CIRCULATIONThe circulation of the surrounding are arranged as
following : The building share a same route for ingress and egress.
The route are used for users and also for building services. The
entrance for the building are located at the front with prepared
parking lot for users. The front of the building are public while
the sides and back are private ( for staffs and loading unloading
workers) The backs side of the building are for maintenance
services for the building. Also act as emergency escape for staffs.
The loading trucks usually circulated around the loading bay to
drop goods for the building.
CIRCULATION PRACTICES IN ARCHITECTURE The main entrance for the
users are usually located facing the most crowded place to gain
attention for the buildings. The loading unloading bay are located
at place which are most hidden from public view (usually at the
back side of the building). The entrance route and services route
are usually seperated from each other. The entrance route are from
primary route and services route are from secondary or tertiary
route surrounding the site. The services route should follow
building by law requirement which include appropriate size and
turning point for large truck. The services route should be clear
from any obstacle to smoothen the circulation. The bin collector or
refuse chamber should not be placed directly against the strongest
wind direction to avoid unnecessary smell going to inside the
building.
FUTURE CONSIDERATION FOR ENHANCE THE CIRCULATION Create a proper
zoning within the buildings to separate public places and private
spaces. Prepared a close and covered refuse chamber at the services
route. Location for fresh goods storage and refuse chamber should
be away from each other to ensure hygiene of the products. Clear
the services route to make the circulation smooth and avoid
obstacle in case an emergency happening. Main entrance and loading
bay bring two different visual impression to the users. Try to
locate it appropriately to increase the building visual image.
LOADING SPACESThe spaces are divided into few areas which are :-
Loading area ; For loading and unloading goods to the storage and
remove rubbish from the building Cold storage ; To store cold and
wet food that need to be stored in a low temperature room.This
include the use of freezer box which is used to store cold food
such as meat and vegetables. There are four units of freezer box
placed outside of the store room. Dry storage ;To store dry goods
that can be keep in room temperature. Bin centre ; A centre that
collect all the rubbish and waste from the building. It is located
near to refuse chamber.
LOADING AND UNLOADING REGULATION1. The following practices
should be followed wherever possible:a) no vehicle should be loaded
beyond its rated capacity or beyond the legal limit of gross
weight;b) before loading is started, the floor of the vehicle
should be checked to ensure that it is safe to load;c) loads should
be properly secured or arranged so that they are safe for
bothtransportation and unloading, for example so that they do not
slide forward in the event of the driver having to brake suddenly,
or move sideways when cornering;d) loading/unloading should be
carried out so as to maintain, as far as possible, a uniform
distribution of the load. Uneven loading may result in the vehicle
or trailer becoming unstable, particularly if it is an articulated
or similar type of trailer which has been detached from the tractor
unit.e) loading and unloading vehicles from one side using lift
trucks can result in pallets on the opposite side being disturbed
sufficiently to cause a pallet(s) to fall. The opposite curtain or
side should be retained in position while loading/unloading;f)
before ropes, tarpaulins or the curtains of curtain-sider lorries
are removed, the vehicle and load should be checked to ensure that
the removal of ropes or other security devices will not allow
materials or goods to fall;g) the driver of the vehicle is
responsible for ensuring that the load is secure: operators of lift
trucks should take instructions from the driver concerning
positioning of loads;h) loading/unloading should never be carried
out on significant gradients.2. When an opening or edge is being
used to load/unload goods or materials from one level to another,
where there is a danger of a person falling, it should be fenced as
far as possible. If fencing is not possible, alternative safeguards
should be used as far as possible, for example a secure guard rail
which goods or materials may safely pass under or over.
Dock Levelers3. Dock levelers are devices used to bridge the gap
between the loading dock and vehicle trailer, thereby providing
access for lift trucks and roll containers etc. There are two basic
types:a) hydraulic- raised and lowered by an electrically powered
hydraulic cylinder;b) mechanical -activated by a pull chain or
other device that releases a spring mechanism,raising the platform
and extending the lip. The platform descends into its
workingposition on the trailer bed when an employee 'walks down'
the platform.4. The main hazards associated with dock levelers
are:a) trapping of feet or toes between the descending platform and
loading dock;b) overturning of mechanical handling devices (for
example by contact with raised or depressed platform);c) trips or
falls caused by raised or depressed platform;d) falls of people,
goods or materials from platform.e) trapping of people underneath
dock leveler.5. The following safeguards should be adopted when
dock levelers are used:a) when dock levelers, which are installed
as an integral part of the loading dock, are not in use and people,
lift trucks, roll containers or other mechanical handling devices
are likely to travel over or adjacent to the dock leveler, its
platform should be returned to a horizontal position flush with the
loading dock as soon as loading/unloading is completed. A mechanism
fitted to the dock leveler which automatically returns the platform
to a horizontal position after use will give increased protection
against the risks caused by inadvertent raised or depressed
platform positions;b) toe guards should be provided, for example
fencing at the sides of the leveler that prevent feet or toes from
being caught under the platform as it descendsc) provide a
mechanism which prevents the springs from pulling back the platform
to its raised position during loading/unloading on mechanical dock
levelers (this will prevent the risk of a lift truck reversing into
the raised platform when leaving the trailer);d) provide a
mechanism which prevents the platform from free-falling in the
event of an emergency, for example premature departure of a
vehicle.e) provide skirt plates or other suitable devices to
enclose the trapping hazards below the platform;f) provide manually
operated scotches or other equally effective means to enable the
dock leveler to be mechanically locked in a raised position when
maintenance or repair work isnecessary.Maintenance6. Defective dock
leveler safety features, twisted, cracked or misaligned platforms
or otherdefects can cause serious accidents, for example
overturning of lift trucks. Employers shouldtherefore have:a. an
effective system to report defects and carry out remedial repair
work;b. a planned routine maintenance system.
TYPES OF SERVICES - fire-fighting system- electrical system-
mechanical ventilation system- loading and unloading system-
solid-waste system- water supply system- sewerage system
PROGRAMS OF THE GOODS-LOADINGStep 1 The goods are being
delivered by lorries, the lorries access from the service area
entrance. Step 2 Goods are being loaded at the loading bay.Step 3
Goods are being kept in the storage according to the type of goods;
cold and warm storage.Step 4 Some are being put at the racks.
COMMENTS/PROPOSAL1.NO SITE BARRIER
From the entrance, the view from loading unloading area already
give off bad impression to the visitors because of improper site
barrier and it level of cleanliness itself.Proposed idea:To avoid
the visitor feel distracted by the mess of loading unloading area,
it is important to design a wall or vegetation to deviate their
focus and to give off sense of welcoming.
2. NO PROPER STORAGE FOR PALETTESAs there is no proper storage
for palettes, the loading unloading area look messier and may
harmful to workers if it falling down. Plus, it give off unpleasing
view and level down the level of cleanliness at there.
Proposed idea:Therefore, it is important to provide storage for
palettes near to the loading unloading area. The location of
storage must not disturb the process of loading unloading and also
must near to access from the the lorry or truck so that the time to
unload or load the palettes can be cut off.
3. LARGE SPACES ARE WASTED FOR SERVICE PURPOSE
Photo shows unnecessary ample space available for the
loading/unloading(Source: Students fieldwork)
Less efficiency can be seen in the building through the let-able
area to services area ratio. The services area takes more than
enough spaces for it to operates. Calculation of the current
efficiency can be seen as below:Site area: 22283.69 m2Services of
ground floor= 1729 m2NLA of plinth area= plinth area services area=
7814 m2 - 1729 m2= 6065 m2Efficiency of building:(NLA / Plinth
Area) x 100%= (6065 m2 / 7814 m2 ) x 100%= 77 %
Proposed Idea:The services area is optimised and the let-able
area is expanded. It is crucial for the benefit of the company in
the long run through anticipation of public and potential
customers.
Figure shows the placement of proposed let-able area.(Source:
Students proposal)4. LACK MAINTENANCE IN CLEANLINESS AND
TIDINESS
Photos show untidiness that can be seen at isolated
spaces(Source: Students fieldwork)Lacking of maintenance can affect
workers and even the end users of the product that will be sold.
Workers are expose towards harm in workplace and their safety are
compromised.Proposed idea:1. Maintain tidiness and conduct
cleanliness check regularly even at isolated spaces such as junk
storage. 2. Create a Recycling Stop at the loading/ unloading area
so that the unwanted junks such as broken trolleys can be recycled.
The idea of Recycling Stop is also to encourage public to recycle
and attract potential customers at the same time.
Figure shows the placement of proposed Recycle Stop.(Source:
Students proposal)