Locally advanced and metastatic disease Eribulin mesylate (E7389): review of efficacy and tolerability Jennifer Foglietta Ospedale Santa Maria della Misericordia Perugia
Jan 05, 2016
Locally advanced and metastatic disease
Eribulin mesylate (E7389):
review of efficacy and tolerability
Jennifer Foglietta
Ospedale Santa Maria della Misericordia
Perugia
- Indications
- Structure of molecule
- Mechanism of action
- Clinical trials (phase II and III)- efficacy outcomes- safety
Eribulin mesylate (E7389)
Indications of eribulin
Eribulin is a microtubule inhibitor indicated for the treatment of patients with metastatic breast cancer who have previously received at least 2 chemotherapeutic regimens for the treatment of metastatic disease. Prior therapy should have included an anthracycline and a taxane in either the adjuvant or metastatic setting.
Eribulin: structure of molecule
Halichondria okadai
- Synthetic analogue of halichondrin B; natural product from marine sponge Halichondria okadai
- Tubulin-targeting agent
- Eribulin could be effective in patients with disease that is resistant to other tubulin-targeting-agents
Jordan MA, et al. Mol Cancer Ther. 2005;4:1086-1095.
Mechanism of action
Jordan MA, et al. Mol Cancer Ther. 2005;4:1086-1095. Jordan MA et al. Current Cancer Drug Targets. 2007; 7:730-742.
Growth of microtubules
Shortening of microtubules
SpindlePole
Polimerizzazione tubulina
No effect on depolymerization
2
Eribulin Blocks microtubule polymerization
1
Sequesters tubulin into non functional aggregates
Eribulin
EribulinEribulin
3
Eribulin
Different sites of action
Modified from Jordan MA and Wilson L. Nat Rev Cancer. 2004; 4:253-265. and Smith J. Biochemistry. 2010; 49:1331-1337.
Eribulina lega solo all’estremità in
crescita, (+) ends
Si lega lungo il lato esterno e lega le (+) ends
Legano le subunità β all’interno dei microtubuli
Paclitaxel, docetaxel e epothilone B
Inibisce solo l’allungamento Inibiscono l’allungamento e l’accorciamento dei microtubuli
VinblastinaEribulina
Phase II trials
Study 201: trial design
Vahdat LT, et al. J Clin Oncol. 2009;27:2954-2961.
Alternative schedule
Initial schedule
Eribulin mesylate 1.4 mg/m2 administered by IV for up to 5 min
Patients (N=103)● Advanced breast
cancer● Prior anthracycline
and taxane● Progression <6 months
of last chemotherapy● ECOG PS: 0-1● Pre-existing neuropathy
Grade ≤2
28-day cohort(n=70)
21-day cohort(n=33)
Dosing days1, 8, and 15
q28 days
Days 1, 8 q21 days
Neutropenia day 15
Study 211: trial design
Eribulin mesylate 1.4 mg/m2
Patients (N=299)• Advanced breast
cancer• Prior anthracycline,
taxane, capecitabine• Progression on or
within 6 months of last chemotherapy
• ECOG PS: 0-2• Pre-existing neuropathy
Grade <2
2-5 minute IVDays 1,8 q21 days
Primary endpoint• ORR by IRR
Other endpoints • Duration of response• ORR by investigator• PFS, OS• EORTC QoL• Safety
Cortes J, et al. J Clin Oncol 2010;28:3922–3928.
Phase II trials: 201 and 211 study
1. Vahdat L, et al. J Clin Oncol. 2009;27:2954-2961.2. Cortes J, et al. J Clin Oncol. 2010;28:3922-3928.
ORR, overall response rate; DOR, duration of response; PFS, progression-free survival; OS, overall survival*MBC patients with progression of disease ≤6 months of last chemotherapy and, if present, preexisting neuropathy ≤ grade 2
201 Study1
(n = 103): Prior taxane & anthracycline*
211 Study2
(n = 299):Prior taxane,
anthracycline, & capecitabine*
Primary Endpoint:
● ORR with independent review
Secondary Endpoints:
● DOR, PFS, OS, Adverse events
• ORR: 11.5% • Median DOR: 5.6 months • Median PFS: 2.6 months
• 6-month PFS 25.9% [95% CI, 15.5, 36.3]• Median OS: 9 months (range 15–826 days)
• 6-month survival 67.8% [95% CI, 58.0, 77.6) • 1-year survival 45.7% [95% CI, 35.2, 56.2]
• ORR: 9.3% • Median DOR: 4.1 months • Median PFS: 2.6 months
• 6-month PFS 15.6% (95% CI, 10.7, 20.5) • Median OS: 10.4 months
• 6-month survival 72.3% (95% CI, 66.9, 77.6) • 1-year survival 45.7% [95% CI, 35.2, 56.2]
Safety: Hematologic adverse events
Cortes J, et al. J Clin Oncol. 2010;28:3922-3928Vahdat L, et al. J Clin Oncol. 2009;27:2954-2961
Safety: Not hematologic adverse events
Cortes J, et al. J Clin Oncol. 2010;28:3922-3928Vahdat L, et al. J Clin Oncol. 2009;27:2954-2961
Eribulin+trastuzumab as first line MBC:trial design
Vahdat L et al. SABCS2012 poster P5-20-04
Eribulin+trastuzumab: characteristics of patients
Vahdat L et al. SABCS2012 poster P5-20-04
Eribulin+trastuzumab: primary outcome
Vahdat L et al. SABCS2012 poster P5-20-04
Eribulin+trastuzumab:Secondary efficacy outcomes
Vahdat L et al. SABCS2012 poster P5-20-04
Final results are expected by December 2013
Eribulin+trastuzumab:safety
Vahdat L et al. SABCS2012 poster P5-20-04
Phase III trials
EMBRACE: Physician’s Choice (TPC) vs Eribulin
Patients (n=762)● Locally recurrent or MBC● 2–5 prior chemotherapies
- ≥ 2 for advanced disease- Prior anthracycline and
taxane
● Progression ≤ 6 months of last chemotherapy
● Neuropathy ≤ grade 2● ECOG ≤ 2
Eribulin mesylate (n=508)1.4 mg/m2* IV over 2-5 minutes on Day 1,8 q21 days
TPC (n=254): ●Any monotherapy (cytotoxic, hormonal, biological); or●Palliative treatment; or●Radiotherapy
RANDOMISATION 2:1
*Equivalent to 1.23 mg/m2 eribulin
Exploratory subgroups: Hormone receptor expression status (ER, PgR, HER2, triple-negative); number of organs involved; sites of disease
Primary Endpoint:
● OS
Secondary Endpoints:● PFS● ORR● Safety
Cortes J, et al. Lancet 2011;377:914-923.
Stratification: Geographical region Prior capecitabine HER2 status
EMBRACE: main characteristics of patients
Eribulin (n=508)
TPC(n=254)
TOTAL (n=762)
Median age (range) 55 (28-85) 56 (27-81) 55 (27-85)
OR and PgR status
OR+ and/or PgR+, % 64 64 64OR and PgR -, % 24 25 25Unknown 11 11 11
HER2/neu status, %
Positive 16 16 16Negative 73 76 74Unknown 10 9 10
Triple (ER/PgR/HER2) negative, % 18 20 19
No. organs involved, %
≤2 51 46 49>2 49 54 51
Visceral disease
Yes 391 181 572No 77 33 110
Cortes J, et al. Lancet 2011;377:914-923.
EMBRACE: Prior antitumour therapies
ERIBULINA n=508
TPC n=254
TotaleN=762
Prior chemotherapy regimens, n (%)1 1 (<1) 0 (0,0) 1 (<1)
2 65 (13) 31 (12) 96 (13)
3 176 (35) 83 (33) 259 (34)
4 (median) 166 (33) 79 (31) 245 (32)
5 85 (17) 51 (20) 136 (18)
≥ 6 13 (3) 9 (4) 22 (3)
Refractory to, n (%)
Taxanes 503 (99) 251 (99) 754 (99)
Anthra 502 (99) 250 (98) 752 (99)
Capecitabine 370 (73) 189 (74) 559 (73)
Cortes J, et al. Lancet 2011;377:914-923.
EMBRACE: TPC
0%5%10%15%20%25%30%
Total patients = 247Total patients = 247
**Include: paclitaxel, docetaxel, abraxane, (ixabepilone)
96% pts treated with chemotherapy
% o
f P
ati
en
ts
None of patients received only supportive care or immunotherapy
N= 44N= 46
N= 38
N= 61
N= 24 N= 25
N= 9
Cortes J, et al. Lancet 2011;377:914-923.
EMBRACE: Overall Survival
Eribulin TPC
Cortes J, et al. Lancet 2011;377:914-923.
p-value= 0.041HR (95CI) = 0.81
Time (months)
TPC (n=254)
Eribulin (n=508) 54.5%
1-year survival
42.8%
EMBRACE: OS (ITT Population)Updated 3 March 2010
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
0 362624222018161412108642
Ove
rall
surv
ival
(%
)
EribulinMedian 13.2 months
TPCMedian 10.6 months
HR* 0.81 (95% CI 0.68, 0.96)Nominal p value=0.014
28 30 32 34
EMBRACE: Overall Survival by Stratification Factor*
HER2, human epidermal growth factor receptor type 2.*Intent-to-treat population; Based upon a stratified Cox analysis including geographic region, HER-2/neu status, and prior capecitabine therapy as strata.
Cortes J, et al. Lancet 2011;377:914-923.
EMBRACE: secondary endpoint PFS
Cortes J, et al. Lancet 2011;377:914-923.
EMBRACE: secondary endpoint ORR
Cortes J, et al. Lancet 2011;377:914-923.
Independent review Investigator review
Eribulin(n=468)
TPC(n=214)
Eribulin(n=468)
TPC(n=214)
ORR (CR+PR), % 12 5 13 7
p value 0,002 0,028
SD, % 44 45 47 45
PD, % 41 49 38 45
Not evaluable, % 3 1 2 2
CBR, % 23 17 28 20
Adverse Event, %Eribulin(n=503)
TPC(n=247)
All adverse events 99 93
Serious adverse events 25 26
Adverse events leading to
interruption 5 10
discontinuation 13 15
dose reduction 17 16
dose delay 35 32
Fatal adverse events 4 7
Fatal adverse events (treatment-related) 1 1
EMBRACE: safety
Cortes J, et al. Lancet 2011;377:914-923.
Adverse event, %
Eribulin (n=503) TPC (n=247)
All Grades
Grade 3 Grade 4All
GradesGrade 3 Grade 4
Neutropenia 52 21 24 30 14 7
Leukopenia 23 12 2 11 5 1
Febrile neutropenia 5 3 1.2 2 0.8 0.4
Thrombocytopenia 2.6 0.6 0.2 4.9 0.8 1.6
Embrace: hematologic adverse events
Cortes J, et al. Lancet 2011;377:914-923.
Embrace: not hematologic adverse events
Adverse event, %
Eribulin (n=503) TPC (n=247)
All Grades
Grade 3 Grade 4All
GradesGrade 3 Grade 4
Gastrointestinal
Nausea 35 1 0 28 2 0
Constipation 25 1 0 21 1 0
Diarrhoea 18 0 0 18 0 0
Vomiting 18 1 <1 18 1 0
General disorders
Asthenia/fatigue 54 8 1 40 10 0
Pyrexia 21 <1 0 13 <1 0
Nervous system disorders
Peripheral neuropathy 35 8 <1 16 2 0
Headache 19 <1 0 12 0 <1
Skin and subcutaneous tissue
Alopecia 45 N/A N/A 10 N/A N/A
Hand-foot syndrome 1 <1 0 14 4 0Cortes J, et al. Lancet 2011;377:914-923.
Study 301: eribulin vs capecitabinetrial design
*
* ≤ 2 for advanced disease Kaufman PA et al. SABCS 2012 S6-6
Stratification: - geographic region - HER2 status
Co-primary end-points: OS and PFS
Secondary endpoints: ORR, QoL, DOR, 1-, 2-, 3-year survival and safety
Study 301: eribulin vs capecitabinecharacteristics of patients
Patients N=1102
Median age 54 y (range 24-80)
HER2 negative 68.5%
First line therapy 27.2%
Second line therapy 57.4%
Third line therapy 14.7%
Kaufman PA et al. SABCS 2012 S6-6
Study 301: eribulin vs capecitabineCo-primary endpoints
Kaufman PA et al. SABCS 2012 S6-6
Study 301: eribulin vs capecitabineOS Pre-specified Subgroup Analysis
Kaufman PA et al. SABCS 2012 S6-6
Author conclusions: “particular patient subgroups may have greater therapeutic benefit with eribulin and this may warrant further study”
Study 301: eribulin vs capecitabineResponse Rate
Kaufman PA et al. SABCS 2012 S6-6
Kaufman PA et al. SABCS 2012 S6-6
Study 301: eribulin vs capecitabineToxicity
Conclusions
Efficacy of eribulin in MBC pts• Combination with other agents?
Manageable toxicity• Common EAs: neutropenia, fatigue, neuropathy• Low incidence of neuropathy grade 3/4
Trials ongoing in early breast cancer (adjuvant and neoadjuvant setting)
Trials in other solid tumours (sarcoma, NSCLC, pancreatic cancer…)?