOLATION OF ALASKA UNFAIR TRADE PRACTICES AND CONSUMER PROTECTION ACT; (33) ALASKA FRAUDULENT MISREPRESENTATION; (34) ALASKA NEGLIGENT MISREPRESENTATION; (35) ALASKA BREACH OF EXPRESS WARRANTY; (36) ALASKA BREACH OF IMPLIED WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY; (37) IOWA FRAUDULENT MISREPRESENTATION; (38) IOWA NEGLIGENT MISREPRESENTATION; (39) IOWA BREACH OF EXPRESS WARRANTY; (40) IOWA BREACH OF IMPLIED WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY DEMAND FOR JURY TRIAL


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1. Plaintiffs Jennifer Reitman, Jennifer Song, Rachel Colangelo, Samantha

Jerding, Richard Clapp, Zachary Chernik, Emma Berry, Pam Blackburn, Holly Rydman,

Kirsten Pedersen, Ramy Shaker, and Scott Weaver, individually and on behalf of all others

similarly situated, by and through their undersigned attorneys, bring this Class Action

Complaint against Defendants Champion Petfoods USA, Inc. and Champion Petfoods LP

(“Defendants”), for their negligent, reckless, and/or intentional practice of misrepresenting

and failing to fully disclose the presence of heavy metals and toxins in their pet food sold

throughout the United States. Plaintiffs seek both injunctive and monetary relief on behalf

of the proposed Classes (defined below), including requiring full disclosure of all such

substances in its marketing, advertising, and labeling and restoring monies to the members

of the proposed Classes. Plaintiffs allege the following based upon personal knowledge as

well as investigation by their counsel and as to all other matters, upon information and

belief. Plaintiffs believe that substantial evidentiary support will exist for the allegations

set forth herein after a reasonable opportunity for discovery.

DEFENDANTS MARKET THEMSELVES AS ONLY SELLING PREMIUM DOG FOOD WITH THE SIMPLE MISSION OF “TO BE TRUSTED BY PET

LOVERS”

2. Defendants manufacture, market, advertise, label, distribute, and sell pet

food under the brand names Acana and Orijen throughout the United States, including in

this District.

3. Defendants have created a niche in the pet food market by “making

biologically ‘appropriate’ pet food- as close to what animals would eat in nature as

possible- and producing it using fresh, natural ingredients…” They then charge a premium

for this purportedly higher-quality food. The founder of the company, Peter Muhlenfeld,


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said, “Our core family beliefs are [] entrenched in the company, and that is to make the

very best food.”1

4. Defendants tout that “Biologically Appropriate™ ORIJEN represents a new

class of food, designed to nourish dogs and cats according to their evolutionary adaptation

to a diet rich and diverse in fresh meat and protein[]” and that it is “trusted by pet lovers

everywhere.”2

5. Defendants’ packaging and labels further emphasize fresh, quality, and

properly sourced ingredients and even declares its dog food has “ingredients we love”:

1 The Globe and Mail, “How once-tiny pet-food maker took a bite of the global market,” Jan. 16, 2018,https://www.theglobeandmail.com/report-on-business/small-business/canadian-powerhouse-export-your-dog-is-eating-it/article37605774/ (last visited Feb. 6, 2018).

2 https://www.orijen.ca/us/


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6. Yet nowhere in the labeling, advertising, statements, warranties and/or

packaging do Defendants disclose that the Contaminated Pet Foods (defined herein)

contain levels of arsenic, mercury, lead, cadmium and/or BISPHENOL A (“BPA”) — all

known to pose health risks to humans and animals, including dogs:3

Product Name

arsenic ug per

kg

bpa ug per

kg cadmium ug per kg

mercury ug per

kg lead ug per kg

Acana Regionals Wild Atlantic New England Fish and Fresh Greens Dry Dog Food

3256.40 32.50 113.00 51.20 249.30

Orijen Six Fish With New England Mackerel, Herring, Flounder, Redfish, Monkfish, Silver Hake Dry Dog Food

3169.80 39.50 200.50 54.90 38.70

Orijen Original Chicken, Turkey, Wild-Caught Fish, Eggs Dry Dog Food

907.60 0.00 93.20 10.80 489.80

3 All the below pet food collectively is referred to as the “Contaminated Dog Foods.” Discovery in this action likely will lead to the identification of additional products based on Defendants’ public acknowledgment that their foods do contain heavy metals.


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Product Name

arsenic ug per

kg

bpa ug per


mercury ug per

kg lead ug per kg

Orijen Regional Red Angus Beef, Boar, Goat, Lamb, Pork, Mackerel Dry Dog Food

849.40 43.60 123.10 21.40 167.70

Acana Regionals Meadowland with Poultry, Freshwater Fish and Eggs Dry Dog Food

846.40 82.70 37.50 8.70 489.00

Acana Regionals Appalachian Ranch with Red Meats and Freshwater Catfish Dry Dog Food

358.20 82.90 32.50 14.90 336.70

Acana Regionals Grasslands with Lamb, Trout, and Game Bird Dry Dog Food

262.80 0.00 30.60 9.60 305.00

Orijen Regional Red Angus Beef, Ranch Raised Lamb, Wild Boar, Pork,

1066.50 37.70 62.10 21.70 138.50


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Product Name

arsenic ug per

kg

bpa ug per


mercury ug per

kg lead ug per kg

Bison Dry Dog Food

Acana Singles Duck and Pear Formula Dry Dog Food

523.40 102.70 30.90 15.40 537.40

Acana Singles Lamb and Apple Formula Dry Dog Food

401.20 73.20 35.00 3.20 423.40

Acana Heritage Free-Run Poultry Formula Dry Dog Food

292.90 62.20 27.80 3.30 290.20

Acana Heritage Freshwater Fish Formula Dry Dog Food

977.70 0.00 56.20 27.40 486.80

Orijen Tundra Freeze Dried Venison, Elk, Bison, Quail, Steelhead Trout Wet Dog Food

23.13 6.02 27.64 5.35 12.26

Orijen Adult Dog Freeze Dried Chicken, Turkey, Wild-Caught Fish, Eggs

23.21 13.41 7.74 9.45 7.33


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Product Name

arsenic ug per

kg

bpa ug per


mercury ug per

kg lead ug per kg

Wet Dog Food Orijen Regional Red Freeze Dried Angus Beef, Ranch Raised Lamb, Wild Boar, Pork, Bison Wet Dog Food

102.66 0.00 23.40 19.60 16.85

Orijen Six Fish Wild-Caught Regional Saltwater and Freshwater Fish Dry Dog Food

2173.90 39.70 92.20 58.80 55.10

Orijen Tundra Goat, Venison, Mutton, Bison, Arctic Char, Rabbit Dry Dog Food

1628.50 40.30 134.50 43.60 471.80

Orijen Grain Free Puppy Chicken, Turkey, Wild-Caught Fish, Eggs Dry Dog Food

791.20 32.20 87.20 12.20 490.80

Acana Singles Mackerel and Greens

1510.70 40.10 112.20 29.60 251.10


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Product Name

arsenic ug per

kg

bpa ug per


mercury ug per

kg lead ug per kg

Formula Dry Dog Food Acana Heritage Meats Formula Dry Dog Food

384.80 58.30 24.40 6.40 1731.90

Acana Singles Pork and Squash Formula Dry Dog Food

373.70 57.60 25.60 4.00 329.60

7. Defendants warrant, promise, represent, label and/or advertise that the

Contaminated Pet Foods are free of any heavy metals and/or chemicals like BPA by

assuring the food represents an evolutionary diet that mirrors that of a wolf – free of

anything “nature did not intend for your dog to eat:”


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8. Defendants assert that: “Virtually All Of The Nutrients In Acana Are

Natural And Not Synthetic.”4 Defendants make a similar claim to the Orijen Dog Foods in

maintaining that that the main source of any nutrient in Orijen is from a natural source.5

9. Defendants further warrant, promise, represent, advertise and declare that the

Contaminated Dog Foods are made with protein sources that are “Deemed fit for human

consumption:”

4 https://acana.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/DS-ACANA-Dog-Brochure-002.pdf

5 https://www.orijen.ca/us/foods/dog-food/dry-dog-food/tundra/


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THE INCLUSION OF HEAVY METALS, BPA AND ANY OTHER CHEMICALS AT ANY LEVEL WOULD BE MATERIAL TO A REASONABLE CONSUMER

BASED ON THE INHERENT AND KNOWN RISKS OF CONSUMPTION AND/OR EXPOSURE

Heavy Metals

10. Based on the risks associated with exposure to higher levels of arsenic, both

the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (“EPA”) and U.S. Food and Drug

Administration (“FDA”) have set limits concerning the allowable limit of arsenic at 10

parts per billion (“ppb”) for human consumption in apple juice (regulated by the FDA) and

drinking water (regulating by the EPA).6

6 The FDA has taken action based on consumer products exceeding this limit, including testing and sending warning letters to the manufacturers. See, e.g., Warning Letter from FDA to Valley


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11. Moreover, the FDA is considering limiting the action level for arsenic in rice

cereals for infants to 100 ppb7

12. The Contaminated Dog Foods also contain lead, which is another carcinogen

and developmental toxin known to cause health problems. Exposure to lead in food builds

up over time. Buildup can and has been scientifically demonstrated to lead to the

development of chronic poisoning, cancer, developmental, and reproductive disorders, as

well as serious injuries to the nervous system, and other organs and body systems.

13. The Contaminated Dog Foods also contain mercury, which can cause

damage to the cardiovascular system, nervous system, kidneys, and digestive tract in dogs.

Continued exposure can also injure the inner surfaces of the digestive tract and abdominal

cavity, causing lesions and inflammation. There have also been reports of lesions in the

central nervous system (spinal cord and brain), kidneys, and renal glands.8

14. Finally, the Contaminated Dog Foods contain cadmium which has been

observed to cause anemia, liver disease, and nerve or brain damage in animals eating or

drinking cadmium. The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services has determined

that cadmium and cadmium compounds are known human carcinogens and the EPA has

likewise determined that cadmium is a probable human carcinogen. 9

Processing, Inc. (June 2, 2016), https://www.fda.gov/iceci/enforcementactions/warningletters /2016/ucm506526.htm.

7 FDA, Draft Guidance for Industry: Inorganic Arsenic in Rice Cereals for Infants: Action Level (Apr. 2016), https://www.fda.gov/downloads/Food/GuidanceRegulation/GuidanceDocuments RegulatoryInformation/UCM493152.pdf. 8 https://wagwalking.com/condition/mercury-poisoning

9 https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/phs/phs.asp?id=46&tid=15


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15. Indeed, the FDA has acknowledged that “exposure to [these four heavy]

metals are likely to have the most significant impact on public health” and has prioritized

them in connection with its heavy metals workgroup looking to reduce the risks associated

with human consumption of heavy metals.10

16. Despite the known risks of exposure to these heavy metals, Defendants have

negligently, recklessly, and/or knowingly sold the Contaminated Dog Foods without

disclosing they contain levels of arsenic, mercury, cadmium and lead to consumers like

Plaintiffs. Indeed, Defendants have publicly acknowledge that consumers “have deep

feelings and a sense of responsibility for the well-being of their dogs and cats."11

17. Additionally, Defendants knew or should have been aware that a consumer

would be feeding the Contaminated Dog Foods multiple times each day to his or her dog,

making it the main, if not only, source of food for the dog. This leads to repeated exposure

of the heavy metals to the dog.

18. Defendants have wrongfully and misleadingly advertised and sold the

Contaminated Dog Foods without any label or warning indicating to consumers that these

products contain heavy metals, or that these toxins can over time accumulate in the dog’s

body to the point where poisoning, injury, and/or disease can occur.

19. Defendants’ omissions are material, false, misleading, and reasonably likely

to deceive the public. This is true especially in light of the long-standing campaign by

10 https://www.fda.gov/Food/FoodborneIllnessContaminants/Metals/default.htm

11 https://www.theglobeandmail.com/amp/report-on-business/small-business/canadian-powerhouse-export-your-dog-is-eating-it/article37605774/


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Defendants to market the Contaminated Dog Foods as healthy and safe to induce

consumers, such as Plaintiffs, to purchase the products. For instance, Defendants market

the Contaminated Dog Foods as “Biologically Appropriate,” using “Fresh Regional

Ingredients” comprised of 100 percent meat, poultry, fish, and/or vegetables, both on the

products’ packaging and on Defendants’ websites.

20. Moreover, Defendants devote significant web and packaging space to the

marketing of their DogStar® Kitchens, which they tell consumers “are the most advanced

pet food kitchens on earth, with standards that rival the human food processing industry.”

21. Defendants state on their website that the Orijen pet foods “feature[]

unmatched and unique inclusions of meat, naturally providing everything your dog or cat

needs to thrive.” Defendants further promise on the products’ packaging and on its website

that its Orijen and Acana foods are “guaranteed” to “keep your dog happy, healthy, and

strong.”

22. Using such descriptions and promises makes Defendants' advertising

campaign deceptive based on presence of heavy metals in the Contaminated Dog Foods.

Reasonable consumers, like Plaintiffs, would consider the mere inclusion of heavy metals

in the Contaminated Dog Foods as a material fact in considering what pet food to purchase.

Defendants' above-referenced statements, representations, partial disclosures, and

omissions are false, misleading, and crafted to deceive the public as they create an image

that the Contaminated Dog Foods are healthy, safe, and free of contaminants such as

arsenic and lead. Moreover, Defendants knew or should have reasonably expected that the

presence of heavy metals in its Contaminated Dog Foods is something an average


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consumer would consider in purchasing dog food. Defendants' representations and

omissions are false, misleading, and reasonably likely to deceive the public.

23. Moreover, a reasonable consumer, such as Plaintiffs and other members of

the Classes (as defined herein), would have no reason to not believe and/or anticipate that

the Contaminated Dog Foods are "“Biologically Appropriate” foods that use “Fresh

Regional Ingredients” consisting only of meat, poultry, fish, and vegetables. Non-

disclosure and/or concealment of the toxins in the Contaminated Dog Foods coupled with

the misrepresentations alleged herein by Defendants suggesting that the food provides

complete health and is safe is intended to and does, in fact, cause consumers to purchase a

product Plaintiffs and members of the classes not have bought if the true quality and

ingredients were disclosed. As a result of these false or misleading statements and

omissions, Defendants have generated substantial sales of the Contaminated Dog Foods.

24. The expectations of reasonable consumers and deception of these consumers

by Defendants’ advertising, misrepresentations, packaging, labeling is further highlighted

by the public reaction to this lawsuit as reported by various websites.

25. Plaintiffs bring this action individually and on behalf of all other similarly

situated consumers within California, Minnesota and Florida who purchased the

Contaminated Dog Foods, in order to cause the disclosure of the presence of heavy metals

that pose a known risk to both humans and animals in the Contaminated Dog Foods, to

correct the false and misleading perception Defendants have created in the minds of

consumers that the Contaminated Dog Foods are high quality, safe, and healthy and to

obtain redress for those who have purchased the Contaminated Dog Foods.


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Bisphenol A (“BPA”)

26. The dangers of BPA in human food are recognized by the FDA, along with

various states. For instance, manufacturers and wholesalers are prohibited from selling

any children’s products that contain BPA and any infant formula, baby food, or toddler

food stored in containers with intentionally added BPA

27. Still, certain Contaminated Dog Foods are sold by Defendants that contain

levels of BPA—an industrial chemical that “‘is an endocrine disruptor. It’s an industrial

chemical that according to Medical News Today’ . . . interferes with the production,

secretion, transport, action, function and elimination of natural hormones.’”12 BPA has

been linked to various health issues, including reproductive disorders, heart disease,

diabetes, cancer, and neurological problems.13

28. Despite the presence of this harmful chemical, Defendants prominently

warrant, claim, feature, represent, advertise, or otherwise market the Contaminated Dog

Foods as made from “Biologically Appropriate” and “Fresh Regional Ingredients”

consisting entirely of fresh meat, poultry, fish, and vegetables. Indeed, each bag

prominently displays the percentage of these ingredients on the front.

29. Defendants’ website and packaging also warrants, claims, features,

represents, advertises, or otherwise markets that its products are natural. In fact, Orijen’s

slogan is “Nourish as Nature Intended.”

12Dr. Karen Beeker, A Major Heads Up: Don't Feed This to Your Dog, Healthy Pets (Feb. 13, 2017), https://healthypets.mercola.com/sites/healthypets/archive/2017/02/13/dogs-canned-food-dangers.aspx. 13 Christian Nordquist, Bisphenol A: How Does It Affect Our Health? Medical News Today (May 24, 2017), https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/221205.php.


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30. In promoting their promise, warranty, claim, representation, advertisement,

or otherwise marketing that the Contaminated Dog Foods are safe and pure, Defendants

further assure its customers:

Equipped with state-of-the-art fresh food processing technologies, our DogStar® kitchens feature 25,000 square feet of cooler space, capable of holding over 500,000 pounds of fresh local meats, fish and poultry, plus fresh whole local fruits and vegetables.

Unmatched by any pet food maker, our ingredients are deemed fit for human consumption when they arrive at our kitchens fresh, bursting with goodness, and typically within 48 hours from when they were harvested.

31. To this end, Defendants’ websites further warrants, claims, features,

represents, advertises, or otherwise markets that the Contaminated Dog Foods are

manufactured in such a way that would prevent BPA forming by closely monitoring

temperatures and quality:

“[O]ur unique Votator Heat Exchangers bring chilled fresh ingredients to room temperature without introducing water or steam, which enables us to add even more fresh meats into our foods.”

“Referred to as ‘the most significant preconditioning development for extrusion cooking in the last 20 years,’ our High Intensity Preconditioners


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were custom-built for DogStar®, feeding fresh meats from the Votators to Extruders at rates previously unheard of, and without high temperatures.”

“At the heart of our kitchens is a twin thermal extruder which is fed fresh ingredients from our High Intensity Preconditioner.

The first of its kind in North America, it took 11 months to build, and features custom steam injection to enable very high fresh meat inclusions and a gentle cooking process which helps further reduce the carbohydrates in our foods and preserves their natural goodness.”

32. Thus, Defendants engaged in deceptive advertising and labeling practice by

expressly warranting, claiming, stating, featuring, representing, advertising, or otherwise

marketing on Acana and Orijen labels and related websites that the Contaminated Dog

Foods are natural, fit for human consumption, fit for canine consumption, and made from

“Biologically Appropriate” and “Fresh Regional Ingredients” consisting entirely of fresh

meat, poultry, fish, and vegetables when they contain the non-naturally occurring chemical

BPA.

33. Based on these false representations, Defendants charge a premium, knowing

that the claimed natural make-up of the Contaminated Dog Foods (as well as all of the

other alleged false and/or misleading representations discussed herein) is something an

average consumer would consider as a reason in picking a more expensive dog food. By

negligently and/or deceptively representing, marketing, and advertising the Contaminated

Dog Foods as natural, fit for human consumption, fit for canine consumption, natural, and

made from “Biologically Appropriate” and “Fresh Regional Ingredients” consisting

entirely of fresh meat, poultry, fish, and vegetables, Defendants wrongfully capitalized on,

and reaped enormous profits from, consumers’ strong preference for natural pet food

products.


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34. Plaintiffs bring this action individually and on behalf of all other similarly

situated consumers within California, Minnesota and Florida who purchased the

Contaminated Dog Foods, in order to cause the disclosure of the presence of BPA that pose

a known risk to both humans and animals in the Contaminated Dog Foods, to correct the

false and misleading perception Defendants have created in the minds of consumers that

the Contaminated Dog Foods are high quality, safe, and healthy and to obtain redress for

those who have purchased the Contaminated Dog Foods.

JURISDICTION AND VENUE

35. This Court has original jurisdiction over all causes of action asserted herein

under the Class Action Fairness Act, 28 U.S.C. §1332(d)(2), because the matter in

controversy exceeds the sum or value of $5,000,000 exclusive of interest and costs and

more than two-thirds of the Classes reside in states other than the states in which

Defendants are citizens and in which this case is filed, and therefore any exemptions to

jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. §1332(d) do not apply.

36. Venue is proper in this Court pursuant to 28 U.S.C. §1391, because Plaintiff

Reitman resides and suffered injury as a result of Defendants' acts in this district, many of

the acts and transactions giving rise to this action occurred in this district, Defendants

conduct substantial business in this district, Defendants have intentionally availed

themselves of the laws and markets of this district, and Defendants are subject to personal

jurisdiction in this district.

PARTIES

37. Plaintiff Jennifer Reitman (“Plaintiff Reitman”) is, and at all times relevant

hereto has been, a citizen of the state of California. Plaintiff Reitman purchased the


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following Contaminated Dog Foods for her two dogs, a German shepherd mix named

Goliath and a Husky mix named Laska: Orijen Six Fish With New England Mackerel,

Herring, Flounder, Redfish, Monkfish, Silver Hake Dry Dog Food, Acana Singles Lamb

and Apple Formula Dry Dog Food, Acana Singles Duck and Pear Formula Dry Dog Food

and Acana Regionals Grasslands with Lamb, Trout, and Game Bird Dry Dog Food.

Plaintiff purchased the largest bag available of the Contaminated Dog Foods once a month

on average between January 2012 and approximately July 2016. In 2016, Plaintiff began

cooking for her dogs because Goliath was getting sick from the dog food she was feeding

them. Since this change, Goliath has not been sick. She would generally buy the dog food

at Bruno’s in Venice, California. Prior to purchasing the Contaminated Dog Foods,

Plaintiff Reitman saw the products the nutritional claims on the packaging, which she relied

on in deciding to purchase the Contaminated Dog Foods. During that time, based on the

false and misleading claims, warranties, representations, advertisements and other

marketing by Defendants, Plaintiff Reitman was unaware that the Contaminated Dog

Foods contained any level of heavy metals, chemicals or toxins and would not have

purchased the food if that was fully disclosed. Plaintiff Reitman was injured by paying a

premium for the Contaminated Dog Foods that have no or de minimis value based on the

presence of the alleged heavy metals, chemicals and toxins.

38. Plaintiff Jennifer Song (“Plaintiff Song”) is, and at all times relevant hereto

has been, a citizen of the state of Minnesota. Plaintiff Song purchased the following

Contaminated Dog Foods and fed the food to her 12-year-old pug, Suzy, and a recently

rescued 6-year-old Pomeranian mix, Bee: Orijen Six Fish With New England Mackerel,

Herring, Flounder, Redfish, Monkfish, Silver Hake Dry Dog Food; Orijen Regional Red


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with Angus Beef, Wild Boar, Boer Goat, Romney Lamb, Yorkshire Pork & Wild Mackerel,

Orijen Regional Red Angus Beef, Ranch Raised Lamb, Wild Boar, Pork, Bison Dry Dog

Food, Acana Regionals Grasslands with Lamb, Trout, and Game Bird Dry Dog Food,

Acana Regionals Wild Atlantic New England Fish and Fresh Greens Dry Dog Food, Acana

Regionals Meadowland with Poultry, Freshwater Fish and Eggs Dry Dog Food, Acana

Regionals Appalachian Ranch with Red Meats and Freshwater Catfish Dry Dog Food and

Orijen Original Chicken, Turkey, Wild-Caught Fish, Eggs Dry Dog Food. Plaintiff Song

began purchasing the Contaminated Dog Foods on or around November 6, 2016 and

continued to purchase approximately two 4.5-pound bags monthly (priced at around $22.00

per bag) until approximately February 2018 when she discovered that the food was

contaminated. Plaintiff purchased the Contaminated Dog Foods from Chuck & Don’s in

Minnesota. Prior to purchasing the Contaminated Dog Foods, Plaintiff saw the products

the nutritional claims on the packaging, which she relied on in deciding to purchase the

Contaminated Dog Foods. During that time, based on the false and misleading claims,

warranties, representations, advertisements and other marketing by Defendants, Plaintiff

was unaware that the Contaminated Dog Foods contained any level of heavy metals,

chemicals or toxins and would not have purchased the food if that was fully disclosed.

Plaintiff Song was injured by paying a premium for the Contaminated Dog Foods that have

no or de minimis value based on the presence of the alleged heavy metals, chemicals and

toxins.

39. Plaintiff Richard Clapp (“Plaintiff Clapp”) is a citizen of the state of Florida.

Plaintiff Clapp purchased the following Contaminated Dog Foods for his two dogs, a

English Cocker Spaniel named Minnie and an English Springer Spaniel named Gertie:


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Orijen Original Chicken, Turkey, Wild-Caught Fish, Eggs Dry Dog Food, Acana Heritage

Free-Run Poultry Formula Dry Dog Food and Acana Heritage Freshwater Fish Formula

Dry Dog Food. Plaintiff Clapp purchased the Contaminated Dog Foods approximately

every two months staring approximately in January 2010 until February 2018. Plaintiff

Clapp would purchase the Contaminated Dog Foods from various stores, including Treat

Play Love in North Dakota, Amazon and other local pet stores. Prior to purchasing the

Contaminated Dog Foods, Plaintiff Clapp saw the products the nutritional claims on the

packaging, which he relied on in deciding to purchase the Contaminated Dog Foods.

During that time, based on the false and misleading claims, warranties, representations,

advertisements and other marketing by Defendants, Plaintiff Clapp was unaware that the

Contaminated Dog Foods contained any level of heavy metals, chemicals or toxins and

would not have purchased the food if that was fully disclosed. Plaintiff Clapp was injured

by paying a premium for the Contaminated Dog Foods that have no or de minimis value

based on the presence of the alleged heavy metals, chemicals and toxins.

40. Plaintiff Rachel Colangelo (“Plaintiff Colangelo”) is a citizen of the State of

New York. Plaintiff Colangelo purchased the following Contaminated Dog Foods for her

three dogs, a three-year-old Lab-Hound mix named Chewbacca, a two-year-old

Dachshund-Jack Russell Terrier mix named Yoda, and a five-year-old Chihuahua-spaniel

min-pin mix named Leia: Orijen Original Adult Food and Acana Free Run Poultry.

Plaintiff Colangelo purchased the Contaminated Dog Foods from her local pet store, Pet

Supplies Plus, and online on a monthly basis (at approximately two to three bags per

month). Prior to purchasing the Contaminated Dog Foods, Plaintiff Colangelo saw

Defendants’ nutritional claims about these products on the packaging, which she relied on


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in deciding to purchase the Contaminated Dog Foods. During that time, based on the false

and misleading claims, warranties, representations, advertisements, and other marketing

by Defendants, Plaintiff Colangelo was unaware that the Contaminated Dog Foods

contained any level of heavy metals, chemicals, or toxins and would not have purchased

the food if that was fully disclosed. Plaintiff Colangelo was injured by paying a premium

for the Contaminated Dog Foods that have no or de minimis value based on the presence

of the alleged heavy metals, chemicals, and toxins.

41. Plaintiff Samantha Jerding (“Plaintiff Jerding”) is, and at all times relevant

hereto has been, a citizen of the state of Colorado. Plaintiff Jerding purchased the following

Contaminated Dog Foods for her two dogs, Maddox and Bailey: Acana Meadowland with

Poultry, Freshwater Fish and Eggs. Plaintiff purchased Contaminated Dog Foods twice on

average between January 1, 2018 and approximately March 1, 2018. She would generally

buy the dog food at Duke Dog Wash in Wheat Ridge, Colorado. Prior to purchasing the

Contaminated Dog Foods, Plaintiff Jerding saw the products the nutritional claims on the

packaging, which she relied on in deciding to purchase the Contaminated Dog Foods.


advertisements and other marketing by Defendants, Plaintiff Jerding was unaware that the

Contaminated Dog Foods contained any level of heavy metals, chemicals or toxins and

would not have purchased the food if that was fully disclosed. Plaintiff Jerding was injured


based on the presence of the alleged heavy metals, chemicals and toxins.

42. Plaintiff Zachary Chernik (“Plaintiff Chernik”) is, and at all times relevant

hereto has been, a citizen of the state of Illinois. Plaintiff Chernik purchased the following


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Contaminated Dog Foods for his nineteen dogs, Jackie, a 15 ½-year-old Border Collie;

Bob, a 10-year-old Border Collie; Jazzy, a 15 ½-year-old Border Collie; Tweak, a 15 ½-

year-old Border Collie-Jack Russell mix; Squeeze, a 15 ½-year-old Border Collie-Jack

Russell mix; Kerwyn, a 14 ¼-year-old Border Collie-Jack Russell mix; Cruise, a 12 ½-

year-old Jack Russell; RazR, a 12 ¼-year-old Border Collie-Jack Russell mix who passed

away on Christmas Eve of 2017 of a choroid plexus papilloma; Stealer, a 15 ½-year-old

Border Collie-Jack Russell mix; BurnE, a 12 ½-year-old Border Collie-American

Staffordshire Terrier mix; Talon, a 10-year-old Border Collie-Jack Russell mix; Phantom,

a 10-year-old Border Collie-Jack Russell mix; Mirage, a 10-year-old Border Collie-Jack

Russell mix; Layla, a 9 ½-year-old Labrador Retriever-American Staffordshire Terrier

mix; Elf, a 4 ¼-year-old Border Collie-Jack Russell mix; Vixen, a 4 ¼-year-old Border

Collie-Jack Russell mix; Ricochet, a 2 ½-year-old Border Collie-Whippet mix; Glide, a 1

¾-year-old Border Collie-Whippet mix; and Hydro, a 1-year-old Border Collie-Whippet

mix (all performance dogs): Orijen Six Fish, Orijen Adult and Orijen Regional Red and a

variety of Acana products. Plaintiff Chernik purchased the Contaminated Dog Foods on

average one per bag week from approximately April 2006 and approximately July 2017,

generally from Pet Food Experts and Zeus and Company Pet Supply. Prior to purchasing

the Contaminated Dog Foods, Plaintiff Chernik saw the nutritional claims on the

packaging, which he relied on when deciding to purchase the Contaminated Dog Foods.


advertisements, and other marketing by Defendants, Plaintiff Chernik was unaware that the

Contaminated Dog Foods contained any level of heavy metals, chemicals, or toxins and

would not have purchased the food if that was fully disclosed. Plaintiff Chernik was injured


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based on the presence of the alleged heavy metals, chemicals, and toxins.

43. Plaintiff Emma Berry (“Plaintiff Berry”) is, and at all times relevant hereto

has been, a citizen of the state of Massachusetts. Plaintiff Berry purchased the following

Contaminated Dog Foods for her dogs, Moxie, a 4-year-old English Bulldog, and Boogey,

a 2-year-old English Bulldog: Orijen Puppy Large Breed, Orijen Regional Red, Orijen

Original, and Orijen Six Fish. Plaintiff Berry purchased the Contaminated Dog Foods once

a month on average between approximately December 2014 and March 2018, generally

from chewy.com and Pet Life in Danvers, Massachusetts. Prior to purchasing the

Contaminated Dog Foods, Plaintiff Berry saw the nutritional claims on the packaging,

which she relied on when deciding to purchase the Contaminated Dog Foods. During that

time, based on the false and misleading claims, warranties, representations, advertisements,

and other marketing by Defendants, Plaintiff Berry was unaware that the Contaminated

Dog Foods contained any level of heavy metals, chemicals, or toxins and would not have

purchased the food if that was fully disclosed. Plaintiff Berry was injured by paying a

premium for the Contaminated Dog Foods that have no or de minimis value based on the

presence of the alleged heavy metals, chemicals, and toxins.

44. Plaintiff Pam Blackburn (“Plaintiff Blackburn”) is, and at all times relevant

hereto has been, a citizen of the state of Iowa. Plaintiff Blackburn purchased the following

Contaminated Dog Foods for her dog, Tiger, a 9-year-old Soft Coated Wheaten Terrier:

ACANA Singles Protein Lamb and Apple. Plaintiff Blackburn purchased the

Contaminated Dog Foods once a month on average between approximately February 2014

and February 2018, generally from chewy.com and petflow.com. Prior to purchasing the


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Contaminated Dog Foods, Plaintiff Blackburn saw the nutritional claims on the packaging,

which she relied on when deciding to purchase the Contaminated Dog Foods. During that

time, based on the false and misleading claims, warranties, representations, advertisements,

and other marketing by Defendants, Plaintiff Blackburn was unaware that the

Contaminated Dog Foods contained any level of heavy metals, chemicals, or toxins and

would not have purchased the food if that was fully disclosed. Plaintiff Blackburn was

injured by paying a premium for the Contaminated Dog Foods that have no or de minimis

value based on the presence of the alleged heavy metals, chemicals, and toxins.

45. Plaintiff Holly Rydman (“Plaintiff Rydman”) is, and at all times relevant

hereto has been, a citizen of the state of Washington. Plaintiff Rydman purchased the

following Contaminated Dog Foods for her 3 ½-year-old and 2-year-old French Bulldogs

and 2-year-old Labrador Retriever: Orijen Six Fish, ACANA Singles Duck and Pear,

ACANA Singles Pork and Squash, ACANA Heritage Red Meat, ACANA Regionals

Grasslands, ACANA Heritage Free-Run Poultry, and ACANA Regionals Meadowland.

Plaintiff Rydman purchased the Contaminated Dog Foods once a month on average

between approximately December 2014 and February 2018, generally from Mud Bay and

Fluffy & Floyd Pet Supply. Prior to purchasing the Contaminated Dog Foods, Plaintiff

Rydman saw the nutritional claims on the packaging, which she relied on when deciding

to purchase the Contaminated Dog Foods. During that time, based on the false and

misleading claims, warranties, representations, advertisements, and other marketing by

Defendants, Plaintiff Rydman was unaware that the Contaminated Dog Foods contained

any level of heavy metals, chemicals, or toxins and would not have purchased the food if

that was fully disclosed. Plaintiff Rydman was injured by paying a premium for the


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Contaminated Dog Foods that have no or de minimis value based on the presence of the

alleged heavy metals, chemicals, and toxins.

46. Plaintiff Kirsten Pedersen (“Plaintiff Pedersen”) is, and at all times relevant

hereto has been, a citizen of the state of Alaska. Plaintiff Pedersen purchased the following

Contaminated Dog Foods for her dog, Bougie, a 13-year-old female Australian Cattle Dog:

Acana Regionals Appalachian Ranch with Red Meats and Freshwater Catfish Dry Dog

Food and Acana Regionals Grasslands with Lamb, Trout, and Game Bird Dry Dog Food.

Plaintiff Pedersen purchased the Contaminated Dog Foods approximately once a month on

average between approximately January 2014 and February 2018, generally from Alaska

Mill & Feed in Anchorage, Alaska. Prior to purchasing the Contaminated Dog Foods,

Plaintiff Pedersen saw the nutritional claims on the packaging, which she relied on when

deciding to purchase the Contaminated Dog Foods. During that time, based on the false

and misleading claims, warranties, representations, advertisements, and other marketing

by Defendants, Plaintiff Pedersen was unaware that the Contaminated Dog Foods


the food if that was fully disclosed. Plaintiff Pedersen was injured by paying a premium

for the Contaminated Dog Foods that have no or de minimis value based on the presence

of the alleged heavy metals, chemicals, and toxins.

47. Plaintiff Ramy Shaker (“Plaintiff Shaker”) is, and at all times relevant hereto

has been, a citizen of the state of Michigan. Plaintiff Shaker purchased the following

Contaminated Dog Foods for his dogs, Athena, a 7-year old female boxer and his male

boxer Achilles who passed away in 2014 of a rare kidney cancer: Acana Singles Duck and

Pear Formula Dry Dog Food and Acana Singles Mackerel and Greens Formula Dry Dog


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Food. Plaintiff Shaker purchased six to eight bags of Contaminated Dog Foods

approximately twice a year after Achilles passed away and prior to that, approximately

sixteen bags twice a year starting approximately in May 2008 to March 2018. Plaintiff

Shaker generally purchased the Contaminated Dog Foods from a Specialty Pet Supplies in

Plymouth, Michigan. Prior to purchasing the Contaminated Dog Foods, Plaintiff Shaker

saw the nutritional claims on the packaging, which he relied on when deciding to purchase

the Contaminated Dog Foods. During that time, based on the false and misleading claims,

warranties, representations, advertisements, and other marketing by Defendants, Plaintiff

Shaker was unaware that the Contaminated Dog Foods contained any level of heavy

metals, chemicals, or toxins and would not have purchased the food if that was fully

disclosed. Plaintiff Shaker was injured by paying a premium for the Contaminated Dog

Foods that have no or de minimis value based on the presence of the alleged heavy metals,

chemicals, and toxins.

48. Plaintiff Scott Weaver (“Plaintiff Weaver”) is, and at all times relevant hereto

has been, a citizen of the state of Wisconsin. Plaintiff Weaver purchased the following

Contaminated Dog Foods for his dogs, Jill, a 10-year-old female Golden Retriever, Jack, a

11-year old male Golden Retriever, and Prince Harry, a 5-year old male Golden Retriever

(all who are therapy and literacy volunteer dogs): Orijen Six Fish and Orijen Regional Red

with Angus Beef, Wild Boar, Boer Goat, Romney Lamb, Yorkshire Pork & Wild Mackerel,

Orijen Regional Red Angus Beef, Ranch Raised Lamb, Wild Boar, Pork, Bison Dry Dog

Food. Plaintiff Weaver purchased the Contaminated Dog Foods approximately once a

month on average between approximately January 2007 and October 2017, generally from

Mounds Pet Food Store in Fitchburg, Wisconsin. Prior to purchasing the Contaminated


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Dog Foods, Plaintiff Weaver saw the nutritional claims on the packaging, which he relied

on when deciding to purchase the Contaminated Dog Foods. During that time, based on

the false and misleading claims, warranties, representations, advertisements, and other

marketing by Defendants, Plaintiff Weaver was unaware that the Contaminated Dog Foods


the food if that was fully disclosed. Plaintiff Weaver was injured by paying a premium for

the Contaminated Dog Foods that have no or de minimis value based on the presence of

the alleged heavy metals, chemicals, and toxins.

49. As the result of Defendants’ negligent, reckless, and/or knowingly deceptive

conduct as alleged herein, Plaintiffs were injured when they paid the purchase price or a

price premium for the Contaminated Dog Foods that did not deliver what was promised.

They paid the premium price on the assumption that the labeling of the Contaminated Dog

Foods was accurate and that it was healthy, superior quality, natural, and safe for dogs to

ingest. Plaintiffs would not have paid this money had they known that the Contaminated

Dog Foods contained any levels of the heavy metals, chemicals and/or toxins. Plaintiffs

were further injured because the Contaminated Dog Foods that have no or de minimis value

based on the presence of the alleged heavy metals, chemicals and toxins. Damages can be

calculated through expert testimony at trial. Further, should Plaintiffs encounter the

Contaminated Dog Foods in the future, they could not rely on the truthfulness of the

packaging, absent corrective changes to the packaging and advertising of the Contaminated

Dog Foods.

50. Defendant Champion Petfoods USA Inc. (“Champion USA”) is incorporated

in Delaware. Its headquarters and principal place of business, as of March 2016, is located


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at 12871 Bowling Green Road, Auburn, KY 42206. Since that time, all Contaminated Pet

Foods sold in the United States are manufactured, sourced and sold by Champion USA. .

51. Defendant Champion Petfoods LP (“Champion Canada”) is a Canadian

limited partnership with its headquarters and principal place of business located at 11403-

186 St NW, Edmonton, Alberta T5S 2W6. Defendant Champion Canada wholly owns,

operates, and/or controls Defendant Champion USA. Prior to March 2016, all

Contaminated Pet Foods sold in the United States were manufactured, sourced and sold by

Champion Canada.

52. Defendants formulate, develop, manufacture, label, distribute, market,

advertise, and sell the Contaminated Dog Foods under the dog food brand names Orijen

and Acana throughout the United States, including in this District, during Class Period

(defined below). The advertising, labeling, and packaging for the Contaminated Dog

Foods, relied upon by Plaintiffs, was prepared, reviewed, and/or approved by Defendants

and their agents, and was disseminated by Defendants and their agents through marketing,

advertising, packaging, and labeling that contained the misrepresentations alleged herein.

The marketing, advertising, packaging and labeling for the Contaminated Dog Foods was

designed to encourage consumers to purchase the Contaminated Dog Foods and reasonably

misled the reasonable consumer, i.e., Plaintiffs and the Classes, into purchasing the

Contaminated Dog Foods. Defendants own, manufacture, and distribute the Contaminated

Dog Foods, and created, allowed, negligently oversaw, and/or authorized the unlawful,

fraudulent, unfair, misleading, and/or deceptive labeling and advertising for the

Contaminated Dog Foods.


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FACTUAL ALLEGATIONS

The Contaminated Dog Foods

53. The Contaminated Dog Foods include the following:

(a) Acana Regionals Appalachian Ranch with Ranch-Raised Red Meats

& Freshwater Catfish


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(b) Acana Regionals Grasslands with Grass-Fed Kentucky Lamb,

Freshwater Trout & Game Bird


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(c) Acana Regionals Meadowland with Free-Run Poultry, Freshwater

Fish, and Nest-Laid Eggs


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(d) Acana Regionals Wild Atlantic with New Wild New England Fish &

Fresh Kentucky Greens


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(e) Orijen Original with Fresh Free-Run Chicken and Turkey, Wild-

Caught Fish and Nest-Laid Eggs


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(f) Orijen Regional Red with Angus Beef, Wild Boar, Boer Goat,

Romney Lamb, Yorkshire Pork & Wild Mackerel


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(g) Orijen Regional Red Angus Beef, Ranch Raised Lamb, Wild Boar,

Pork, Bison Dry Dog Food


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(h) Orijen Six Fish with New England Mackerel, Herring, Flounder,

Redfish, Monkfish and Silver Hake:


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(i) Acana Singles Duck and Pear Formula Dry Dog Food


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(j) Acana Singles Lamb and Apple Formula Dry Dog Food


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(k) Acana Heritage Free-Run Poultry Formula Dry Dog Food


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(l) Acana Heritage Freshwater Fish Formula Dry Dog Food


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(m) Orijen Tundra Freeze Dried Venison, Elk, Bison, Quail, Steelhead

Trout Wet Dog Food


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(n) Orijen Adult Dog Freeze Dried Chicken, Turkey, Wild Caught Fish,

Eggs Wet Dog Food


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(o) Orijen Regional Red Freeze Dried Angus Beef, Ranch Raised

Lamb, Wild Boar, Pork, Bison Wet Dog Food


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(p) Orijen Regional Red Angus Beef, Ranch Raised Lamb, Wild Boar,

Pork, Bison Dry Dog Food


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(q) Orijen Six Fish Wild-Caught Regional Saltwater and Freshwater

Fish Dry Dog Food


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(r) Orijen Tundra Goat, Venison, Mutton, Bison, Arctic Char, Rabbit

Dry Dog Food


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(s) Orijen Grain Free Puppy Chicken, Turkey, Wild-Caught Fish,

Eggs Dry Dog Food


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(t) Acana Singles Mackerel and Greens Formula Dry Dog Food


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(u) Acana Heritage Meats Formula Dry Dog Food


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(v) Acana Singles Pork and Squash Formula Dry Dog Food


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Heavy Metals Create Known Risks When Ingested

54. Toxins like arsenic, mercury, cadmium and lead can cause serious illness to

humans and animals. A company should be vigilant to take all reasonable steps to avoid

causing family pets to ingest these toxins.

55. Arsenic is a semi-metal element in the periodic table. It is odorless and

tasteless. Arsenic occurs naturally in the environment as an element of the earth's crust; it

is found in rocks, soil, water, air, plants, and animals. Arsenic is combined with other

elements such as oxygen, chlorine, and sulfur to form inorganic arsenic compounds.

Historically, arsenic compounds were used in many industries, including: (i) as a

preservative in pressure-treated lumber; (ii) as a preservative in animal hides; (iii) as an

additive to lead and copper for hardening; (iv) in glass manufacturing; (v) in pesticides;

(vi) in animal agriculture; and (vii) as arsine gas to enhance junctions in semiconductors.

The United States has canceled the approvals of some of these uses, such as arsenic-based

pesticides, for health and safety reasons. Some of these cancellations were based on

voluntary withdrawals by producers. For example, manufacturers of arsenic-based wood

preservatives voluntarily withdrew their products in 2003 due to safety concerns, and the

EPA signed the cancellation order. In the Notice of Cancellation Order, the EPA stated

that it “believes that reducing the potential residential exposure to a known human

carcinogen is desirable.” Arsenic is an element—it does not degrade or disappear.

56. Inorganic arsenic is a known cause of human cancer. The association

between inorganic arsenic and cancer is well documented. As early as 1879, high rates of

lung cancer in miners from the Kingdom of Saxony were attributed, in part, to inhaled

arsenic. By 1992, the combination of evidence from Taiwan and elsewhere was sufficient


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to conclude that ingested inorganic arsenic, such as is found in contaminated drinking water

and food, was likely to increase the incidence of several internal cancers. The scientific

link to skin and lung cancers is particularly strong and longstanding, and evidence supports

conclusions that arsenic may cause liver, bladder, kidney, and colon cancers as well.

57. Lead is a metallic substance formerly used as a pesticide in fruit orchards,

but the use of such pesticides is now prohibited in the United States. Lead, unlike many

other poisons, builds up in the body over time as the person is exposed to and ingests it,

resulting in a cumulative exposure which can, over time, become toxic and seriously

injurious to health. Lead poisoning can occur from ingestion of food or water containing

lead. Acute or chronic exposure to material amounts of lead can lead to severe brain and

kidney damage, among other issues, and ultimately cause death.

58. In recognition of the dangers of lead, the State of Minnesota has enacted the

Lead Poisoning Prevention Act. In 2014, the Minnesota Commissioner of Health defined,

under Minnesota Statute 144.9501, an “elevated blood lead level” as “a diagnostic blood

lead test with a result that is equal to or greater than five micrograms of lead per deciliter

of whole blood in any person.”

59. The State of Minnesota also recognizes the dangers of arsenic and prohibits

the sale or use of “any fertilizer containing more than 500 parts per million by weight of

arsenic.”

60. The FDA has set standards that regulate the maximum parts per billion of

lead permissible in water: bottled water cannot contain more than 5 ppb of total lead or 10

ppb of total arsenic. See 21 C.F.R. §165.110(b)(4)(iii)(A).


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61. Mercury is a known toxin that creates health risks to both humans and

animals. The impact of the various ways humans and animals are exposed and ingest

mercury has been studied for years. In fact, in as early as 1997, the EPA issued a report to

Congress that detailed the health risks to both humans and animals.14

62. Based on the toxicity and risks of Mercury, regulations have been enacted at

both the Federal and state level.

63. Cadmium is likewise a known toxin that creates risk when ingested by

animals or humans. It has been specifically noted that “Kidney and bone effects have []

been observed in laboratory animals ingesting cadmium. Anemia, liver disease, and nerve

or brain damage have been observed in animals eating or drinking cadmium.”15

Defendants Falsely Advertise the Contaminated Dog Foods as Nutritious, Superior Quality, Pure, and Healthy While Omitting Any Mention of the Heavy Metals, as Well as Claim the Foods Are Natural, Pure, and Safe Despite the Inclusion of the Industrial Chemical BPA

64. Defendants formulate, develop, manufacture, label, package, distribute,

market, advertise, and sell their extensive Acana and Orijen lines of dry and freeze-dried

pet food products across the United States, including the Contaminated Dog Foods.

65. Defendants tout themselves as “a leader and innovator in making pet foods,

Champion works to our own standards. These are our standards, not USDA, not FDA, not

CFIA. These agencies set minimum standards which we exceed exponentially.

Why? Because our Mission and our Values dictate that we do, and that’s what pet lovers

expect from us.

14 https://www3.epa.gov/airtoxics/112nmerc/volume5.pdf

15 https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/ToxProfiles/tp5-c1-b.pdf


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66. In 2016, Defendants opened DogStar Kitchens, a 371,100 square foot

production facility on 85 acres of land outside Bowling Green, KY. This facility has the

capacity to produce up to 220 million pounds of Acana and Orijen pet food per year. The

CEO of Champion Pet Foods, Frank Burdzy, said, “The US is our fastest growing

market.”16 Prior to this facility’s construction, Defendants’ Acana and Orijen products were

exclusively manufactured in Canada. Since that facility began production, all Acana and

Orijen foods sold in the United States are manufactured at the DogStar Kitchens facility.

67. Defendants have represented that its DogStar Kitchens meet the European

Union’s standard for pet food ingredients processing. They have also represented a

commitment to using fresh and local ingredients, including wild-caught fish.

68. Defendants warrant, claim, state, represent, advertise, label, and market their

Contaminated Dog Foods as natural, fit for human consumption, fit for canine

consumption, and made from “Biologically Appropriate” and “Fresh Regional Ingredients”

consisting entirely of fresh meat, poultry, fish, and vegetables; containing “only 1

supplement – zinc;” “provid[ing] a natural source of virtually every nutrient your dog needs

to thrive;” and “guaranteed to keep your dog healthy, happy and strong.” Defendants

therefore had a duty to ensure that these statements were true. As such, Defendants knew

or should have known that the Contaminated Dog Foods included the presence of heavy

metals and/or BPA.

69. Likewise, by warranting, claiming, stating, featuring, representing,

advertising or otherwise marketing that Orijen and Acana foods, including the

16 https://www.foodengineeringmag.com/articles/95994-champion-petfoods-opens-dogstar-kitchens


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Contaminated Dog Foods, are natural, fit for human consumption, fit for canine

consumption, and made from “Biologically Appropriate” and “Fresh Regional Ingredients”

consisting entirely of fresh meat, poultry, fish, and vegetables, Defendants had a known

duty to ensure that there were no chemicals included in the Contaminated Dog Foods. In

fact, Defendants offered further assurances by representing that the quality control over the

manufacturing of the Contaminated Dog Foods as a rigid process free of outsourcing.

70. Defendants specifically promise on their website, “[W]e prepare ACANA

ourselves, in our own kitchens, where we oversee every detail of food preparation — from

where our ingredients come from, to every cooking, quality and food safety process.”

Similarly, Defendants promise that their “Dogstar® Kitchens have access to a myriad of

specialty family farms, with whom we partner for our supply of trusted ingredients.”

Finally, Defendants’ promise “[s]tandards that rival the human food processing industry

for authenticity, nutritional integrity, and food safety.” According to the Orijen and Acana

websites, Defendants use “feature state-of-the-art fresh food processing technologies.” As

such, Defendants knew or should have known that higher temperatures coupled with the

type of containers used in manufacturing create a real risk of BPA in their products.

71. The Contaminated Dog Foods are available at numerous retail and online

outlets in the United States, including California, Minnesota and Florida.

72. The Contaminated Dog Foods are widely advertised, and Defendants employ

a Chief Marketing Officer, a Vice President for Customer Engagement, and a Director of

Marketing in both the United States and Canada.


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73. The official websites for Acana and Orijen display the Contaminated Dog

Foods; descriptions and full lists of ingredients for the Contaminated Dog Foods and

includes the following promises:

74. Defendants’ websites repeat the false and misleading claims, warranties,

representations, advertisements, and other marketing about the Contaminated Dog Foods

benefits, quality, purity, and natural make-up, without any mention of the heavy metals

and/or BPA they contain. This is not surprising given that natural pet food sales represent

over $5.5 billion in the United States and have consistently risen over the years.17

17 Statista, Natural and Organic Pet Food Sales in the U.S. from 2009 to 2019, The Statistics Portal (accessed Oct. 25, 2017). https://www.statista.com/statistics/548957/us-sales-of-natural-and-organic-pet-food/


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75. Moreover, Defendants have themselves acknowledged the importance of

quality dog food to the reasonable consumer:

“Our No. 1 mandate is BAFRINO – biologically appropriate, fresh regional ingredients, never outsourced,” said Frank Burdzy, president and chief executive officer of Champion Petfoods in Canada, in an interview with the Daily News Monday prior to housewarming activities outside and inside the kitchens.

“We build relationships with our suppliers and farms and fisheries. We are trusted by pet owners,” Burdzy said.18

76. As a result of Defendants’ omissions, a reasonable consumer would have no

reason to suspect the presence of heavy metals and/or BPA in the Contaminated Dog Foods

without conducting his or her own scientific tests, or reviewing third-party scientific testing

of these products.

77. However, after conducting third-party scientific testing, it is clear that the

Contaminated Dog Foods does in fact contain levels both heavy metals and/or BPA.

18 Mason, C., Champion Petfoods DogStar Kitchens holds housewarming, BOWLING GREEN DAILY

NEWS (Jan. 5, 2016) available at http://www.bgdailynews.com/news/champion-petfoods-dogstar-kitchens-holds-housewarming/article_bf34275d-2242-5f3f-a9cc-14174235acc1.html?utm_medium=social&utm_source=email&utm_campaign=user-share (last accessed March 1, 2018).


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Defendants’ Statements and Omissions Violate California, Minnesota and Florida Laws

78. California, Minnesota and Florida laws are designed to ensure that a

company’s claims about its products are truthful and accurate. Defendants violated these

state laws by negligently, recklessly, and/or intentionally incorrectly claiming that the

Contaminated Dog Foods are pure, healthy, and safe for consumption and by not accurately

detailing that the products contain the toxic heavy metals and/or BPA. Defendants

misrepresented that the Contaminated Dog Foods are natural, fit for human consumption,

fit for canine consumption, and made from “Biologically Appropriate” and “Fresh

Regional Ingredients” consisting entirely of fresh meat, poultry, fish, and vegetables;

“feature[] unmatched and unique inclusions of meat, naturally providing everything your

dog or cat needs to thrive;” and are “guaranteed” to “keep your dog happy, healthy, and

strong.”

79. Defendants' marketing and advertising campaign has been sufficiently

lengthy in duration, and widespread in dissemination, that it would be unrealistic to require

Plaintiffs to plead reliance upon each advertised misrepresentation.

80. Defendants have engaged in this long-term advertising campaign to convince

potential customers that the Contaminated Dog Foods were pure, healthy, safe for

consumption, and did not contain harmful ingredients such as arsenic and lead. Likewise,

Defendants have engaged in this long-term advertising campaign to convince potential

customers that the Contaminated Dog Foods are natural, pure, and safe despite the presence

of BPA in the food.


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Plaintiffs’ Reliance Was Reasonable and Foreseen By Defendants

81. Plaintiffs reasonably relied on Defendants’ own claims, warranties,

representations, advertisements, and other marketing concerning the particular qualities

and benefits of the Contaminated Dog Foods.

82. Plaintiffs relied upon Defendants’ false and/or misleading representations

alleged herein, including the websites and the Contaminated Dog Foods’ labels and

packaging in making their purchasing decisions.

83. Any reasonable consumer would consider the labeling of a product (as well

as the other false and/or misleading representations alleged herein) when deciding whether

to purchase. Here, Plaintiffs relied on the specific statements and misrepresentations by

Defendants that the Contaminated Dog Foods were natural, fit for human consumption, fit

for canine consumption, and made from “Biologically Appropriate” and “Fresh Regional

Ingredients” consisting entirely of fresh meat, poultry, fish, and vegetables; “feature[ing]

unmatched and unique inclusions of meat, naturally providing everything your dog or cat

needs to thrive;” and were “guaranteed” to “keep your dog happy, healthy, and strong”

with no disclosure of the inclusion of heavy metals, including arsenic or lead, and BPA.

Defendants’ Knowledge and Notice of Their Breaches of Their Express and Implied Warranties

84. Defendants had sufficient notice of their breaches of express and implied

warranties. Defendants have, and had, exclusive knowledge of the physical and chemical

makeup of the Contaminated Dog Foods.

85. Additionally, Defendants received notice of the contaminants in their dog

and cat food, including the Contaminated Dog Foods, through the Clean Label Project,


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which found higher levels of heavy metals in its dog and cat food products. In fact,

Defendants actually responded to the Clean Label Project’s findings. Defendants spoke

with the Clean Label Project by phone regarding its findings and methodology, which

showed that Orijen pet foods have high levels of heavy metals compared to other pet foods.

The Clean Label Project informed Defendants that it compared Orijen pet foods to

competitors’ products and gave them a one-star rating, meaning they contained higher

levels of contaminants than other products on the market. 19 Defendants’ direct contact with

the Clean Label Project demonstrates its knowledge about the Contaminated Dog Foods.

86. Defendants also issued a white paper in defense of the Clean Label Project

findings that acknowledges that their products contain heavy metals.20 In that same White

Paper, Defendants state “[w]e systematically test ORIJEN and ACANA products for heavy

metals (arsenic, cadmium, lead and mercury) at two third-party laboratories.”

87. The White Paper discusses the sources of arsenic, cadmium, lead and

mercury, and what Defendants contend to be acceptable levels of those heavy metals in pet

food.

88. Defendants did not widely disseminate this White Paper or direct consumers

to this White Paper. Moreover, Defendants did not change their packaging or labeling to

include a disclaimer that the Contaminated Dog Foods contain any levels of the heavy

metals or include a copy of the White Paper findings on the packaging or labeling. Finally,

19 Clean Label Project, “Orijen: Why Aren’t You Listening to Your Customers?” http://www.cleanlabelproject.org/orijen-customers/ (last visited Feb. 6, 2018). 20http://www.championpetfoods.com/wp-content/themes/champion-petfoods/res/research/Champion-Petfoods-White-Paper-Heavy-Metals.pdf


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there is no disclosure as to whether the Contaminated Dog Foods tested were manufactured

in the United States or Canada.

89. Defendants likewise had knowledge of the potential risk and inclusion of

BPA in their Contaminated Dog Foods. Defendants have publicly stated they ask their

suppliers if the packaging contains BPA while at the same time admitting that they in fact

do not perform any tests to confirm that the Contaminated Dog Foods are BPA free.

Moreover, Defendants no longer boast about “exceeding” regulations when asked if the

Contaminated Pet Foods are BPA free.

Privity Exists with Plaintiffs and the Proposed Classes

90. Defendants knew that consumers such as Plaintiffs and the proposed Classes

would be the end purchasers of the Contaminated Dog Foods and the target of their

advertising and statements.

91. Defendants intended that the warranties, advertising, labeling, statements,

and representations would be considered by the end purchasers of the Contaminated Dog

Foods, including Plaintiffs and the proposed Classes.

92. Defendants directly marketed to Plaintiffs and the proposed Classes through

statements on their website, labeling, advertising, and packaging.

93. Plaintiffs and the proposed Class are the intended beneficiaries of the

expressed and implied warranties.

CLASS ACTION ALLEGATIONS

94. Plaintiffs bring this action individually and on behalf of the following Classes

pursuant to Rules 23(a) and 23(b)(2) and (3) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure:


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All persons who are citizens of the State of California who, from July 1, 2013, to the present, purchased the Contaminated Dog Foods for household or business use, and not for resale (the “California Class”);

All persons who are citizens of the State of Minnesota who, from July 1, 2013, to the present, purchased the Contaminated Dog Foods for household or business use, and not for resale (the “Minnesota Class”);

All persons who are citizens of the State of Florida who, from July 1, 2013, to the present, purchased the Contaminated Dog Foods for household or business use, and not for resale (the “Florida Class”);

All persons who are citizens of the State of New York who, from July 1, 2013, to the present, purchased the Contaminated Dog Foods for household or business use, and not for resale (the “New York Class”);

All persons who are citizens of the State of Colorado who, from July 1, 2013, to the present, purchased the Contaminated Dog Foods for household or business use, and not for resale (the “Colorado Class”);

All persons who are citizens of the State of Illinois who, from July 1, 2013, to the present, purchased the Contaminated Dog Foods for household or business use, and not for resale (the “Illinois Class”);

All persons who are citizens of the State of Massachusetts who, from July 1, 2013, to the present, purchased the Contaminated Dog Foods for household or business use, and not for resale (the “Massachusetts Class”);

All persons who are citizens of the State of Iowa who, from July 1, 2013, to the present, purchased the Contaminated Dog Foods for household or business use, and not for resale (the “Iowa Class”);

All persons who are citizens of the State of Washington who, from July 1, 2013, to the present, purchased the Contaminated Dog Foods for household or business use, and not for resale (the “Washington Class”);

All persons who are citizens of the State of Alaska who, from July 1, 2013, to the present, purchased the Contaminated Dog Foods for household or business use, and not for resale (the “Alaska Class”);

All persons who are citizens of the State of Michigan who, from July 1, 2013, to the present, purchased the Contaminated Dog Foods for household or business use, and not for resale (the “Michigan Class”); and

All persons who are citizens of the State of Wisconsin who, from July 1, 2013, to the present, purchased the Contaminated Dog Foods for household or business use, and not for resale (the “Wisconsin Class”) (collectively “Classes”).


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95. Excluded from the Classes are the Defendants, any parent companies,

subsidiaries, and/or affiliates, officers, directors, legal representatives, employees, co-

conspirators, all governmental entities, and any judge, justice, or judicial officer presiding

over this matter.

96. This action is brought and may be properly maintained as a class action.

There is a well-defined community of interests in this litigation and the members of the

Classes are easily ascertainable.

97. The members in the proposed Classes are so numerous that individual joinder

of all members is impracticable, and the disposition of the claims of the members of all

Classes members in a single action will provide substantial benefits to the parties and

Court.

98. Questions of law and fact common to Plaintiffs and the Classes include, but

are not limited to, the following:

(a) whether Defendants owed a duty of care to Plaintiffs and the Classes;

(b) whether Defendants knew or should have known that the Contaminated Dog Foods contained heavy metals;

(c) whether Defendants knew or should have known that the Contaminated Dog Foods contained BPA;

(d) whether Defendants wrongfully represented and continue to represent that the Contaminated Dog Foods are natural, fit for human consumption, fit for canine consumption, and made from “Biologically Appropriate” and “Fresh Regional Ingredients” consisting entirely of fresh meat, poultry, fish, and vegetables;

(e) whether Defendants wrongfully represented and continue to represent that the Contaminated Dog Foods are healthy, superior quality, nutritious and safe for consumption;

(f) whether Defendants wrongfully represented and continue to represent that the Contaminated Dog Foods are natural;


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(g) whether Defendants wrongfully represented and continue to represent that the Contaminated Dog Foods are pure and safe;

(h) whether Defendants wrongfully represented and continue to represent that the manufacturing of the Contaminated Dog Foods is subjected to rigorous standards, including temperature;

(i) whether Defendants wrongfully failed to state that the Contaminated Dog Foods contained heavy metals and/or BPA;

(j) whether Defendants’ representations in advertising, warranties, packaging, and/or labeling are false, deceptive, and misleading;

(k) whether those representations are likely to deceive a reasonable consumer;

(l) whether a reasonable consumer would consider the presence of heavy metals and/or BPA as a material fact in purchasing pet food;

(m) whether Defendants had knowledge that those representations were false, deceptive, and misleading;

(n) whether Defendants continue to disseminate those representations despite knowledge that the representations are false, deceptive, and misleading;

(o) whether a representation that a product is healthy, superior quality, nutritious and safe for consumption and does not contain arsenic and/or lead is material to a reasonable consumer;

(p) whether Defendants’ representations and descriptions on the labeling of the Contaminated Dog Foods are likely to mislead, deceive, confuse, or confound consumers acting reasonably;

(q) whether Defendants violated various state laws, including California, Minnesota, Florida, New York, Colorado, Illinois, Massachusetts, Iowa, Washington, Alaska, Michigan, and Wisconsin;

(r) whether Defendants breached their express warranties;

(s) whether Defendants breached their implied warranties;

(t) whether Defendants engaged in unfair trade practices;

(u) whether Defendants engaged in false advertising;

(v) whether Defendants made negligent and/or fraudulent misrepresentations and/or omissions;


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(w) whether Plaintiffs and the members of the Classes are entitled to actual, statutory, and punitive damages; and

(x) whether Plaintiffs and members of the Classes are entitled to declaratory and injunctive relief.

99. Defendants engaged in a common course of conduct giving rise to the legal

rights sought to be enforced by Plaintiffs individually and on behalf of the other members

of the Classes. Identical statutory violations and business practices and harms are involved.

Individual questions, if any, are not prevalent in comparison to the numerous common

questions that dominate this action.

100. Plaintiffs’ claims are typical of those of the members of the Classes in that

they are based on the same underlying facts, events, and circumstances relating to

Defendants’ conduct.

101. Plaintiffs will fairly and adequately represent and protect the interests of the

Classes, have no interests incompatible with the interests of the Classes, and have retained

counsel competent and experienced in class action, consumer protection, and false

advertising litigation.

102. Class treatment is superior to other options for resolution of the controversy

because the relief sought for each member of the Classes is small such that, absent

representative litigation, it would be infeasible for members of the Classes to redress the

wrongs done to them.

103. Questions of law and fact common to the Classes predominate over any

questions affecting only individual members of the Classes.

104. As a result of the foregoing, class treatment is appropriate.


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CLAIMS FOR RELIEF

COUNT I Violations of California's Consumer Legal Remedies Act, California Civil Code

§§1750, Et Seq., Against Defendants on Behalf of the California Class

105. Plaintiff Reitman incorporates by reference and realleges each and every

allegation contained above, as though fully set forth herein.

106. Plaintiff Reitman and each California Class member is a "consumer," as that

term is defined in California Civil Code section 1761(d).

107. The Contaminated Dog Foods are "goods," as that term is defined in

California Civil Code section 1761(a).

108. Defendants are a "person" as that term is defined in California Civil Code

section 1761(c).

109. Plaintiff Reitman and each proposed California Class member's purchase of

Defendants' products constituted a "transaction," as that term is defined in California Civil

Code section 1761(e).

110. Defendants' conduct alleged herein violates the following provisions of

California's Consumer Legal Remedies Act (the "CLRA"):

(a) California Civil Code section 1770(a)(5), by negligently, recklessly, and/or intentionally representing that the Contaminated Dog Foods are nutritious, superior quality, pure, natural, healthy and safe for consumption and by failing to make any mention of the heavy metals and or BPA in the Contaminated Dog Foods;

(b) California Civil Code section 1770(a)(7), by negligently, recklessly,

and/or intentionally representing that the Contaminated Dog Foods were of a particular standard, quality, or grade, when they were of another;

(c) California Civil Code section 1770(a)(9), by negligently, recklessly,

and/or intentionally advertising the Contaminated Dog Foods with intent not to sell them as advertised; and


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(d) California Civil Code section 1770(a)(16), by representing that the Contaminated Dog Foods have been supplied in accordance with previous representations when they have not.

111. On March 7, 2018, counsel for Plaintiff Reitman and the California Class

sent Defendants written notice (via U.S. certified mail, return receipt requested) that they

are in violation of the CLRA by selling the Contaminated Pet Foods containing substances

including arsenic, lead, mercury, cadmium, and BPA while claiming, among other things,

that the Contaminated Pet Foods are “biologically appropriate.”

112. Defendants failed to provide appropriate relief for their violations of CLRA

sections 1770(a)(5), (7), (9), and (16) within thirty days of receipt of Plaintiffs’ March 7,

2018, notification. In accordance with CLRA section 1782(b), Plaintiffs and the California

Class are entitled, under CLRA section 1780, to recover and obtain the following relief for

Defendants’ violations of CLRA sections 1770(a)(5), (7), (9), and (16):

(a) Actual damages under CLRA section 1780(a)(1);

(b) Restitution of property under CLRA section 1780(a)(3);

(c) Punitive damages under CLRA section 1780(a)(4) and because Defendants have engaged in fraud, malice, or oppression; and

(d) Any other relief the Court deems proper under CLRA section 1780(a)(5).

113. As a direct and proximate result of these violations, Plaintiff Reitman and the

California Class have been harmed, and that harm will continue unless Defendants are

enjoined from using the misleading marketing described herein in any manner in

connection with the advertising and sale of the Contaminated Dog Foods.


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114. Plaintiff Reitman seek an award of attorneys' fees pursuant to, inter alia,

California Civil Code section 1780(e) and California Code of Civil Procedure section

1021.5.

COUNT II Violations of California False Advertising Law, California Business

& Professions Code §§17500, Et Seq., Against Defendants on Behalf of the California Class



116. California's False Advertising Law prohibits any statement in connection

with the sale of goods "which is untrue or misleading." Cal. Bus. & Prof. Code §17500.

117. As set forth herein, Defendants' claims that the Contaminated Dog Foods are

nutritious, superior quality, pure, natural, healthy and safe for consumption are literally

false and likely to deceive the public.

118. Defendants' claims that the Contaminated Dog Foods are nutritious, of

superior quality, pure, natural, healthy and safe for consumption are untrue or misleading,

as is failing to make any mention of heavy metals and/or BPA in the Contaminated Dog

Foods.

119. Defendants knew, or reasonably should have known, that all these claims

were untrue or misleading.

120. Defendants' conduct is ongoing and continuing, such that prospective

injunctive relief is necessary, especially given Plaintiffs' desire to purchase these products

in the future if they can be assured that, so long as the Contaminated Dog Foods are, as


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advertised, nutritious, superior quality, pure, natural, healthy and safe for consumption and

do not contain the heavy metals and/or BPA

121. Plaintiffs and members of the California Class are entitled to injunctive and

equitable relief, and restitution in the amount they spent on the Contaminated Dog Foods.

COUNT III Violations of the Unfair Competition Law, California Business

& Professions Code §§17200, Et Seq., Against Defendants on Behalf of the California Class



123. The Unfair Competition Law prohibits any "unlawful, unfair or fraudulent

business act or practice." Cal. Bus. & Prof. Code §17200.

Fraudulent

124. Defendants' statements that the Contaminated Dog Foods are nutritious,

superior quality, pure, natural, healthy and safe for consumption are literally false and

likely to deceive the public, as is Defendants' failing to make any mention of heavy metals

and/or BPA in the Contaminated Dog Foods.

Unlawful

125. As alleged herein, Defendants have advertised the Contaminated Dog Foods

with false or misleading claims, such that Defendants' actions as alleged herein violate at

least the following laws:

• The CLRA, California Business & Professions Code sections 1750, et seq.;

and

• The False Advertising Law, California Business & Professions Code


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sections 17500, et seq.

Unfair

126. Defendants' conduct with respect to the labeling, packaging, advertising,

marketing, and sale of the Contaminated Dog Foods is unfair because Defendants' conduct

was immoral, unethical, unscrupulous, or substantially injurious to consumers and the

utility of its conduct, if any, does not outweigh the gravity of the harm to its victims.


marketing, and sale of the Contaminated Dog Foods is also unfair because it violates public

policy as declared by specific constitutional, statutory, or regulatory provisions, including,

but not limited to, the False Advertising Law and the CLRA.


marketing, and sale of the Contaminated Dog Foods is also unfair because the consumer

injury is substantial, not outweighed by benefits to consumers or competition, and not one

consumers, themselves, can reasonably avoid.

129. In accordance with California Business & Professions Code section 17203,

Plaintiffs seek an order enjoining Defendants from continuing to conduct business through

fraudulent or unlawful acts and practices and to commence a corrective advertising

campaign. Defendants' conduct is ongoing and continuing, such that prospective injunctive

relief is necessary.

130. On behalf of herself and the California Class, Plaintiff also seeks an order for

the restitution of all monies from the sale the Contaminated Dog Foods, which were

unjustly acquired through acts of fraudulent, unfair, or unlawful competition.


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COUNT IV Violation of the Minnesota Commercial Feed Law Minn. Stat. § 25.31, et seq.

Against Defendants on Behalf of the Minnesota Class

131. Plaintiff Song incorporates by reference and realleges each and every


132. The Contaminated Dog Foods manufactured, distributed, marketed, and sold

by Defendants are “commercial feed” within the meaning of the Minnesota Commercial

Feed Law (MCFL).

133. The Contaminated Dog Foods are “misbranded”, within the meaning of the

MCFL, because it is, as described above, false, misleading, and deceptive with respect to

the Contaminated Dog Foods’ ingredients, composition, and suitability, they are.

134. The Contaminated Dogs Foods are “adulterated”, within the meaning of the

MCFL, because:

(a) They contain poisonous and deleterious substances rendering them injurious to the health of pets; and

(b) Their composition and quality fall below and differ from that which their labels purport and represent to process.

135. Defendants’ manufacture and distribution of these adulterated and

misbranded Contaminated Dog Foods are prohibited by and violations of the MCFL.

136. As a result of Defendants’ conduct, Plaintiff Song and the Minnesota Class

have suffered actual damages in that they have purchased Contaminated Dog Foods that is

worth less than the price they paid and that they would not have purchased at all had they

known of the presence of heavy metals and/or BPA. There is an association between

Defendants’ acts and omissions as alleged herein and the damages suffered by Plaintiffs

and the Minnesota Class.


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137. As a direct and proximate result of Defendants’ violations of the MCFL,

Plaintiff Song and the Minnesota Class have been injured, and that harm will continue

unless Defendants are enjoined from manufacturing, distributing, marketing and selling the

misbranded and adulterated Contaminated Dog Foods described herein.

138. Pursuant to Minn. Stat. § 8.31, subd. 3a, Plaintiffs and the Minnesota Class

seek actual damages, equitable relief, attorneys’ fees, costs, and any other just and proper

relief available thereunder for Defendants’ violations of the MCFL.

COUNT V Violation of Minnesota Unlawful Trade Practices Act Minn. Stat. § 325D.13, et seq.

Against Defendants on behalf of the Minnesota Class



140. Defendants are “persons” within the meaning of the Minnesota Unlawful

Trade Practices Act (MUTPA).

141. Defendants violated the MUTPA by knowingly misrepresenting the true

quality and ingredients of the Contaminated Dog Foods by falsely claiming, on both the

labels and their websites, that their Contaminated Dog Foods are:

(a) natural, fit for human consumption, fit for canine consumption, and made from “Biologically Appropriate” and “Fresh Regional Ingredients” consisting entirely of fresh meat, poultry, fish, and vegetables;

(b) contain “only 1 supplement – zinc;”

(c) “provid[e] a natural source of virtually every nutrient your dog needs to thrive;” and

(d) “guaranteed to keep your dog healthy, happy and strong.”


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142. Defendants knew or should have known that the Contaminated Dog Foods

did not have the quality and ingredients described above because they contain levels of

various heavy metals and/or BPA.

143. Defendants’ misrepresentations, concealment, omissions, and other

deceptive conduct were likely to deceive or cause misunderstanding and did in fact deceive

Plaintiff Song and the Minnesota Class with respect to the Contaminated Dog Foods’

quality, ingredients, and suitability for consumption by dogs.

144. Defendants intended that Plaintiff Song and the Minnesota Class would rely

on Defendants’ misrepresentations, concealment, warranties, deceptions, and/or omissions

regarding the Contaminated Dog Foods’ quality, ingredients, and suitability for

consumption by dogs.

145. Defendants’ conduct and omissions described herein occurred repeatedly in

Defendants’ trade or business and were capable of deceiving a substantial portion of the

consuming public.

146. The facts concealed or not disclosed by Defendants were material facts in

that Plaintiff and any reasonable consumer would have considered them in deciding

whether to purchase the Contaminated Dog Foods. Had Plaintiff Song known the

Contaminated Dog Foods did not have the quality and ingredients advertised by

Defendants, she would not have purchased the Contaminated Dog Foods.

147. Defendants intended that Plaintiff Song would rely on the deception by

purchasing the Contaminated Dog Foods, unaware of the undisclosed material facts. This

conduct constitutes consumer fraud.


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148. Defendants’ unlawful conduct is continuing, with no indication that

Defendants intend to cease this fraudulent course of conduct.





Defendants’ acts and omissions as alleged herein and the damages suffered by Plaintiff and

the Minnesota Class.

150. As a direct and proximate result of Defendants’ violations of the MUTPA,

Plaintiff Song and the Minnesota Class have been injured, and that harm will continue

unless Defendants are enjoined from misrepresenting the quality and ingredients of their

Contaminated Dog Foods described herein.

151. Pursuant to Minn. Stat. § 8.31, subd. 3a, and § 325D.15, Plaintiff Song and

the Minnesota Class seek actual damages, injunctive and declaratory relief, attorneys’ fees,

costs, and any other just and proper relief available thereunder for Defendants’ violations

of the MUTPA.

COUNT VI Violation of Minnesota Uniform Deceptive Trade Practices Act

Minn. Stat. § 325D.43, et seq. Against Defendants on behalf of the Minnesota Class



153. Defendants are “persons” within the meaning of the Minnesota Uniform

Deceptive Trade Practices Act (MUDTPA).


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154. Defendants willingly engaged in deceptive trade practices, in violation of the

MUDTPA, by:

(a) representing that their Contaminated Dog Foods have characteristics, ingredients, uses, and benefits that they do not have;

(b) representing that their Contaminated Dog Foods are of a superior standard, quality, and grade when they contain levels of various heavy metals and/or BPA; and

(c) representing that their Contaminated Dog Foods are of a natural when they contain BPA.


did not have the ingredients, uses, and benefits described herein because they contain levels

of various heavy metals and/or levels of BPA.


were not of a superior standard, quality, or grade because they contain levels of various

heavy metals and/or BPA that a reasonable consumer would consider material.


were not natural because they contain material levels of BPA.



Plaintiff Song and the Minnesota Class with respect to the Contaminated Dog Foods’

ingredients, uses, benefits, standards, quality, grade, and suitability for consumption by

dogs.

159. Defendants intended that Plaintiff and the Minnesota Class would rely on

Defendants’ misrepresentations, concealment, warranties, deceptions, and/or omissions


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regarding the Contaminated Dog Foods’ ingredients, uses, benefits, standards, quality,

grade, and suitability for consumption by dogs.



consuming public.


that Plaintiffs and any reasonable consumer would have considered them in deciding

whether to purchase the Contaminated Dog Foods. Had Plaintiff Song known the



162. Defendants intended that Plaintiff Song and the Minnesota Class would rely

on the deception by purchasing the Contaminated Dog Foods, unaware of the undisclosed

material facts. This conduct constitutes consumer fraud.






known of levels of heavy metals and BPA. There is an association between Defendants’

acts and omissions as alleged herein and the damages suffered by Plaintiffs.

165. As a direct and proximate result of Defendants’ violations of the MUDTPA,

Plaintiff and the Minnesota Class have been injured, and that harm is likely to continue

unless Defendants are enjoined from misrepresenting the ingredients, uses, benefits,


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standards, quality, grade, and suitability for consumption by dogs of their Contaminated

Dog Foods described herein.

166. Pursuant to Minn. Stat. § 8.31, subd. 3a, and § 325D.45, Plaintiffs and the

Class seek actual damages, injunctive and declaratory relief, attorneys’ fees, costs, and any

other just and proper relief available thereunder for Defendants’ violations of the

MUDTPA.

COUNT VII Violation of Minnesota False Statement in Advertising Act

Minn. Stat. § 325F.67, et seq. Against Defendants on Behalf of the Minnesota Class



168. Plaintiff Song purchased “goods”, specifically the Contaminated Dog Foods

discussed herein, is a “person” within the meaning of the False Statement in Advertising

Act (FSAA).

169. Plaintiff Song purchased the Contaminated Dog Foods through advertising

that contained numerous material assertions representations, and statements of fact made,

published, disseminated, circulated, and placed before the public by Defendants that were

untrue, deceptive, and misleading.

170. By engaging in the conduct herein, Defendants violated and continue to

violate Minn. Stat. § 325F.67.

171. Defendants' misrepresentations, knowing omissions, and use of other sharp

business practices include, by way of example, representations that the Contaminated Dog

Foods are:


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172. Defendants, including its agents and distributors, also made untrue,

deceptive, and misleading assertions and representations about the Contaminated Dog

Foods by making and repeating the various statements about the alleged quality,

characteristics, and capabilities of the Contaminated Dog Foods referenced herein.

173. As a result of Defendants’ conduct, Plaintiff and the Minnesota Class have

suffered actual damages in that they have purchased Contaminated Dog Foods that is worth

less than the price they paid and that they would not have purchased at all had they known

of the presence of heavy metals and/or BPA. There is an association between Defendants’

acts and omissions as alleged herein and the damages suffered by Plaintiffs.

174. As a direct and proximate result of Defendants’ violations of the FSAA,

Plaintiff Song and the Minnesota Class have been injured, and that harm is likely to

continue unless Defendants are enjoined from misrepresenting the ingredients, uses,

benefits, standards, quality, grade, and suitability for consumption by dogs of their

Contaminated Dog Foods described herein.

175. Pursuant to Minn. Stat. § 8.31, subd. 3a, and § 325F.67, Plaintiff Song and



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of the FSAA.

COUNT VIII Violation of Minnesota Prevention of Consumer Fraud

Act Minn. Stat. § 325F.68, et seq. Against Defendants on Behalf of the Minnesota Class



177. Plaintiff Song is a resident of the State of Minnesota.

178. Defendants are “persons” within the meaning of the Minnesota Prevention

of Consumer Fraud Act (MPCFA).

179. Defendants’ advertisements and representations with respect to the

Contaminated Dog Foods were made in connection with the sale of the Contaminated Dog

Foods to Plaintiff Song and the Minnesota Class.

180. Defendants knowingly acted, used, and employed fraud, false pretenses, false

promises, misrepresentations, misleading statements, and deceptive practices in connection

with the sale of their Contaminated Dog Foods. Specifically, Defendants falsely

represented that its Contaminated Dog Foods are:






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181. Defendants intended for Plaintiff Song and the Minnesota Class to rely on

and accept as true these advertisements and representations in deciding whether to purchase

the Contaminated Dog Foods.

182. Defendants’ unfair or deceptive acts or practices were likely to deceive

reasonable consumers about the Contaminated Dog Foods’ quality, ingredients, fitness for

consumption and, by extension, the true value of the Contaminated Dog Foods. Plaintiff

Song and the Minnesota Class relied on, and were in fact deceived by, Defendants’

advertisements and representations with respect to the Contaminated Dog Foods’ quality,

ingredients, and fitness for consumption in deciding to purchase them over competitors’

dog foods.




known of the levels of heavy metals and/or BPA. There is an association between

Defendants’ acts and omissions as alleged herein and the damages suffered by Plaintiff

Song.

184. As a direct and proximate result of Defendants’ violations of the MPCFA,

Plaintiff Song and the Minnesota Class have been injured, and that harm is likely to

continue unless Defendants are enjoined from misrepresenting the quality, ingredients, and

fitness for consumption of their Contaminated Dog Foods described herein.

185. Pursuant to Minn. Stat. § 8.31, subd. 3a, and § 325F.67, Plaintiff Song and



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of the MPCFA.

COUNT IX Violation of New York General Business Law § 349

186. Plaintiff Colangelo incorporates by reference and realleges each and every


187. Plaintiff Colangelo and the New York class members are “persons” within

the meaning of N.Y. Gen. Bus. § 349(h).

188. Each Defendant is a “person, firm, corporation or association or agent or

employee thereof” within the meaning of N.Y. Gen. Bus. § 349(b).

189. Defendants are exclusive distributor of Contaminated Dog Foods, thereby

creating a marketing partnership.

190. Under the New York Deceptive Acts & Practices Statute, “[d]eceptive acts

and practices in the conduct of any business, trade or commerce or in the furnishing of any

service” are unlawful. N.Y. Gen. Bus. § 349.

191. Defendants engaged in deceptive acts and practices in the conduct of

business, trade, and commerce by manufacturing, distributing, marketing, and selling

Contaminated Dog Foods to class members. Defendants’ claims that the Contaminated

Dog Foods are nutritious, of superior quality, pure, natural, healthy and safe for

consumption are untrue or misleading, as it fails to make any mention of heavy metals

and/or BPA in the Contaminated Dog Foods.


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192. Defendants had exclusive knowledge of the fact that Contaminated Dog

Foods are healthy and safe for consumption. Defendants failed to disclose these facts

despite having a duty to disclose this material information to Plaintiffs and class members.

193. Plaintiff Colangelo and the New York class members were unaware, and did

not have reasonable means of discovering, the material facts that Defendants both

misrepresented and failed to disclose.

194. Defendants’ failure to disclose material facts concerning performance and

the fact that Contaminated Dog Foods is unsafe and does not work as represented was

misleading in a material respect because a reasonable consumer acting reasonably under

the circumstances would have been misled by Defendants' conduct.

195. Defendants’ failure to disclose these material facts and their deceptive

conduct induced Plaintiff Colangelo and the proposed New York class members to

purchase Contaminated Dog Foods and pay a premium price for it.

196. These acts and practices were consumer-oriented because they had a broad

impact on consumers at large, affecting all purchasers of Contaminated Dog Foods,

including purchasers in the State of New York.

197. As a direct and proximate result of Defendants’ unlawful methods, acts, and

practices, Plaintiff Colangelo and the proposed New York class members were injured

because, among other reasons, they purchased Contaminated Dog Foods and did not

receive the full value of their purchase.

198. Defendants’ acts and practices were willful and knowing.

199. Plaintiff Colangelo and the New York class members are entitled to

injunctive relief, recovery of actual damages or fifty dollars per violation (whichever is


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greater), treble damages up to one thousand dollars, and their reasonable costs and

attorneys' fees. See N.Y. Gen. Bus. § 349(h).

COUNT X Violation of New York General Business Law § 350

200. Plaintiff Colangelo incorporates by reference and realleges each and every


201. Defendants’ labeling and advertisements contain untrue and materially

misleading statements concerning Contaminated Dog Foods. Specifically, Defendants’

claims that the Contaminated Dog Foods are nutritious, of superior quality, pure, natural,

healthy and safe for consumption are untrue or misleading, as it fails to make any mention

of heavy metals and/or BPA in the Contaminated Dog Foods.

202. Defendants made these material, untrue, and misleading statements and

misrepresentations in their advertising and Contaminated Dog Foods's packaging and

labeling. Defendants made these untrue and misleading statements and representations

willfully, wantonly, and with reckless disregard for the truth.

203. Defendants’ material misrepresentations were substantially uniform in

content, presentation, and impact upon consumers at large, including purchasers of

Contaminated Dog Foods in the State of New York. Moreover, all consumers purchasing

Contaminated Dog Foods were and continue to be exposed to Defendants’ material

misrepresentations.

204. Plaintiff Colangelo and the New York class members were induced to

purchased Contaminated Dog Foods by Defendants’ advertising, packaging, and labeling.

They have been injured as they relied upon the labeling, packaging, and advertising and


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paid a premium for the Contaminated Dog Foods, which does not have the characteristics

set forth in Defendants’ advertising. Accordingly, Plaintiff Colangelo and the New York

class members received less than what they bargained and paid for.

205. As a result of Defendants’ recurring and unlawful deceptive acts and

practices, Plaintiff Colangelo and the New York class members are entitled to monetary,

compensatory, treble and punitive damages; injunctive relief, restitution, and disgorgement

of all moneys obtained by means of Defendants’ unlawful conduct; and interest, attorneys’

fees, and costs.

COUNT XI Breach of Express Warranty Against Defendants on Behalf of the Classes

206. Plaintiffs incorporate by reference and reallege each and every allegation

contained above, as though fully set forth herein.

207. Defendants marketed and sold their Contaminated Dog Foods into the stream

of commerce with the intent that the Contaminated Dog Foods would be purchased by

Plaintiffs and the Classes.

208. c Defendants expressly warranted, advertised, and represented to Plaintiffs

and the Class that their Contaminated Dog Foods are:



(c) nutritious, superior quality, pure, natural, healthy and safe for consumption;

(d) “provid[e] a natural source of virtually every nutrient your dog needs to thrive;” and


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(e) “guaranteed to keep your dog healthy, happy and strong.”

209. Defendants made these express warranties regarding the Contaminated Dog

Foods’ quality, ingredients, and fitness for consumption in writing through their website,

advertisements, and marketing materials and on the Contaminated Dog Foods’ packaging

and labels. These express warranties became part of the basis of the bargain Plaintiffs and

the Classes entered into upon purchasing the Contaminated Dog Foods.

210. Defendants’ advertisements, warranties, and representations were made in

connection with the sale of the Contaminated Dog Foods to Plaintiffs and the Classes.

Plaintiffs and the Classes relied on Defendants’ advertisements, warranties, and

representations regarding the Contaminated Dog Foods in decided whether to purchase

Defendants’ products.

211. Defendants’ Contaminated Dog Foods do not conform to Defendants’

advertisements, warranties and representations in that they:

(a) are not natural or suitable for consumption by humans or canines;

(b) contain levels of various heavy metals; and

(c) contain levels of BPA.

212. Defendants were on notice of this breach as they were aware of the included

heavy metals and/or BPA in the Contaminated Dog Foods and based on the public

investigation by the Clean Label Product that showed their dog food products as unhealthy.

213. Privity exists because Defendants expressly warranted to Plaintiffs and the

Classes that the Contaminated Dog Foods were natural, suitable for consumption, and

contained only meat, poultry, fish, and/or vegetables, and guaranteed to keep dogs healthy,

happy, and strong.


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214. As a direct and proximate result of Defendants’ conduct, Plaintiffs and the

Classes have suffered actual damages in that they have purchased Contaminated Dog

Foods that is worth less than the price they paid and that they would not have purchased at

all had they known of the presence of heavy metals, and/or BPA.

215. Plaintiffs and the Classes seek actual damages, injunctive and declaratory

relief, attorneys’ fees, costs, and any other just and proper relief available thereunder for

Defendants’ failure to deliver goods conforming to their express warranties and resulting

breach.

COUNT XII Violation Of The Florida Deceptive And Unfair Trade Practices Fl. Stat. 501.201-

501.213, Against Defendants On Behalf Of The Florida Class

216. Plaintiff Clapp incorporates by reference each preceding and succeeding

paragraph as though fully set forth at length herein.

217. This is an action for relief under Section 501.201, et seq., Florida Statutes

(The Florida Deceptive and Unfair Trade Practices Act).

218. The purpose of the Florida Deceptive and Unfair Trade Practices Act

(“FDUTPA”) is “to protect the consuming public and legitimate business enterprises from

those who engage in unfair methods of competition, or unconscionable, deceptive, or unfair

acts or practices in the conduct of any trade or commerce.” FLA. STAT. § 501.202 (2).

219. Section 501.203(7), Florida Statutes defines “Consumer” as “an individual;

child, by and through its parent or legal guardian; firm; association; joint venture;

partnership; estate; trust; business trust; syndicate; fiduciary; corporation; or any other

group or combination.” Plaintiff Clapp and the Florida Class are “Consumers” within the

meaning of § 501.203(7), Florida Statutes.


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220. Section 501.203(8), Florida Statutes defines “Trade or Commerce” as “[T]he

advertising, soliciting, providing, offering, or distributing, whether by sale, rental, or

otherwise, of any good or service, or any property, whether tangible or intangible, or any

other article, commodity, or thing of value, wherever situated.” “Trade or Commerce”

includes “the conduct of any trade or commerce, however denominated, including any

nonprofit or not-for-profit person or activity.” The advertising, soliciting, providing,

offering, or distribution of the Contaminated Dog Foods to Plaintiffs and the Florida Class

is “Trade or Commerce” within the meaning of section 501.203(8), Florida Statutes.

221. Section 501.204(1) provides that “unfair methods of competition,

unconscionable acts or practices, and unfair or deceptive acts or practices in the conduct of

any trade or commerce are hereby declared unlawful.”

222. Defendants have engaged in unfair competition and unfair, unlawful or

fraudulent business practices by the practices described above, and by knowingly,

intentionally and/or negligently concealing from Plaintiff Clapp and the Florida Class the

fact that the Contaminate Dog Foods contained heavy metals and/or BPA, which was not

readily discoverable. Defendants should have disclosed this information because it was in

a superior position to know the true facts related true make-up and ingredients of the

Contaminated Dog Foods, and Plaintiff Clapp and the Florida Class could not reasonably

be expected to learn or discover the true facts related to nutritional make-up, ingredients

and/or quality of the Contaminated Dog Foods.

223. The unconscionable, illegal, unfair and deceptive acts and practices of

Defendants violate the provisions of Florida’s Deceptive and Unfair Trade Practices Act.


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224. As a direct and proximate result of Defendant’s acts and omissions, Plaintiff

Clapp and the Florida Class have suffered or will suffer damages for which they are entitled

to relief pursuant to section 501.211(2), Florida Statutes, and which include, without

limitation, a full refund for the Contaminated Dog Foods they have purchased, all of which

constitute cognizable damages under the Florida Deceptive and Unfair Trade Practices Act

501.201, et seq.

225. Plaintiff Clapp and Florida are entitled to recover their reasonable attorneys’

fees pursuant to section 501.2105, Florida Statutes upon prevailing in this matter.

COUNT XIII Breach of Implied Warranty of Merchantability Against

Defendants on Behalf of the Classes



227. Defendants are merchants engaging in the sale of goods to Plaintiffs and the

Class.

228. There was a sale of goods from Defendants to Plaintiffs and the members of

the Classes.

229. At all times mentioned herein, Defendants manufactured or supplied the

Contaminated Dog Foods, and prior to the time the Contaminated Dog Foods were

purchased by Plaintiffs and the Classes, Defendants impliedly warranted to them that the

Contaminated Dog Foods were of merchantable quality, fit for their ordinary use

(consumption by dogs), and conformed to the promises and affirmations of fact made on

the Contaminated Dog Foods’ containers and labels, including that the food was:


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230. Plaintiffs and the Classes relied on Defendants’ promises and affirmations of

fact when they purchased the Contaminated Dog Foods.

231. The Contaminated Dog Foods were not fit for their ordinary use,

consumption by dogs, and did not conform to Defendants’ affirmations of fact and

promises as they contained heavy metals and/or BPA at material levels to a reasonable

consumer.

232. The Contaminated Dog Foods that Defendants delivered to Plaintiffs and the

Class also did not conform to affirmations of fact that they were natural because they

contained the industrial chemical BPA.

233. Defendants breached the implied warranties by selling the Contaminated

Dog Foods that failed to conform to the promises or affirmations of fact made on the

container or label as each product contained heavy metals and/or BPA.

234. Defendants were on notice of this breach as they were aware of the heavy

metals and/or BPA included in the Contaminated Dog Foods and CORE Ocean, and based

on the public investigation by the Clean Label Product that showed their dog food products

as unhealthy.


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235. Privity exists because Defendants impliedly warranted to Plaintiffs and the

Classes through the warranting, packaging, advertising, marketing, and labeling that the

Contaminated Dog Foods healthy, natural, and suitable for consumption and by failing to

make any mention of heavy metals or BPA.


Class have suffered actual damages in that they have purchased Contaminated Dog Foods

that is worth less than the price they paid and that they would have not have purchased at

all had they known of the presence of heavy metals and/or BPA.


relief, attorneys’ fees, costs, and any other just and proper relief available thereunder for

Defendants’ failure to deliver goods conforming to their implied warranties and resulting

breach.

COUNT XIV Fraudulent Misrepresentation Against Defendants on

Behalf of the Classes



239. Defendants falsely represented to Plaintiffs and the Classes that their

Contaminated Dog Foods are:





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240. Defendants intentionally and knowingly made these misrepresentations to

induce Plaintiffs and the Classes to purchase their Contaminated Dog Foods.

241. Defendants knew that their representations about the Contaminated Dog

Foods were false in that the Contaminated Dog Foods contain levels of heavy metals and/or

BPA as well as chemical ingredients. Defendants allowed their packaging, labels,

advertisements, promotional materials, and website to intentionally mislead consumers,

such as Plaintiffs and the Classes.

242. Plaintiffs and the Classes did in fact rely on these misrepresentations and

purchased the Contaminated Dog Foods to their detriment. Given the deceptive manner in

which Defendants advertised, represented and otherwise promoted the Contaminated Dog

Foods, Plaintiffs and the Classes’ reliance on Defendants’ misrepresentations was

justifiable.






relief, attorneys’ fees, costs, and any other just and proper relief available under the laws.


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COUNT XV Fraud by Omission Against Defendants on Behalf of the

Classes



246. Defendants concealed from and failed to disclose to Plaintiffs and the Classes

that their Contaminated Dog Foods contained heavy metals and/or BPA.

247. Defendants further concealed from and failed to disclose to Plaintiffs and the

Classes that their Contaminated Dog Foods contained chemical ingredients.

248. Defendants were under a duty to disclose to Plaintiffs and members of the

Classes the true quality, characteristics, ingredients and suitability of the Contaminated

Dog Foods because: (1) Defendants were in a superior position to know the true state of

facts about their product; (2) Defendants were in a superior position to know the actual

ingredients, characteristics, and suitability of the Contaminated Dog Foods; and (3)

Defendants knew that Plaintiffs and the Classes could not reasonably have been expected

to learn or discover that the Contaminated Dog Foods were misrepresented in the

packaging, labels, advertising, and website prior to purchasing the Contaminated Dog

Foods.

249. The facts concealed or not disclosed by Defendants to Plaintiffs and the

Classes are material in that a reasonable consumer would have considered them to be

important in deciding whether to purchase the Contaminated Dog Foods.

250. Plaintiffs and the Classes justifiably relied on the omissions of Defendants to

their detriment. The detriment is evident from the true quality, characteristics, and


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ingredients of the Contaminated Dog Foods, which is inferior than advertised and

represented by Defendants.







COUNT XVI Negligent Misrepresentation Against Defendants on

Behalf of the Classes



254. Defendants had a duty to Plaintiffs and the Classes to exercise reasonable

and ordinary care in the formulation, testing, formulation, manufacture, marketing,

distribution, and sale of the Contaminated Dog Foods.

255. Defendants breached their duty to Plaintiffs and the Classes by formulating,

testing, manufacturing, advertising, marketing, distributing, and selling a product to

Plaintiffs that is does not have the ingredients, qualities, characteristics, and suitability for

consumption that Defendants’ advertised and by failing to promptly remove the

Contaminated Dog Foods from the marketplace or to take other appropriate remedial

action.

256. Defendants knew or should have known that the ingredients, qualities, and

characteristics of the Contaminated Dog Foods were not as advertised or suitable for their


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intended use, consumption by dogs, and was otherwise not as warranted and represented

by Defendants. Specifically, Defendants knew or should have known that: (1) the certain

of the Contaminated Dog Foods were not natural because they contained levels of the

chemical BPA; (2) the Contaminated Dog Foods were not nutritious, superior quality, pure,

natural, healthy and safe for consumption because they contained high levels of heavy

metals; and (3) and the Contaminated Dog Foods were otherwise not as warranted and





all had they known they contained heavy metals and/or BPA.


relief, attorneys’ fees, costs, and any other just and proper relief available.

COUNT XVII Unjust Enrichment Against Defendants on Behalf of the

Classes



260. Substantial benefits have been conferred on Defendants by Plaintiffs and the

Classes through the purchase of the Contaminated Dog Foods. Defendants knowingly and

willingly accepted and enjoyed these benefits.

261. Defendants either knew or should have known that the payments rendered

by Plaintiffs were given and received with the expectation that the Contaminated Dog

Foods would have the qualities, characteristics, ingredients, and suitability for


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consumption represented and warranted by Defendants. As such, it would be inequitable

for Defendants to retain the benefit of the payments under these circumstances.

262. Defendants’ acceptance and retention of these benefits under the

circumstances alleged herein make it inequitable for Defendants to retain the benefits

without payment of the value to Plaintiffs and the Classes.

263. Plaintiffs and the Classes are entitled to recover from Defendants all amounts

wrongfully collected and improperly retained by Defendants, plus interest thereon.



COUNT XVIII Violation of Colorado Consumer Protection Act, Col. Rev. Stat. § 6-1-101, et seq. Against Defendants on Behalf of the

Colorado Class

265. Plaintiff Jerding incorporates by reference and realleges each and every


266. Defendants are “persons” within the meaning of the Colorado Consumer

Protection Act.

267. Defendants violated the Colorado Consumer Protection Act by knowingly

misrepresenting the true quality and ingredients of the Contaminated Dog Foods by falsely

claiming, on both the labels and their websites, that their Contaminated Dog Foods are:





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268. Defendants made these deceptive statements and misrepresentations in the

course of their business as manufacturers and sellers of the Contaminated Dog Foods.






Plaintiff Jerding and the Colorado Class with respect to the Contaminated Dog Foods’

quality, ingredients, and suitability for consumption by dogs.

271. Defendants intended that Plaintiff Jerding and the Colorado Class would rely






consuming public.


that Plaintiff and any reasonable consumer would have considered them in deciding

whether to purchase the Contaminated Dog Foods. Had Plaintiff Jerding known the




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274. Defendants intended that Plaintiff Jerding would rely on the deception by





276. As a result of Defendants’ conduct, Plaintiff Jerding and the Colorado Class




Defendants’ acts and omissions as alleged herein and the damages suffered by Plaintiff

Jerding and the Colorado Class.

277. As a direct and proximate result of Defendants’ violations of the Colorado

Consumer Protection Act, Plaintiff Jerding and the Colorado Class have been injured, and

that harm will continue unless Defendants are enjoined from misrepresenting the quality

and ingredients of their Contaminated Dog Foods described herein.

COUNT XIX Violation of Michigan Consumer Protection Act, Mich. Comp. Laws Ann. § 445.901, et seq. Against Defendants

on Behalf of the Michigan Class

278. Plaintiff Shaker incorporate by reference and reallege each and every


279. Defendants violated the Michigan Consumer Protection Act by knowingly

misrepresenting the true quality and ingredients of the Contaminated Dog Foods by falsely

claiming, on both the labels and their websites, that their Contaminated Dog Foods are:


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280. Defendants made these deceptive statements and misrepresentations in the

conduct of trade or commerce as manufacturers and sellers of the Contaminated Dog

Foods.




282. Defendants’ pattern of knowing misrepresentations, concealment, omissions,

and other deceptive conduct were likely to deceive or cause misunderstanding and did in

fact deceive Plaintiff Shaker and the Michigan Class with respect to the Contaminated Dog

Foods’ quality, ingredients, and suitability for consumption by dogs.

283. Defendants intended that Plaintiff Shaker and the Michigan Class would rely






consuming public.


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that Plaintiff Shaker and any reasonable consumer would have considered them in deciding

whether to purchase the Contaminated Dog Foods. Had Plaintiff Shaker known the


Defendants, they would not have purchased the Contaminated Dog Foods for their

personal, family, or household use.

286. Defendants intended that Plaintiff Shaker would rely on the deception by





288. As a result of Defendants’ conduct, Plaintiff Shaker and the Michigan Class



known of the presence of heavy metals and/or BPA.

289. There is an association between Defendants’ acts and omissions as alleged

herein and the damages suffered by Plaintiff Shaker and the Michigan Class.

290. As a direct and proximate result of Defendants’ violations of the Michigan

Consumer Protection Act, Plaintiff Shaker and the Michigan Class have been injured, and

that harm will continue unless Defendants are enjoined from misrepresenting the quality

and ingredients of their Contaminated Dog Foods described herein.


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COUNT XX Violation of Wisconsin Deceptive Trade Practices Act,

Wisc. Stat. Ann. § 100.18, Against Defendants on Behalf of the Wisconsin Class

291. Plaintiff Weaver incorporates by reference and realleges each and every


292. The Wisconsin Deceptive Trade Practices Act (“WDTPA”), Wis. Stat. Ann.

§ 100.18, makes it unlawful to, inter alia, make any representation or statement of fact in

connection with the sale of any merchandise that is “untrue, deceptive or misleading.”

293. Defendants violated the WDTPA by representing to consumers that the

Contaminated Dog Foods were of a particular quality while Defendants knew or should

have known that they were of another. Defendants represented to the public, including

Plaintiff Weaver and the Wisconsin Class, that the Contaminated Dog Foods were

nutritious, superior quality, pure, natural, healthy and safe for consumption while failing

to make any mention of the heavy metals and/or BPA in the Contaminated Dog Foods.

294. Defendants’ misrepresentations were made to promote the sale of the

Contaminated Dog Foods to the public, including Plaintiff Weaver and the Wisconsin

Class. Defendants’ misrepresentations to the public about the Contaminated Dog Foods

include that they are:




(d) “guaranteed to keep your dog healthy, happy and strong.


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295. As a direct and proximate result of Defendants’ violations of the WDTPA,

Plaintiff Weaver and the Wisconsin Class have suffered actual damages in that they have

purchased Contaminated Dog Foods that is worth less than the price they paid and that they

would not have purchased at all had they known of the presence of heavy metals and/or

BPA. There is an association between Defendants’ acts and omissions as alleged herein

and the damages suffered by Plaintiff Weaver and the Wisconsin Class.

296. Pursuant to the WDTPA, Plaintiff Weaver and the Wisconsin Class seek

actual damages, attorneys’ fees, costs, and any other just and proper relief available

thereunder for Defendants’ violations of the WDTPA.

COUNT XXI Violations of Illinois Consumer Fraud and Deceptive Business Practices Act, 815 Ill.

Comp. Stat. 505/1 et seq Against Defendant on Behalf of the Subclass

297. Plaintiff Chernik incorporates by reference and realleges every allegation set

forth in the preceding Paragraphs, as if set forth fully herein.

298. The conduct described in this Complaint constitutes a violation of the Illinois

Consumer Fraud and Deceptive Business Practices Act, 815 Ill. Comp. Stat. 505/1 et seq.

(hereinafter, “ICFA”).

299. Defendants engaged in a deceptive act or practice in violation of the ICFA

by knowingly misrepresenting, concealing, or failing to disclose the Contaminated Dog

Foods’ true quality, ingredients, and suitability for consumption by dogs.

300. Specifically, Defendants falsely claim, on both their labels and their

websites, that their Contaminated Dog Foods are:

a. Natural, fit for human consumption, fit for canine consumption, and made from “Biologically Appropriate” and “Fresh Regional Ingredients” consisting entirely of fresh meat, poultry, fish, and vegetables;


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b. Contain “only 1 supplement – zinc”; c. “[P]rovid[e] a natural source of virtually every nutrient your dog needs to

thrive”; and d. “[G]uaranteed to keep your dog healthy, happy and strong.” 301. Defendants’ unlawful conduct is continuing.

302. Defendants intended for Plaintiff Chernik and the Illinois Class Members to

rely on and accept as true these advertisements and representations in deciding whether to

purchase the Contaminated Dog Foods, and at what price.


deceptive conduct were likely to deceive consumers with respect to the Contaminated Dog

Foods’ quality, ingredients, and suitability for consumption by dogs.


deceptive conduct were likely to cause consumers to purchase and/or overpay for the

Contaminated Dog Foods.


deceptive acts occurred before Plaintiff Chernik and the Illinois Class decided to purchase

the Contaminated Dog Foods.


deceptive conduct did in fact deceive Plaintiff Chernik and the Illinois Class with respect

to the Contaminated Dog Foods’ quality, ingredients, and suitability for consumption by

dogs.


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deceptive conduct did in fact deceive and cause Plaintiff Chernik and the Illinois Class

members to purchase the Contaminated Dog Foods.


deceptive conduct did in fact deceive and cause Plaintiff and the Illinois Class members to

purchase and/or overpay for the Contaminated Dog Foods.


deceptive conduct described herein repeatedly occurred in Defendants’ trade or business

and were capable of deceiving a substantial portion of the consuming public.

310. The facts misrepresented, concealed, or not disclosed by Defendants with

respect to the presence of heavy metals and/or BPA are material facts because Plaintiff

Chernik and any reasonable consumer would have considered those facts important in

deciding whether to purchase the Contaminated Dog Foods, and at what price.

311. If Plaintiff Chernik and the Illinois Class Members had known that the

Contaminated Dog Foods did not in fact match the quality and ingredients described above,

they would not have paid the price premium they paid for the Contaminated Dog Foods.

312. If Plaintiff Chernik and the Illinois Class Members had known that the

Contaminated Dog Foods did not in fact match the quality and ingredients described above,

they would not have purchased the Contaminated Dog Foods at all.

313. As a result of Defendants’ conduct, Plaintiff Chernik and the Illinois Class

Members have suffered actual damages, in that they purchased Contaminated Dog Foods

at a price far greater than they would have paid if they had knowledge of the levels of heavy

metals and/or BPA present in the Contaminated Dog Foods.


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314. As a result of Defendants’ conduct, Plaintiff Chernik and the Illinois Class

Members have suffered actual damages, in that they purchased Contaminated Dog Foods

that they would not have purchased at all if they had knowledge of the levels of heavy

metals and/or BPA present in the Contaminated Dog Foods.

315. As a direct and proximate result of the deceptive, misleading, unfair, and

unconscionable practices of the Defendants set forth above, Plaintiff Chernik and Illinois

Class Members are entitled to actual damages, compensatory damages, penalties,

attorney’s fees, and costs, as set forth in Section 10a of the ICFA.

316. Defendants’ deceptive, misleading, unfair and unconscionable practices set

forth above were done willfully, wantonly and maliciously entitling Plaintiff Chernik and

the Illinois Class Members to an award of punitive damages.

COUNT XXII Breach of Express Warranty, ALM GL Ch. 106 § 2-313 Against Defendants on

Behalf of the Massachusetts Class

317. Plaintiff Berry incorporates by reference and realleges each and every


318. Defendants expressly warranted, advertised, and represented to Plaintiff

Berry and the Massachusetts Subclass that their Contaminated Dog Foods are:


b. Contain “only 1 supplement- zinc;”

c. Nutritious, superior quality, pure, natural, healthy, and safe for consumption;

d. “Provid[e] a natural source of virtually every nutrient your dog needs to

thrive; and


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e. “Guaranteed to keep your dog healthy, happy, and strong.”

319. Defendants made these express warranties regarding the quality, ingredients,

and fitness for consumption of the Contaminated Dog Foods in writing through their

website, advertisements, and marketing on the Contaminated Dog Foods’ packaging and

labels.

320. These express warranties became part of the basis of the bargain Plaintiff

Berry and the Massachusetts Subclass entered in to upon purchasing the Contaminated Dog

Foods.


connection with the sale of the Contaminated Dog Foods to Plaintiff Berry and the

Massachusetts Subclass, who relied on Defendants’ advertisements, warranties, and

representations regarding the Contaminated Dog Foods in deciding whether to purchase

the Defendants’ products.

322. Defendants’ Contaminated Dog Foods do not conform to the Defendants’

advertisements, warranties, and representations in that they:

a. Are not natural or suitable for consumption by humans or canines;

b. Contain levels of various heavy metals; and

c. Contain levels of BPA.

323. Defendants marketed and sold their Contaminated Dog Foods in to the

stream of commerce with the intent and reasonable expectation that the Contaminated Dog

Foods would be purchased by Plaintiff Berry and the members of the Massachusetts

Subclass.


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324. On the basis of these express warranties, Defendants sold the Contaminated

Dog Foods to Plaintiff Berry and the members of the Massachusetts Subclass.

325. Defendants were on notice of this breach as they were aware of the presence

of heavy metals and/or BPA in the Contaminated Dog Foods and based on the public

investigation by the Clean Label Project that showed their dog food products as unhealthy.

326. As a direct and proximate result of Defendants’ conduct, Plaintiff Berry and

the Massachusetts Subclass suffered actual damages in that they have purchased

Contaminated Dog Foods that is worth less than the price they paid and that they would

not have purchased at all had they known of the presence of the heavy metals and/or BPA.

327. Plaintiff Berry and the Massachusetts Subclass, seek actual damages,

injunctive and declaratory relief, attorney’s fees, costs, and any other just and proper relief

available thereunder for Defendants’ failure to deliver goods conforming to their express

warranties and resulting breach.

COUNT XXIII Breach of Implied Warranty of Merchantability, ALM GL Ch. 106 § 2-314 Against

Defendants on Behalf of the Massachusetts Class



329. Defendants are merchants engaging in the sale of goods, such as the

Contaminated Dog Foods, to Plaintiff Berry and the members of the Massachusetts

Subclass.

330. There was a sale of goods from Defendants to Plaintiff Berry and the

Massachusetts Subclass.


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purchased by Plaintiff Berry and the Massachusetts Subclass, Defendants impliedly

warranted to them that the Contaminated Dog Foods were of merchantable quality, fit for

their ordinary purpose (consumption by dogs), and conformed to the promises and

affirmations made on the Contaminated Dog Foods’ containers and labels, including that

the food was:





thrive; and

e. “”Guaranteed to keep your dog healthy, happy, and strong.” 332. Plaintiff Berry and the Massachusetts Subclass relied on Defendants’

promises and affirmations of fact when they purchased the Contaminated Dog Foods.

333. The Contaminated Dog Foods were not fit for their ordinary purpose,


promises as they contained heavy metals and/or BPA at material levels.

334. The Contaminated Dog Foods that Defendants delivered to Plaintiff Berry

and the Massachusetts Subclass also did not conform to the affirmations of fact that they

were natural because they contained the industrial chemical BPA.


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Dog Foods that failed to conform to the promises and affirmations of fact made on the

container or label as they contained heavy metals and/or BPA.


metals and/or BPA present in the Contaminated Dog Foods and based on the public

investigation by the Clean Label Project that showed their dog food products were

unhealthy.

337. Defendants marketed and sold their Contaminated Dog Foods in to the

stream of commerce with the intent and reasonable expectation that the Contaminated Dog

Foods would be purchased by Plaintiff Berry and the members of the Massachusetts

Subclass.


the Massachusetts Subclass have suffered actual damages in that they have purchased

Contaminated Dog Foods that are worth less than the price they paid and that they would

not have purchased at all had they known of the presence of heavy metals and/or BPA.

339. Plaintiff Berry and the Massachusetts Subclass seek actual damages,

injunctive and declaratory relief, attorney’s fees, costs, and any other just and proper relief

available thereunder for Defendants’ failure to deliver goods that conform to their implied

warranties and resulting breach.

COUNT XXIV Negligent Misrepresentation Against Defendants on Behalf of the Massachusetts

Class 340. Plaintiff Berry incorporates by references and realleges each and every



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341. Defendants had a duty to Plaintiff Berry and the members of the

Massachusetts Subclass to exercise reasonable and ordinary care in the formulation,

testing, manufacture, marketing, distribution, and sale of the Contaminated Dog Foods.

342. Defendants breached their duty to Plaintiff Berry and the members of the

Massachusetts Subclass by formulating, testing, manufacturing, advertising, marketing,

distributing, and selling products to Plaintiff Berry and the members of the Massachusetts

Subclass that do not contain the ingredients, qualities, characteristics, and are not suitable

for consumption as advertised by Defendants and by failing to promptly remove the

Contaminated Dog Foods from the marketplace or to take other appropriate remedial

action.



intended use, consumption by dogs, and were otherwise not as warranted and represented




natural, healthy, and safe for consumption because they contained various levels of heavy






not have purchased at all had they known they contained heavy metals and/or BPA.


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injunctive and declaratory relief, attorneys’ fees, costs, and any other just and proper relief

available.

COUNT XXV Intentional Misrepresentation Against Defendants on Behalf of the Massachusetts

Class



347. Defendants falsely represented to Plaintiff Berry and the Massachusetts

Subclass that their Contaminated Dog Foods are:





thrive; and

e. “Guaranteed to keep your dog healthy, happy, and strong.” 348. Defendants intentionally made these misrepresentations to induce Plaintiff

Berry and the Massachusetts Subclass to purchase their Contaminated Dog Foods.

349. Defendants knew, should have known, or had the ability to reasonably

determine that such material representations of fact on their websites and in their

advertising and marketing were false or misleading or would have the tendency to be

misleading.


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350. Defendants knew or should have known about the presence of heavy metals

and/or BPA in the Contaminated Dog Foods and were on notice of such inclusions based

on the public investigation by the Clean Label Project that showed their dog food products

as unhealthy.

351. Defendants knew, should have known, or had the ability to reasonably

determine that their representations about the Contaminated Dog Foods were false because

the Contaminated Dog Foods contain levels of heavy metals and/or BPA. Defendants

allowed their packaging, labels, advertisements, promotional materials, and website to

intentionally mislead consumers, including Plaintiff Berry and the Massachusetts Subclass.

352. Plaintiff Berry and the Massachusetts Subclass did in fact rely on these

misrepresentations and purchased the Contaminated Dog Foods to their detriment. Given

the deceptive manner in which Defendants advertised, represented, and otherwise

promoted the Contaminated Dog Foods, Plaintiff Berry and the Massachusetts Subclass’

reliance on Defendants’ misrepresentations was justifiable.



available under the laws.

COUNT XXVI Fraudulent Misrepresentation Against Defendants on Behalf of the Massachusetts

Subclass



355. Defendants falsely represented to Plaintiff Berry and the Massachusetts

Subclass that their Contaminated Dog Foods are:


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thrive; and

e. “”Guaranteed to keep your dog healthy, happy, and strong.” 356. Defendants intentionally and knowingly made these misrepresentations to

induce Plaintiff Berry and the Massachusetts Subclass to purchase their Contaminated Dog

Foods.

357. Defendants knew about the presence of heavy metals and/or BPA in the

Contaminated Dog Foods and were on notice of such inclusions based on the public

investigation by the Clean Label Project that showed their dog food products as unhealthy.



BPA. Defendants allowed their packaging, labels, advertisements, promotional materials,

and website to intentionally mislead consumers, including Plaintiff Berry and the

Massachusetts Subclass.

359. Plaintiff Berry and the Massachusetts Subclass did in fact rely on these


the deceptive manner in which Defendants advertised, represented, and otherwise

promoted the Contaminated Dog Foods, Plaintiff Berry and the Massachusetts Subclass’



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available under the laws.

COUNT XXVII Violations of Washington's Unfair Business Practices and Consumer Protection Act,

Washington Rev. Code §§19.86.010, Et Seq., Against Defendants on Behalf of the Washington Class

362. Plaintiff Rydman incorporates by reference and realleges each and every


363. This is an action for relief under the Washington Unfair Business Practices

and Consumer Protection Act, Washington Rev. Code sections 19.86.010, et seq. (the

"WCPA").

364. Defendants, Plaintiff Rydman and each Washington Class member are each

a "person," as that term is defined in Washington Code section § 19.86.010(1).

365. Defendants engaged in "trade" or "commerce" under Washington Code

section § 19.86.010(2)

366. The WCPA states that “[u]nfair methods of competition and unfair or

deceptive acts or practices in the conduct of any trade or commerce are hereby declared

unlawful.” Wash. Code § 19.86.020.


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367. Defendants have engaged in unfair competition and unfair, unlawful,

deceptive or fraudulent business practices by the practices described above, and by

knowingly, intentionally and/or negligently concealing from Plaintiff Rydman and the

Washington Class the fact that the Contaminated Dog Foods contained heavy metals and/or

BPA, which was not readily discoverable. Defendants should have disclosed this

information because it was in a superior position to know the true facts related true make-

up and ingredients of the Contaminated Dog Foods, and Plaintiff Rydman and the

Washington Class could not reasonably be expected to learn or discover the true facts

related to nutritional make-up, ingredients and/or quality of the Contaminated Dog Foods.


Defendants violate the WCPA.

369. Pursuant to WCPA § 19.86.095, Plaintiff Rydman will serve the Washington

Attorney General with a copy of this complaint as Plaintiff Rydman and the Washington

Class members seek injunctive relief.

370. As a direct and proximate result of Defendants' conduct, Plaintiff Rydman

and the Washington Class have been damaged in an amount to be proven at trial, which

shall include, but is not limited to, all compensatory damages, incidental and consequential

damages, attorneys’ fees, costs, treble damages, and other damages allowed by law.

COUNT XXVIII Fraudulent Misrepresentation Against Defendants on

Behalf of the Washington Class




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372. Defendants falsely represented to Plaintiff Rydman and the Washington

Class that their Contaminated Dog Foods are:






373. These false representations were material to Plaintiff Rydman and the

Washington Class.







such as Plaintiff Rydman and the Washington Class.

376. Plaintiff Rydman and the Washington Class were ignorant of the falsity of

the representations made by Defendants about the Contaminated Dog Foods.

377. Plaintiff Rydman and the Washington Class did in fact rely on the truth of

these misrepresentations and purchased the Contaminated Dog Foods to their detriment.

Given the deceptive manner in which Defendants advertised, represented and otherwise


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promoted the Contaminated Dog Foods, Plaintiff Rydman and the Washington Class’


378. As a direct and proximate result of Defendants’ conduct, Plaintiff Rydman

and the Washington Class have suffered actual damages in that they have purchased



379. Plaintiff Rydman and the Washington Class seek actual damages, injunctive

and declaratory relief, attorneys’ fees, costs, and any other just and proper relief available

under the laws.

COUNT XXIX Negligent Misrepresentation Against Defendants on

Behalf of the Washington Class



381. Defendants had a duty to Plaintiff Rydman and the Washington Class to

exercise reasonable and ordinary care in the formulation, testing, formulation,

manufacture, marketing, distribution, and sale of the Contaminated Dog Foods.

382. Defendants breached their duty to Plaintiff Rydman and the Washington

Class by formulating, testing, manufacturing, advertising, marketing, distributing, and

selling a product to Plaintiffs in the course of its business that did not have the ingredients,

qualities, characteristics, and suitability for consumption that Defendants’ advertised and

by failing to promptly remove the Contaminated Dog Foods from the marketplace or to

take other appropriate remedial action.


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represented by Defendants. As such, Defendants failed to exercise reasonable care or

competence.

384. Plaintiff Rydman and the Washington Class did in fact rely on these


the negligent manner in which Defendants advertised, represented and otherwise promoted

the Contaminated Dog Foods, Plaintiff Rydman and the Washington Class’ reliance on

Defendants’ misrepresentations was justifiable.





386. Plaintiff and the Washington Class seek actual damages, injunctive and

declaratory relief, attorneys’ fees, costs, and any other just and proper relief available.


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COUNT XXX (Breach of Express Warranty, Washington Code § 62A.2-313,

Against Defendant on Behalf of the Washington Class)





Plaintiff Rydman and the Washington Class.

389. Defendants expressly warranted, advertised, and represented to Plaintiffs and

the Class that their Contaminated Dog Foods are:









and labels. These express warranties became part of the basis of the bargain Plaintiff

Rydman and the Washington Class entered into upon purchasing the Contaminated Dog

Foods.


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connection with the sale of the Contaminated Dog Foods to Plaintiff Rydman and the

Washington Class. Plaintiff Rydman and the Washington Class relied on Defendants’

advertisements, warranties, and representations regarding the Contaminated Dog Foods in

decided whether to purchase Defendants’ products.









394. Privity exists because Defendants expressly warranted to Plaintiff Rydman

and the Washington Class that the Contaminated Dog Foods were natural, suitable for

consumption, and contained only meat, poultry, fish, and/or vegetables, and guaranteed to

keep dogs healthy, happy, and strong.




not have purchased at all had they known of the presence of heavy metals, and/or BPA.




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thereunder for Defendants’ failure to deliver goods conforming to their express warranties

and resulting breach.

COUNT XXXI (Breach of Implied Warranty of Merchantability, Washington Code § 62A.2-314,

Against Defendant on Behalf of the Washington Class)



398. Defendants are merchants engaging in the sale of goods to Plaintiff Rydman

and the Washington Class.

399. There was a sale of goods from Defendants to Plaintiff Rydman and members

of the Washington Class.



purchased by Plaintiff Rydman and the Washington Class, Defendants impliedly warranted

to them that the Contaminated Dog Foods were of merchantable quality, fit for their

ordinary use (consumption by dogs), and conformed to the promises and affirmations of

fact made on the Contaminated Dog Foods’ containers and labels, including that the food

was:






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401. Plaintiff [NAME] and the Washington Class relied on Defendants’ promises

and affirmations of fact when they purchased the Contaminated Dog Foods.




consumer.

403. The Contaminated Dog Foods that Defendants delivered to Plaintiff Rydman

and the Washington Class also did not conform to affirmations of fact that they were natural

because they contained the industrial chemical BPA.





metals and/or BPA included in the Contaminated Dog Foods, and based on the public


406. Privity exists because Defendants impliedly warranted to Plaintiff Rydman

and the Washington Class through the warranting, packaging, advertising, marketing, and

labeling that the Contaminated Dog Foods healthy, natural, and suitable for consumption

and by failing to make any mention of heavy metals or BPA.




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have not have purchased at all had they known of the presence of heavy metals and/or BPA.



thereunder for Defendants’ failure to deliver goods conforming to their implied warranties


COUNT XXXII Violations of Alaska's Unfair Trade Practices and Consumer Protection Act, Alaska

Statutes §§ 45.50.471, Et Seq., Against Defendants on Behalf of the Alaska Class

409. Plaintiff Pedersen incorporates by reference and realleges each and every


410. This is an action for relief under the Alaska Unfair Trade Practices and

Consumer Protection Act, Alaska Statutes sections 45.50.471, et seq. (the "ACPA").

411. Plaintiff Pedersen and each Alaska Class member is a "consumer," as that

term is defined in Alaska Statutes section § 45.50.561(a)(4).

412. The ACPA states that “[u]nfair methods of competition and unfair or

deceptive acts or practices in the conduct of trade or commerce are declared to be

unlawful.” Alaska Stat. § 45.50.471(a).

413. Defendants conduct alleged herein has violated the ACPA by engaging in the

following "unfair methods of competition" and "unfair or deceptive acts or practices"

specified under the ACPA:

(a) Alaska Statutes section 45.50.471(b)(4), representing that the Contaminated Dog Foods have sponsorship, approval, characteristics, ingredients, uses, benefits, or quantities that they do not have;


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(b) Alaska Statutes section 45.50.471(b)(6), representing that the Contaminated Dog Foods are of a particular standard, quality, or grade;

(c) Alaska Statutes section 45.50.471(b)(8), advertising the Contaminated

Dog Foods with intent not to sell them as advertised;

(d) Alaska Statutes section 45.50.471(b)(11), engaging in any other conduct creating a likelihood of confusion or of misunderstanding and that misleads, deceives, or damages a buyer or a competitor in connection with the sale or advertisement of the Contaminated Dog Foods; and

(e) Alaska Statutes section 45.50.471(b)(12), using or employing deception,

fraud, false pretense, false promise, misrepresentation, or knowingly concealing, suppressing, or omitting a material fact with intent that others rely upon the concealment, suppression, or omission in connection with the sale or advertisement of the Contaminated Dog Foods whether or not a person has in fact been misled, deceived, or damaged.


Defendants violate the ACPA.

415. As a direct and proximate result of these violations, Plaintiff Pedersen and

the Alaska Class have been harmed, and that harm will continue unless Defendants are

enjoined from using the misleading marketing described herein in any manner in

connection with the advertising and sale of the Contaminated Dog Foods.

416. In accordance with Alaska Statutes section 45.50.531(a), Plaintiffs and the

California Class are entitled to recover three times their actual damages or $500, whichever

is greater, and the court may provide other relief it considers necessary and proper.

417. Plaintiff Pedersen also seeks an award of attorneys' fees and costs pursuant

to, inter alia, Alaska Statutes section 45.50.537(a).


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COUNT XXXIII Fraudulent Misrepresentation Against Defendants on

Behalf of the Alaska Class



419. Defendants falsely represented to Plaintiff Pedersen and the Alaska Class

that their Contaminated Dog Foods are:












such as Plaintiff Pedersen and the Alaska Class.

422. Plaintiff Pedersen and the Alaska Class did in fact rely on these


the deceptive manner in which Defendants advertised, represented and otherwise promoted


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the Contaminated Dog Foods, Plaintiff Pedersen and the Alaska Class’ reliance on


423. As a direct and proximate result of Defendants’ conduct, Plaintiff Pedersen

and the Alaska Class have suffered actual damages in that they have purchased



424. Plaintiff Pedersen and the Alaska Class seek actual damages, injunctive and

declaratory relief, attorneys’ fees, costs, and any other just and proper relief available under

the laws.

COUNT XXXIV Negligent Misrepresentation Against Defendants on

Behalf of the Alaska Class



426. Defendants had a duty to Plaintiff Pedersen and the Alaska Class to exercise

reasonable and ordinary care in the formulation, testing, formulation, manufacture,

marketing, distribution, and sale of the Contaminated Dog Foods.

427. Defendants breached their duty to Plaintiff Pedersen and the Alaska Class by

formulating, testing, manufacturing, advertising, marketing, distributing, and selling a

product to Plaintiffs in the course of its business that did not have the ingredients, qualities,

characteristics, and suitability for consumption that Defendants’ advertised and by failing

to promptly remove the Contaminated Dog Foods from the marketplace or to take other

appropriate remedial action.


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represented by Defendants. As such, Defendants failed to exercise reasonable care or

competence.

429. Plaintiff Pedersen and the Alaska Class did in fact rely on these



the Contaminated Dog Foods, Plaintiff Pedersen and the Alaska Class’ reliance on







declaratory relief, attorneys’ fees, costs, and any other just and proper relief available.


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COUNT XXXV (Breach of Express Warranty, Alaska Statutes § 45.02.313,

Against Defendant on Behalf of the Alaska Class)





Plaintiff Pedersen and the Alaska Class.












[NAME] and the Alaska Class entered into upon purchasing the Contaminated Dog Foods.


connection with the sale of the Contaminated Dog Foods to Plaintiff Pedersen and the


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Alaska Class. Plaintiff Pedersen and the Alaska Class relied on Defendants’

advertisements, warranties, and representations regarding the Contaminated Dog Foods in

decided whether to purchase Defendants’ products.









439. Privity exists because Defendants expressly warranted to Plaintiff Pedersen

and the Alaska Class that the Contaminated Dog Foods were natural, suitable for






not have purchased at all had they known of the presence of heavy metals, and/or BPA.


declaratory relief, attorneys’ fees, costs, and any other just and proper relief available




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COUNT XXXVI (Breach of Implied Warranty of Merchantability, Alaska Statutes § 45.02.314,

Against Defendant on Behalf of the Alaska Class)



443. Defendants are merchants engaging in the sale of goods to Plaintiff Pedersen

and the Alaska Class.

444. There was a sale of goods from Defendants to Plaintiff Pedersen and

members of the Alaska Class.



purchased by Plaintiff Pedersen and the Alaska Class, Defendants impliedly warranted to

them that the Contaminated Dog Foods were of merchantable quality, fit for their ordinary

use (consumption by dogs), and conformed to the promises and affirmations of fact made

on the Contaminated Dog Foods’ containers and labels, including that the food was:






446. Plaintiff Pedersen and the Alaska Class relied on Defendants’ promises and

affirmations of fact when they purchased the Contaminated Dog Foods.


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consumer.

448. The Contaminated Dog Foods that Defendants delivered to Plaintiff Pedersen

and the Alaska Class also did not conform to affirmations of fact that they were natural

because they contained the industrial chemical BPA.







451. Privity exists because Defendants impliedly warranted to Plaintiff Pedersen

and the Alaska Class through the warranting, packaging, advertising, marketing, and

labeling that the Contaminated Dog Foods healthy, natural, and suitable for consumption

and by failing to make any mention of heavy metals or BPA.




have not have purchased at all had they known of the presence of heavy metals and/or BPA.




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COUNT XXXVII Fraudulent Misrepresentation Against Defendants on

Behalf of the Iowa Class

454. Plaintiff Blackburn incorporates by reference and realleges each and every


455. Defendants falsely represented to Plaintiff Blackburn and the Iowa Class that

their Contaminated Dog Foods are:












such as Plaintiff Blackburn and the Iowa Class.


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458. Plaintiff Blackburn and the Iowa Class did in fact rely on these


the deceptive manner in which Defendants advertised, represented and otherwise promoted

the Contaminated Dog Foods, Plaintiff Blackburn and the Iowa Class’ reliance on


459. As a direct and proximate result of Defendants’ conduct, Plaintiff Blackburn

and the Iowa Class have suffered actual damages in that they have purchased Contaminated

Dog Foods that is worth less than the price they paid and that they would not have

purchased at all had they known of the presence of heavy metals and/or BPA.

460. Plaintiff Blackburn and the Iowa Class seek actual damages, injunctive and

declaratory relief, attorneys’ fees, costs, and any other just and proper relief available under

the laws.

COUNT XXXVIII Negligent Misrepresentation Against Defendants on

Behalf of the Iowa Class



462. Defendants had a duty to Plaintiff Blackburn and the Iowa Class to exercise

reasonable and ordinary care in the formulation, testing, formulation, manufacture,

marketing, distribution, and sale of the Contaminated Dog Foods.

463. Defendants breached their duty to Plaintiff Blackburn and the Iowa Class by

formulating, testing, manufacturing, advertising, marketing, distributing, and selling a

product to Plaintiffs that is does not have the ingredients, qualities, characteristics, and

suitability for consumption that Defendants’ advertised and by failing to promptly remove


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the Contaminated Dog Foods from the marketplace or to take other appropriate remedial

action.










465. Plaintiff Blackburn and the Iowa Class did in fact rely on these



the Contaminated Dog Foods, Plaintiff Blackburn and the Iowa Class’ reliance on







relief, attorneys’ fees, costs, and any other just and proper relief available.


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COUNT XXXIX (Breach of Express Warranty, Iowa Code § 554.2313,

Against Defendant on Behalf of the Iowa Class)





Plaintiff [NAME] and the Iowa Class.












Blackburn and the Iowa Class entered into upon purchasing the Contaminated Dog Foods.


connection with the sale of the Contaminated Dog Foods to Plaintiff Blackburn and the


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Iowa Class. Plaintiff Blackburn and the Iowa Class relied on Defendants’ advertisements,

warranties, and representations regarding the Contaminated Dog Foods in decided whether

to purchase Defendants’ products.









475. Privity exists because Defendants expressly warranted to Plaintiff Blackburn

and the Iowa Class that the Contaminated Dog Foods were natural, suitable for





Dog Foods that is worth less than the price they paid and that they would not have

purchased at all had they known of the presence of heavy metals, and/or BPA.






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COUNT XL (Breach of Implied Warranty of Merchantability, Iowa Statutes § 554.2314, Against

Defendant on Behalf of the Iowa Class)



479. Defendants are merchants engaging in the sale of goods to Plaintiff

Blackburn and the Iowa Class.

480. There was a sale of goods from Defendants to Plaintiff Blackburn and

members of the Iowa Class.



purchased by Plaintiff Blackburn and the Iowa Class, Defendants impliedly warranted to

them that the Contaminated Dog Foods were of merchantable quality, fit for their ordinary

use (consumption by dogs), and conformed to the promises and affirmations of fact made

on the Contaminated Dog Foods’ containers and labels, including that the food was:






482. Plaintiff Blackburn and the Iowa Class relied on Defendants’ promises and

affirmations of fact when they purchased the Contaminated Dog Foods.


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consumer.

484. The Contaminated Dog Foods that Defendants delivered to Plaintiff

Blackburn and the Iowa Class also did not conform to affirmations of fact that they were

natural because they contained the industrial chemical BPA.







487. Privity exists because Defendants impliedly warranted to Plaintiff Blackburn

and the Iowa Class through the warranting, packaging, advertising, marketing, and labeling

that the Contaminated Dog Foods healthy, natural, and suitable for consumption and by

failing to make any mention of heavy metals or BPA.



Dog Foods that is worth less than the price they paid and that they would have not have

purchased at all had they known of the presence of heavy metals and/or BPA.




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PRAYER FOR RELIEF

WHEREFORE, Plaintiffs, individually and on behalf of all others similarly situated,

pray for judgment against the Defendants as to each and every count, including:

A. An order declaring this action to be a proper class action, appointing

Plaintiffs and their counsel to represent the Classes, and requiring Defendants to bear the

costs of class notice;

B. An order enjoining Defendants from selling the Contaminated Dog Foods

until the levels of heavy metals and/or BPA are removed or full disclosure of the presence

of such appear on all labels, packaging and advertising;

C. An order enjoining Defendants from selling the Contaminated Dog Foods in

any manner suggesting or implying that they are healthy, natural, and safe for consumption;

D. An order requiring Defendants to engage in a corrective advertising

campaign and engage in any further necessary affirmative injunctive relief, such as

recalling existing products;

E. An order awarding declaratory relief, and any further retrospective or

prospective injunctive relief permitted by law or equity, including enjoining Defendants

from continuing the unlawful practices alleged herein, and injunctive relief to remedy

Defendants' past conduct;

F. An order requiring Defendants to pay restitution to restore all funds acquired

by means of any act or practice declared by this Court to be an unlawful, unfair, or


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fraudulent business act or practice, untrue or misleading advertising, or a violation of

California, Minnesota and Florida law, plus pre- and post-judgment interest thereon;

G. An order requiring Defendants to disgorge or return all monies, revenues,

and profits obtained by means of any wrongful or unlawful act or practice;

H. An order requiring Defendants to pay all actual and statutory damages

permitted under the counts alleged herein;

I. An order requiring Defendants to pay punitive damages on any count so

allowable;

J. An order awarding attorneys’ fees and costs, including the costs of pre-suit

investigation, to Plaintiffs and the Classes; and

K. An order providing for all other such equitable relief as may be just and

proper.

JURY DEMAND

Plaintiffs hereby demand a trial by jury on all issues so triable.

Dated: April 19, 2018 LOCKRIDGE GRINDAL NAUEN P.L.L.P. ROBERT K. SHELQUIST REBECCA A. PETERSON (241858)

/s Rebecca Peterson REBECCA A. PETERSON

100 Washington Avenue South, Suite 2200

Minneapolis, MN 55401 Telephone: (612) 339-6900 Facsimile: (612) 339-0981 E-mail: [email protected]

[email protected]


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ROBBINS ARROYO LLP KEVIN A. SEELY (199982) STEVEN M. MCKANY (271405) 600 B Street, Suite 1900 San Diego, CA 92101 Telephone: (619) 525-3990 Facsimile: (619) 525-3991 E-mail: [email protected]

[email protected]

GUSTAFSON GLUEK, PLLC

DANIEL E. GUSTAFSON KARLA M. GLUEK JOSEPH C. BOURNE (308196) RAINA C. BORRELLI Canadian Pacific Plaza 120 South 6th Street, Suite 2600 Minneapolis, MN 55402 Telephone: (612) 333-8844 Facsimile: (612) 339-6622 E-mail: [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

CUNEO GILBERT & LADUCA, LLP CHARLES LADUCA KATHERINE VAN DYCK 4725 Wisconsin Ave NW, Suite 200 Washington, DC 20016 Telephone: 202-789-3960 Facsimile: 202-789-1813 E-mail: [email protected] [email protected]


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LITE DEPALMA GREENBERG, LLC JOSEPH DEPALMA SUSANA CRUZ HODGE 570 Broad Street, Suite 1201 Newark, NJ 07102 Telephone: (973) 623-3000 E-mail: [email protected] [email protected]

STEPHENS & STEPHENS LLP CONRAD B. STEPHENS 505 South McClelland Street Santa Maria, CA 93454 Telephone: (805) 922-1951 E-mail: [email protected]

Attorneys for Plaintiffs
