Location Sound I QuickTime™ and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture. QuickTime™ and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompr are needed to see this pi QuickTime™ and a TIFF (Uncompressed) dec are needed to see this
Jan 01, 2016
Location Sound I
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Listening
http://soundess.wordpress.com/assignments/listening/
Properties of Sound
Back to basic physics…• When things vibrate, they cause air
molecules to move (sound waves). – If vibrations are fast enough, we perceive them,
with our ears and brain, as sound.– If they are slow enough,
we FEEL them,
not HEAR them.http://www.ltscotland.org.uk/5to14/resources/science/sound/solid.asp
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Properties of Sound
2. Amplitude (strength of wave)
- loudness/volume (intensity ~ light)
- dB measured in decibels
Sound is described with two measurements:
1. Frequency (speed of wave)
- Pitch (color ~ light)
- Measured in Hz (hertz)[sound waves demo]
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Range of human hearing: 20 Hz - 20,000 Hz (20kHz)
Human Speech:100 Hz - 3,000 Hz (3kHz)
Ocean waves: 20 Hz - 20,000 Hz
Properties of Sound
Pure tones, a single frequency
Noise - all frequencies
Human voice - numerous frequencies
This example: 200Hz , 250 Hz, 300 Hz, 400 Hz, 800 Hz, 1,600Hz
[sonic visualizer]
Room Acoustics
Sound travels spherically
Room AcousticsSound can get absorbed. - Carpets- Bodies- Furniture etc.
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Room AcousticsSound can be reflected
- hard walls, ceilings, floors Just like light reflects off mirrors
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Room AcousticsIn rooms, sound bounces off of things many times, and quickly. we perceive these reflections as reverb.
-gyms, bathrooms, and small Brooklyn apartment bedrooms are often very reverberant (why?)
Direct sound comes DIRECTLY from the sound source.-sounds ‘dry’, dead
Reverberant sound are the reflections.- sounds ‘wet’, foggy, smeared
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Room AcousticsWhen you’re on set recording sound:
Maximize DIRECT SOUND
Minimize REVERB
- Microphone close to sound source- Rooms with furniture and carpet- Sound blankets
Sound is Energy
• Beings as air pressure waves
• Microphones convert pressure waves to electricity (voltage)
• The 702T converts electricity (analog) to digital data.
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MICROPHONES!Mics have polar
patterns, or pick-up patterns. Many are directional.
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MICROPHONES!Polar patterns, or pick-up patterns
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Omni directional - all directions
MICROPHONES!Polar patterns, or pick-up patterns
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Cardiod: picks up sound from front and side, rejects sound from the back
MICROPHONES!Polar patterns, or pick-up patterns
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Mics reject different frequencies at different amounts
Shotgun: aka super/hyper cardiod QuickTime™ and a
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on/off axis response
CK91 and MKH 416
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(Beeps)
702T
• Peak Indicator (danger of overmodulating)• Ideal levels (for dialogue): average in yellow, peaks in the red
Review - what’s 48V? Headphone monitoring? Ideal levels?
In-class exercise: directional mics
Record with 2 mics: 416 (shotgun) and CK91 (cardiod)
Record a person talking from two positions, one position on-axis and the other position off axis, for both microphones.
Note if the person’s voice and/or the background sound changes depending on what angle the mic is pointed.
If you hear a change, what is the difference? Describe what you hear in your group’s last recording, which we will play back in class when you return (we’ll playback one recording per group).
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Sound Design: Role of Backgrounds & Ambiences
Backgrounds (BGs, ambiance, atmos)
‘provides the connective tissue for sound tracks,’ -Holman
‘the canvas upon which the entire motion picture soundtrack sit.’ -Yewdall
BGs, though usually not the focus, are always there.
Sound Design: Role of BGs
Utilitarian, provides a sense of:location time (day/night, modern day/period piece)Space/perspective
Storytelling, useful for:Setting moodManipulating the audience’s attentionForeshadowing an event (creates tension)
Assignment #2
http://soundess.wordpress.com/assignments/
• Read an article, forum post, blog entry, book chapter etc. about location sound recording or sound design.
http://soundess.wordpress.com/resources/
• Be prepared to tell the class one thing that struck you, or that you learned, in what you read.