Presented by Rafatou FOFANA, PhD. Hydrology and Integrated Water Resources Management Email: [email protected]Rockview Hotel, Plot 194/196 Adetokunbo Ademola Street, Wuse II Maitama, Abuja on 24 th to 26 th January, 2017 Local policies as a tool for the Ecohydrology and the Integrated Water resources management in the Volta basin: Case of Ghana, Togo and Benin countries portions.
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Presented by Rafatou FOFANA, PhD.
Hydrology and Integrated Water Resources ManagementEmail: [email protected]
Rockview Hotel, Plot 194/196 Adetokunbo Ademola Street, Wuse II Maitama, Abuja on 24th to 26th January, 2017
Local policies as a tool for the Ecohydrology and the Integrated Water resources management in the Volta basin:
Case of Ghana, Togo and Benin countries portions.
Presentation Plan
i. The Volta Basinii. Volta Basin Authorityiii. Challenges of TWRMiv. Local policiesv. Way Forward
The Volta Basin
Sub-basin Area (km2)
% Contribution
White Volta
104,749 20
Black Volta
149,015 18
Oti 72,778 26
Others 36
Volta River, 9th longest river in Africa, 1 850 km long;
It covers an area of 400 000 km2
The population of the basin mainlylives on agriculture, livestock and aquaculture , forestry;
• Basin population 18.6 millions in 2000;
• Projected to reach 33.9 millions in 2025;
• Rural pop. 70% ;
• Live on natural resources
VB Population
Rainfall and Agro-Ecological Zones
i. Spatial variability - south-north gradient;
ii. Medium-term variability -alternating dry & wet periods basin-wide;
iii. Strong spatial and short-term variability within a given season
• The Sudano-Sahelian Zone: 500-900 mm – BF and MA
• The Sudanian Zone: 900-1,100 mm – northern GH, CI, BE & TG
• The Guinean Zone: >1,100m; bimodal rainfall; southern GH
Development Infrastructure-Large Dams/Reservoirs
Small Reservoirs in the Volta BasinIn response to continuing drought
conditions –• Rapid upstream expansion of
small reservoirs since 1970s;
• 80% of small reservoirs in BF;• Future expansion expected;
• Predicted impact on hydropower generation minimal compared to climate change;
• Small reservoirs are important for water supply fisheries;
• But responsible for spread of some water related diseases.
Riparian Countries
Country% of Basin Area
% of
Country
Benin 3.41 12.1
Burkina Faso
42.9 62.4
Cote d’Ivoire
2.48 3.1
Ghana 41.6 70.1
Mali 3.12 1.0
Togo 6.41 45.0
The Volta Basin Authority (VBA)
Formally established in January 2007 by the Convention on the Status of the Volta River and Establishment of the Volta Basin Authority to:
i.Promote permanent consultation tools among the parties;
ii. Promote implementation of IWRM and the equitable distribution of the benefits;
iii. Authorize the development of infrastructure and projects that could have substantial impact on the basin;
iv. Develop joint projects and works;
v. Contribute to poverty alleviation, …and better socioeconomic integration in the sub-region.
Convention came into force August 2009
Permanent OrgansAssembly of
Heads of State and Govts.
Assembly of Heads of State
and Govts.
Forum of Parties
Forum of Parties
Executive DirectorateExecutive
DirectorateCommittee of
Experts Committee of
Experts
Council of MinistersCouncil of Ministers
Key VBA Staff : At post -50% of Technical Staff
xi. Hydrologists (2)xii. Asst. Legal Officerxiii. Webmaster;xiv. Bilingual Secretary;xi. Secretary (3);xvi. Communication Assistant;xvii. Library Assistant;
i. Acting Executive Director;ii. Deputy Executive Director;iii. Director of Observatory;iv. Director of Planning and IWRMv. Director of Administration and
Finance;vi. Head of Finance / Accounting
Unit;vii. Head of Legal Unitviii. Head of Translation and
Interpretation Unit;ix. Information Technology Expert
– Systems Administratorx. Procurement Specialist
PartnersTechnical and Financial Partners Consultative GroupIUCN PACO AFD IOEau GWP/WASONABELMinistère Français des Affaires Etrangères et EuropéennesOMVS CSIR INBO CSIR Water Research Institute Green Cross BF SIDAFAO Regional Office for Africa
Signing of Accords for Cooperation,
World Bank GEF African Development BankVolta River Authority SIWI Niger Basin AuthorityORASECOM WMOThe Development Institute – Ghana and Togo Amis de la Terre, Togo Organisation pour le Développement Economique et Social, BeninAKVO
• Transboundary Diagnostic Analysis (TDA) of the Volta Basin, 2013
i. Changes in water quantity and seasonal flows;
ii. Degradation of ecosystems;a. Coastal erosion downstream of the Volta Basin b. Invasive aquatic species c. Increased sedimentation of river courses d. Loss of soil and vegetative cover
iii. Water quality concerns - agricultural, industrial and domestic pollution.
Challenges in TWM (1)
• Governance and Institutional Issues
i. Continuing unilateral development of water resources by the Member States ;
ii. Invisibility of VBA in Member States;
iii. Inadequate human and financial resources
Strategic Action Programme (SAP) developed in response to the TDA, 2014 within the context of climate change;
Challenges in TWM (2)
Hydrogeological units and groundwater monitoring network
Resources Monitoring Network with Remote transmission
of data
Network with non remote transmission / periodical data collection !!!!!!
Lake of availability
Resources Monitoring
• The Management of water resources occurs at differents levels in the various countries:
• In many cases, installed monitoring systems are not adequate
• Data and informations are not sufficient • Both public and private sector institutions continue to
operate sectorally
Resources management
Local Policies for water gouvernance
Summary table of local policies at Bole in Ghana (1)Activities/Solutions Challenges Target stakehloders Resources
(tools)Capacity building : education, law inforcement, sensitization
Siltation as a consequence of farming along the river bank
Farmers; communities helders; security agencies; traditional authorities; students; religious bodies; area councils; journalists
Media; religious bodies; logistics; funding; technical resources
Strong law implementation staifferpunishment
Illegal mining
Illigal miners=”galamsayers”; Security Agencies; traditional authorities; district assemblies;youth; NGO; Forestry; Mineral commission
Media; religious bodies; logistics; funding; technical resources
Education; teersplanting; trees protection; Alternative sources for household; alternative livelihood; Drama groups (jeux de roles)
Trees cutting
Community memebers; schools; opinion leaders; security; NGO; Forestry
Media; religious bodies; logistics; funding; technical resources
Education (drama groups) sensitization staiffer punishment;Fires belt creation
Bush Fires Fire volontiers; fires services farmers; traditional authorities hunters security agencies Forestry
Media; religious bodies; logistics; funding; technical resources
Types d'ImpactsEnvironnemental Economique Santé Social
Classification of Problems (Dec. 2011)Classification of Problems (Dec. 2011)
Way Forward
Autorité du Bassin de la Volta (ABV)Bénin, Burkina Faso, Côte d’Ivoire, Ghana, Mali, Togo
Institutional Strengths and Weaknesses (1)Strengths Weaknesses
All the Member States have adopted IWRM policies and developed relevant plans
VBA does not have a Water Charter and Master Plan for the Volta basin,(the process is now on going for water charter elaboration)
VBA does not have adequate financing for implementation of its Strategic Plan
All statutory organs of the VBA Convention have been established
Statutory meetings are not held regularly
VBA and its partners have strengthened the knowledge base on the basin
The knowledge base on the Volta basin is not sufficient in areas such as climate change and groundwater resources
Autorité du Bassin de la Volta (ABV)Bénin, Burkina Faso, Côte d’Ivoire, Ghana, Mali, Togo
Institutional Strengths and Weaknesses (2)Strengths Weaknesses
Technical and Financial Partners continue to show interest in VBA activities
VBA is more well known by international organizations than by national organizations in the Member States
Financial support from the Member States is inadequate
VBA is an active member of the network of basin organizations
VBA does not have adequate human and material resources
Training is not organized within the context of the VBA Strategic Plan but on project basis
Autorité du Bassin de la Volta (ABV)Bénin, Burkina Faso, Côte d’Ivoire, Ghana, Mali, Togo
VBA Strategic Plan: 2010-2014Focused approach on priorities of the Volta Basin
• 5 STRATEGIC OBJECTIVES
i. Strengthening policies, legislation and institutional framework;
ii. Strengthening the knowledgebase of the basin;
iii. Coordination, planning and management;
iv. Communication and capacitybuilding for all stakeholders;
v. Effective and sustainable operations.
Outcomes: Strategic Plan 2014-2019
Strengthening of institutional framework and operationalization of all permanent organs;Technical and Financial Partners Consultative Group;Expansion of knowledge on the state of water resources;Recruitment of key staff;
VBA Observatory established
Some Achievements of the Observatory
Communication and information tools (Web site Catalogue of meta data;
Hydrometeorological networks and atlas of thematic maps on the Volta basin
Organisation of transboundary fora on WRM(e.g. Cartography, Agric. water, Water Quality, Groundwater, Water-related Diseases;
Baseline studies on socio-economic and environmental state of the Volta Basin;
Identification of stakeholders and assessment of their strengths and weaknesses;
Strategic Objectives
Involve VBA in integration and economic evelopment policies of the Volta basin – National ocal Structures;
. Autonomous and sustainable funding for VBA;
i. Participation and partnerships with water takeholders;
v. Strengthen the legal framework of the Volta asin; - Water Charter;
VBA Strategic Plan 2015-2019
Will Specify the roles and responsibilities of the asin countries on use of water resources;
trengthen VBA to promote coordinated and armonized water policies in the basin, and
efine guiding principles for improved ransboundary water resources development and
management.
Water Charter of the Volta Basin (1)
pecific Objectives are to determine rules, define rinciples and procedures for:
Allocating water resources among different sectors; Reviewing and approving new projects likely to have significant impacts; Preservation and protection of the shared ecosystems; Protection against pollution and harmful situations; Harmonizing national policies and legislation on water resources management; Information sharing and participation of stakeholders;Prevention and settlement of interstate conflicts;
Water Charter of the Volta Basin (2)
Strategic Objectives
Develop technical framework to implement IWRM f the Volta Basin; - Master Plan
i. Align the resources of VBA to implementation of s Strategic Plan – Institutional Assessment;
ii. Monitor and assess changes in the Volta basin; nd
iii. Strengthen VBA's communication –ommunication Plan
VBA Strategic Plan 2015-2019
Will incorporate development plans of the basin
countries and provide framework through which
nfrastructural investments in the Volta basin can
be mobilized in a sustainable, equitable and
efficient manner. Will also facilitate integration of
ssues such as climate change adaption and
environmental and social safeguards into
nvestment planning.
Master Plan for Development & Sustainable Water Management
Current ProjectsVolta Basin Strategic Action Programme Implementation Project (VSIP) – WB / GEFPartnership for Environmental Governance (PAGE) – IUCNFlood & Drought Management Tools Project – UNEP / GEFWater Climate and Development Project (WACDEP) - GWP Oti Hazard Assessment – World BankAKVOWISE-UP to Climate Change - IUCN
Volta Basin Strategic Action Programme Implementation Project (VSIP)
World Bank/GEF support (10.7m $): 2016- 2019
Development of Water Charter; Facilitating Dialogue, Monitoring & Project evelopment –Communication Plan; Implementation of SAP Actions –emonstration Projects in countries; Project Management.
VBA in Perspective Catalyzed by SDGs
Establishment / Convention in force -2009
Legal/Institutional Framework:
Water Charter -2018
Strengthening Data collection/Knowledge base/DM Tools /Partnerships
Technical Framework: Master Plan - 2020?
Capacity Building and Management: Human, Financial, Procedures
Contracting Authority -2025?
Mature and reliable VBA -Increased Water Coop.; >2030 ?
Possible collaboration mechanisms with partners
promote cooperation in research through exchange visits, consultations, and joint studies in areas of mutual interest. cooperate in providing specialized training for riparian professionals and other relevant target groups in areas of mutual interest.Update a set of indicators on aspects of water resources anenvironmental aspects of the basin.Confirm / propose monitoring networks to support thestimation of indicators, including data that will be neededcalculate indicators (surface waters, groundwater, watquality, land use, etc.)