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LNA Design Single Stage AT41411 Study Case
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Apr 01, 2020

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Page 1: LNA Design - dl.edatop.comdl.edatop.com/mte/ads/edatop.com_5-3LNA Design... · LNA Design Procedure • Read Specification • Choose Device and get a Data Sheet • Prepare S2P data

LNA Design

Single StageAT41411 Study Case

Page 2: LNA Design - dl.edatop.comdl.edatop.com/mte/ads/edatop.com_5-3LNA Design... · LNA Design Procedure • Read Specification • Choose Device and get a Data Sheet • Prepare S2P data

LNA Design Procedure• Read Specification• Choose Device and get a Data Sheet• Prepare S2P data file included noise parameter• Check Stability and Add Stabilizer• Plot Noise circle and Available Gain circle• Tuning ΓS ( andΓL) yield to meet Specific.• Using SmithChart Utility to Matching Circuit• Layout

Page 3: LNA Design - dl.edatop.comdl.edatop.com/mte/ads/edatop.com_5-3LNA Design... · LNA Design Procedure • Read Specification • Choose Device and get a Data Sheet • Prepare S2P data

Refining Design closer to reality

from ideal...

…closer to reality

SP,HB Simulation...

EM,CoSimulation...

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Summary of LNA Data

Sim. Parameter Specification CommentsSS Frequency Range 2.4 – 2.483 MHz ISM Band SS DC Current < 7 mASS DC Voltage, Vcc 3.0 V SS VCE 2.5 V BFP640:VCEMAX= 4.0VSS Gain 15 dB min. SS Noise Figure Target: < 1.0 dB. SS Input Return Loss 10 dB min. SS Output Return Loss 10 dB min. SS Reverse Isolation TBDHB Output P1dB +3.2 dBm @ 2400 MHz HB Input 3rd Order Intercept +12 dBm @ each tone. 2400 and

2401 MHz,

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P1dB Compression and TOI(IP3)

Saturated output power

P1dB

Out

put P

ower

(dB

m)

Input Power (dBm)

Compression region

Linear region(slope = small-signal gain)

Psat

TOI(IP3)

Page 6: LNA Design - dl.edatop.comdl.edatop.com/mte/ads/edatop.com_5-3LNA Design... · LNA Design Procedure • Read Specification • Choose Device and get a Data Sheet • Prepare S2P data

Surface Mount ComponentsSize Length(mm/mil) Width(mm/mil) 0402 1.0/40 0.5/20 0603 1.6/64 0.8/32 0805 2.0/80 1.25/50 1206 3.2/128 1.6/64 1210 3.2/128 2.5/100

Page 7: LNA Design - dl.edatop.comdl.edatop.com/mte/ads/edatop.com_5-3LNA Design... · LNA Design Procedure • Read Specification • Choose Device and get a Data Sheet • Prepare S2P data

Choosing Substrate Thickness and Dielectric Constant

3 4 5 6 7 8 92 10

-1.2

-1.0

-0.8

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

-1.4

0.0

W=30.000

W=50.000

W=70.000

ER

dB(S

(2,1

))Substrate H=30 mil

04020603

0805

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Choosing Substrate Thickness and Dielectric Constant

4 6 82 10

-6

-4

-2

-8

0

W=25.000

W=50.000

W=75.000

ER

dB(S

(2,1

))Substrate H=10mil

Page 9: LNA Design - dl.edatop.comdl.edatop.com/mte/ads/edatop.com_5-3LNA Design... · LNA Design Procedure • Read Specification • Choose Device and get a Data Sheet • Prepare S2P data

Linear versus Non- Linear Models

Linear Models•valid for one bias condition•valid for small signalNon- Linear Models

•device completely characterized•valid for all bias conditions•valid for non-linear operation

!AT-41411 Typical Scattering Parameters,!Common Emitter, ZO = 50 W, TA=25°C, VCE=8 V, ICE =E 10 mA!Freq. S11 S21 S12 S22

# GHz S MA R 50

!GHz Mag. Ang.(Mag.) Ang. Mag. Ang. Mag. Ang.

0.1 .85 -30 23.20 158 .013 64 .93 -110.5 .58 -112 12.18 109 .035 44 .62 -301.0 .49 -156 6.70 85 .044 43 .50 -331.5 .49 178 4.58 71 .056 47 .46 -362.0 .50 160 3.45 59 .068 47 .45 -412.5 .53 153 2.82 53 .075 56 .43 -433.0 .55 142 2.37 43 .089 54 .43 -53

BJT_ModelBJTM1

AllParams=Xti=3Xtb=-1.42Eg=1.078Trise=Tnom=24.85Approxqb=yesRbModel=MDSLateral=noFfe=

Nk=Ns=Iss=Rbnoi=Fb=Ab=Kb=Af=2Kf=7.291E-11Tr=0.2 nsecPtf=0Itf=0.4 AVtf=1.5 VTf=1.8 psecXtf=10

Fc=0.8Mjs=0.27Vjs=0.6 VCjs=93.4 fFXcjc=1Mjc=0.5Vjc=0.6 VCjc=67.43 fFMje=0.3Vje=0.8 VCje=227.6 fFImelt=Imax=Cco=Cex=

Dope=Rcm=Rcv=Rc=3.061 OhmRe=0.6 OhmRbm=2.707 OhmIrb=1.522 mARb=3.129 OhmVbo=Gbo=Cbo=Nc=1.8C4=Isc=400 fAKc=

Ke=Ikr=3.8 mAVar=2 VNr=1Br=55Ne=2C2=Ise=21 fAIkf=0.15 AVaf=1000 VNf=1.025Bf=450Is=0.22 fAPNP=noNPN=yes

BJT_NPNBJT1

Mode=nonlinearTrise=Temp=Region=Area=Model=BJTM1

RRBSR=1200 Ohm

PortENum=3

PortCNum=1

PortBNum=2

RRESR=300 Ohm

RRCSR=1200 Ohm

CCBEIC=180.4 fF

CCCEIC=112.6 fF

CCBEOC=102.5 fF

CCCEOC=131.2 fF

CCCSC=75 fF

CCBSC=79 fF

CCESC=180 fF

CCBCCC=55.9 fF

CCBECC=98.4 fF

LLEB

R=L=230.6 pH

LLCB

R=L=682.4 pH

LLBB

R=L=696.2 pH

LLEC

R=L=20 pH

LLCC

R=L=120 pH

LLBC

R=L=120 pH

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Prepare and Read S2P Format(Touchstone)

# [HZ/KHZ/MHZ/GHZ] [S/Y/Z/G/H][MA/DB/RI] R 50 # GHz S MA R 50

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Measuring S-Parameter For Modeling and Design

Two-port calibration reference plane

DUT

Mathematically extended reference plane

De-embeddingexternal software required Accurate S-

parameter data (from model or measurement)

Page 12: LNA Design - dl.edatop.comdl.edatop.com/mte/ads/edatop.com_5-3LNA Design... · LNA Design Procedure • Read Specification • Choose Device and get a Data Sheet • Prepare S2P data

Add and Read Noise Parameters to an SnP File

Page 13: LNA Design - dl.edatop.comdl.edatop.com/mte/ads/edatop.com_5-3LNA Design... · LNA Design Procedure • Read Specification • Choose Device and get a Data Sheet • Prepare S2P data

Verify Spice Model

Vc

Place packaged component here:

Place S-parameter-based component here:DCDC1

DC

I_ProbeIC

V_DCVBBVdc=0.84317 V tune{ 0.25 V to 1 V by 1e-005 V }

S_ParamSP1

Lin=Stop=6.0 GHzStart=0.1 GHz

S-PARAMETERS

V_DCVCCVdc=2.5 V

BFP640_SPICEQ2

TermTerm2

Z=50 OhmNum=2

BFP640_SPQ1

DC_BlockDC_Block2

DC_FeedDC_Feed2

TermTerm1

Z=50 OhmNum=1

TermTerm4

Z=50 OhmNum=4

DC_FeedDC_Feed1

DC_BlockDC_Block1

TermTerm3

Z=50 OhmNum=3

ModelVerif.dsn

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Verify S

pice Model by

Com

pare S-P

arameter

freq (100.0MHz to 6.000GHz)

S(1

,1)

S(3

,3)

freq (100.0MHz to 6.000GHz)

S(2

,2)

S(4

,4)

-0.10 -0.05 0.00 0.05 0.10-0.15 0.15

freq (100.0MHz to 6.000GHz)

S(1

,2)

S(3

,4)

-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20-25 25

freq (100.0MHz to 6.000GHz)

S(2

,1)

S(4

,3)

ModelVerif.dds

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Adding Stablizer CKT

LL1

R=L=22 nH tune{ 0 nH to 44 nH by 2.2 nH }

RR1R=39 Ohm tune{ 0 Ohm to 78 Ohm by 3.9 Ohm }

TermTerm2

Z=50 OhmNum=2

TermTerm1

Z=50 OhmNum=1

sp_hp_AT-41411_1_19921201SNP2

Noise Frequency="{0.10 - 4.00} GHz"Frequency="{0.10 - 4.00} GHz"Bias="Bjt: Vce=8V Ic=10mA"

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Example A:Design for Max Gain(一)GammaMS[m1]

0.707 / 162.575GammaML[m1]

0.621 / 9.583

NF=3.1

GammaS

GammaIN

GammaMS

GammaL

GammaOut

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Impedance Matching Using SmithChart Utility

DA_SmithChartMatch1_DesignAAmpDA_SmithChartMatch1

Z0=50 OhmZl=(8.768-j*7.432) OhmZs=50 OhmF=1 GHz

DA_SmithChartMatch2_DesignAAmpDA_SmithChartMatch2

Z0=50 OhmZl=50 OhmZs=(190.7-j*64.1) OhmF=1 GHz

LLstab

R=L=22 nH

RRstabR=39 Ohm Term

Term2

Z=50 OhmNum=2

TermTerm1

Z=50 OhmNum=1

GammaMS[m1]0.707 / 162.575

GammaML[m1]0.621 / 9.583

ZMS[m1]8.768 + j7.432

ZML[m1]190.668 + j64.090

Source=0(50 ohm)

Load=Conj(ΓS)

Source=ΓLLoad= 0(50 ohm)

Zs:Complex ConjugateOf Source Impedance

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Choose Matching Circuits

CC1C=6.90 pF

LL1L=4.21 nH

Low Pass

LL2L=14.34 nH

CC2C=1.10 pF

Low Pass

CC1C=13.73 pF

LL1

R=L=3.67 nH

High Pass

CC2C=1.77 pF

LL2

R=L=15.81 nH

High Pass

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Example A:Design for Max Gain(二)

m1freq=dB(S(2,1))=19.100

1.000GHzm2freq=nf(2)=3.042

1.000GHz

0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.80.0 2.0

-5

0

5

10

15

20

-10

25

-60

-50

-40

-30

-20

-10

-70

0

freq, GHz

dB(S

(2,1

))

m1

dB(S

(1,1))dB

(S(2,2))

dB(S

(1,2))nf

(2)

m2

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Compare Gain performancewith four type Matching Circuits

0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.80.0 2.0

-40

-30

-20

-10

0

10

20

-50

30

freq, GHz

dB(D

esig

nA_H

Hpa

ss..S

(2,1

))dB

(Des

ignA

_HLp

ass.

.S(2

,1))

dB(D

esig

nA_L

Hpa

ss..S

(2,1

))dB

(Des

ignA

_LLp

ass.

.S(2

,1))

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Compare NF performancewith four type Matching Circuits

0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.80.0 2.0

5

10

15

20

25

0

30

freq, GHz

dB(D

esig

nA_H

Hpa

ss..n

f(2)

)dB

(Des

ignA

_HLp

ass.

.nf(

2))

dB(D

esig

nA_L

Hpa

ss..n

f(2)

)dB

(Des

ignA

_LLp

ass.

.nf(

2))

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Example B:Design for Min. NF

GammaS0.070 / 59.570

GammaL0.362 / -9.541

GammaIN

GammaMS

GammaL

GammaOutSopt

GammaML

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Example B:Result

Min. NFPerfect output matchPoor input match,Acceptable Gaingood isolation

m1freq=dB(S(2,1))=16.649

1.000GHzm2freq=nf(2)=1.414

1.000GHz

0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.80.0 2.0

-5

0

5

10

15

-10

20

-70

-60

-50

-40

-30

-20

-10

-80

0

freq, GHz

dB(S

(2,1

))m1

dB(S

(1,1))dB

(S(2,2))

dB(S

(1,2))

nf(2

)

m2

Page 24: LNA Design - dl.edatop.comdl.edatop.com/mte/ads/edatop.com_5-3LNA Design... · LNA Design Procedure • Read Specification • Choose Device and get a Data Sheet • Prepare S2P data

Example C: Design for Specific Gain, NF and In/Out Return Loss

Choose ΓS andΓL to meet specification:Gain,NF, Γa andΓb

GammaS

GammaIN

Sopt

GammaL

Constant |S22|

Ga=18.5 NF=1.8

GammaA0.236

GammaB0.168

IRL-12.538

ORL-15.500

GammaS0.413 / 159.909

GammaL0.368 / -9.078

Zs22.537 / 18.862

ZL106.755 / -7.652

Page 25: LNA Design - dl.edatop.comdl.edatop.com/mte/ads/edatop.com_5-3LNA Design... · LNA Design Procedure • Read Specification • Choose Device and get a Data Sheet • Prepare S2P data

Example C: Design for Specific Gain, NF and In/Out Return Loss (二)

m1freq=dB(S(2,1))=18.510

1.000GHzm2freq=nf(2)=1.812

1.000GHz

0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.80.0 2.0

-5

0

5

10

15

-10

20

-50

-40

-30

-20

-10

-60

0

freq, GHz

dB(S

(2,1

))

m1

dB(S

(1,1))dB

(S(2,2))

dB(S

(1,2))

nf(2

)

m2

Page 26: LNA Design - dl.edatop.comdl.edatop.com/mte/ads/edatop.com_5-3LNA Design... · LNA Design Procedure • Read Specification • Choose Device and get a Data Sheet • Prepare S2P data

Unique inductive feedback LNA design

• Background: series inductive feedback• Increased input resistance• small shifts to Γopt.• Increased in-band k-factor(increased in-

band stability)• Decreased gain

L

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Designs for both low NF and low input VSWR

ΓS

Γopt

ΓML

ΓMS

ΓIN

IF Γopt=ΓMS=>min. NF and min. |S11|

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The effect of Inductive feedback ΓMS

0.2 nH0.4 nH0.6 nH

Ls

Stability&IndFeedback.dsn

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Example D

GammaS0.260 / 156.123

GammaL0.460 / -18.223

IRL-20.061

ORL-20.000

NF=1.6Ga=15.78

GammaS

GammaL

Choose for vary good In/Out Return Loss Small degraded NF and Gain

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Example D:Result

m1freq=nf(2)=1.585

1.010GHzm2freq=dB(S(2,1))=15.739

1.000GHz

0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.80.0 2.0

-30

-20

-10

0

10

-40

20

-50

-40

-30

-20

-10

-60

0

freq, GHz

dB

(S(2

,1))

m2

dB

(S(1

,1))

dB

(S(2

,2))

dB

(S(1

,2))

nf(

2)

m1

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Compare Four Design Example

Design NF| dB Gain|dB |S11|dB |S22|dB

A 3.1 19.1|max. <-40 <-40

B 1.41|min. 16.6 -4.4 <-40

C 1.8 18.5 -12.2 -15.0

D 1.59 15.74 -20 -20

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