LOCATION-BASED SERVICES Presented by Alan Reiter President, Wireless Internet & Mobile Computing [email protected] 301-715-3678.

LOCATION-BASED SERVICES

Presented by Alan ReiterPresident, Wireless Internet

& Mobile [email protected]

301-715-3678

JAN. 4: LOCATION-BASED SERVICES

• The multiple location technologies• Technology offers a variety of ways to pinpoint

locations of people and devices, from the common to state-of-the-art scary.  What are the pros and cons of different technologies:  RFID, cellular triangulation, WiFi, GPS?  And don't forget the new, more accurate tracking satellites as well as chips that already are implanted in humans.

RFID

• Several technologies• With or without a battery• 125KHz, 800 MHz, 900 MHz

• Multiple uses• Payment cards, passports,

toll roads• Tracking packages, animals,

library books, casino chips, clothing, vehicles, luggage

RFID

• Significant privacy, security concerns• Illegally downloading data• Hacking/changing data• Implantable humans

CELLULAR TRIANGULATION

• Radio triangulation used for decades• Compute distance/lag time

from cellular towers• Typically three towers, but one

or two also used• Google Maps - one

• Directional tower antennas can be more accurate

• Accuracy varies greatly – 25 meters – 1,000 meters

WIFI LOCATION

• Skyhook Wireless for iPhone

WIFI LOCATION

• Skyhook now integrates WiFi hotspots and cellular towers, plus GPS

SATELLITE LOCATION

• U.S. Global Positioning System• Russian GLONASS• European Galileo• Chinese COMPASS

U.S. GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM

• 30 satellites in medium Earth orbit• Two levels of accuracy:

• Civilian – Standard Positioning Service• Worst-case accuracy: 300 feet• But often 20 feet to 100 feet

• Military – Precise PositioningService• Encrypted, jam-resistant

U.S. GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM

• Concerns over health of GPSnetwork dismissed by the Air Force

• New generation of satellitesbeing launched• Accuracies of ten feet or less• Full complement around 2021

RUSSIA GLONASS

• GLObal'naya NAvigatsionnaya Sputnikovaya Sistema (GLObal NAvigation Satellite System)

• About 21 satellites, coveringRussia and most of the world

• In December 2010, three satellites crashed during launch

• Slightly less accurate than GPS• Possible 25% import duty on GPS-only

devices

CHINA COMPASS

• COMPASS (Beidou-2)• 35 satellites

• 27: medium Earth orbit• 5: geostationary• 3: highly-inclined

geosynchronous

CHINA COMPASS

• Similar to GPS, GLONASS• Military and civilian use

• Free service – accuracy to ten meters• Six or seven satellites launched• 2012: More than 10 satellites

• Covering China and nearby countries• 2020: Completed with 35 satellites

• Global coverage

EUROPE GALILEO

• Built by European Union and European Space Agency

• Ostensibly under civilian control• Many budget problems

• Reduced from 30 satellites to 18• Conflicts between the U.S. and Europe

over who would use Galileo

EUROPE GALILEO

• Accuracy was supposed to better than GPS and GLONASS• Accuracy of one meter

• Two levels of accuracy• Free for most public uses• Paid and encrypted for

businesses and military• Two to four satellites in 2012• Completed in 2018?

OTHER SYSTEMS

• Japan launches first locationsatellite in September 2010: Michibiki• First of three satellites• To cover areas GPS misses

• India plans location satellites• India Regional Navigation Satellite System

(IRNSS)• First launch planned late 2011• Seven satellites total

THANK YOU!

Alan [email protected]