Loading of the data/conversion Demultiplexing Editing Geometry Amplitude correction Frequency filter Deconvolution Velocity analysis NMO/DMO-Correction Stacking Migration Measurements Navigation Printing/storage Printing/storage CMP-Sorting Prestack Poststack Post-processing Pre-Processing Basic scheme of the seismic data processing
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Loading of the data/conversion Demultiplexing Editing Geometry Amplitude correction Frequency filter Deconvolution Velocity analysis NMO/DMO-Correction.
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Loading of the data/conversion
Demultiplexing
Editing
Geometry
Amplitude correction
Frequency filter
Deconvolution
Velocity analysis
NMO/DMO-Correction
Stacking
Migration
MeasurementsNavigation
Printing/storage Printing/storage
CMP-Sorting Prestack
PoststackPost-processing
Pre-Processing
Basic scheme of the seismic data processing
DMO (Dip move-out)
A seismic processing operation to correct for the fact that, for dipping reflections, the traces of a CMP gather do not involve a common reflection point. DMO effectively corrects for the reflection-point smear that results when reflectors dip. Events with various dips stack with the same velocity after DMO.
(DMO can be performed in a number of ways)
Sheriff, 1991
Horizontal Reflector
CMP = CDPCMP = CDP
CMP CDPCMP CDP
Dipping Reflector
CMP = common mid pointCDP = common depth point
Dip move out (DMO)
Loci of reflection points
Zero offset: coincidentSource (S) and geophone (G)
Common offset: offset between Source (S) and geophone (G)
Show possible reflection points for one particular traveltime
DMO correction
NMO:coordinate transformation from A (yn,t) to B (yn,tn)DMO:coordinate transformation from B (yn,tn) to C (y0-0)Zero-offset migration:coordinate transformation from C (y0-0) to D (ym,
Dip Move out (DMO)
Marine line over a salt structure
• Cases of conflicting dip
• Analysis of data without DMO correction
• Analysis of data with DMO correction
(following pictures are obtained from Yilmaz, 2001)
Selected CMP gathers from a 2D marine dataset
Yilmaz, 2001
NMO DMO NMO-1
Velocity spectrum
Without DMO correction(smearing of data)
With DMO correction
Yilmaz, 2001
Close-up view of the velocity spectrum and CMP gather
Without DMO correction
Yilmaz, 2001
Close-up view of the velocity spectrum and CMP gather
With DMO correctionYilmaz, 2001
Velocity field used to stack the CMP gathers
Without DMO correction With DMO correction
Yilmaz, 2001With DMO: less smearing: more detailed velocity field
NMO correction of DMO corrected gathers
Without lateral varying and with lateral varying velocityYilmaz, 2001
Field example of DMO correction
NMO
Stacking
Migration
DMO NMO-1 NMO
CMP stack DMO stack
Migrated CMP stack Migrated DMO stack
CMP stack
and
DMO stack
Yilmaz, 2001
Amplitudes of reflectionsoff the flanks of the salt have similar amplitude as flat events
Comparison betweenMigration of CMP stack andDMO stack
Yilmaz, 2001
Amplitudes of reflectionsoff the flanks of the salt have higher amplitude