LMST Manual

A manual for Leadership Management Skills Training

A manual for Leadership Management Skills Training

9/7/2015

ContentsI.Introduction:3II.Training Details:3A.Title of the training3B.Duration3C.Objectives3D.Main Contents4E.Methodology4III.Training Contents and Schedule6First Day6A.First Session: Orientation6B.Second Session: Change and its process8C.Constitution and Basic Rights:9D.Social Mobilization and its process:11E.Gender Mainstreaming and Development:14F.Leadership and its qualities:16G.Social Accountability and its tools18H.Advocacy, Networking and Monitoring20I.Communication and Media Engagement221.Time Required:22J.Participatory Monitoring and Its tools25K.Action Plan26

Introduction:

Leadership management skills training are an integral part of development projects. The training capacities the participants by enhancing their knowledge and skills and when linked effectively with the project objectives ensures that the active members of community organization are able to play an effective role in implementation of project activities. This manual will serve as a general guide for any experienced facilitator who intends to deliver a LMST. It contents are designed so that a facilitator can effectively guide those rural communities of Punjab who are participating in development projects with the civil society by increasing their understanding of the development process, enhancing their awareness of their rights and responsibilities, improving their managerial and organizational skills and the understanding of the role and responsibilities of the stakeholders involved in the process. This particular LMST has been designed keeping in view the activities of a livelihood project, aiming to reduce poverty for extremely poor men and women by increasing sustainable income, improving food security and enhancing social and political participation in rural areas of Southern Punjab. The project activities can include improvement of agriculture production, CMST and LMST, establishment of village level seed bank, introduction of high efficiency irrigation system, improvement of livestock management practices, provision of vocational and skill development trainings, entrepreneurship development training and grants, community organization awareness raising and capacity building, risk and vulnerability assessment and planning, advocacy for human rights and linkages development with government authorities and civil society organizations.

Training Details:

Title of the training

The title of the training is Leadership Skills Management Training.

Duration

Three Days residential training

Objectives

During the LMST the participants will

Enhance Leadership skills Be better able analyze their resources & problems and devise strategy to proceed towards self reliance Enhance their understanding on how to lead their community organizations to sustainability. Will have enhanced management and organizational skills. Improved documentation and record keeping. Enhance their Conflict Management Skills. Will learn use of social accountability tools and participatory planning. Improve their knowledge about their Rights and Responsibilities mentioned in Constitution of Pakistan

Main Contents

Change and Social Mobilization Constitution and Basic Rights Participatory and Rural Development Gender mainstreaming and Development Leadership and its qualities Advocacy and Lobbying Process (in context of Punjab local government Act ) .Accountability: Tools and Laws (Right to information to be explained in detail ) Participatory monitoring and its tools. Action Plan

Methodology

Following tools and methodologies will be used during the training.

Manual Development for Trainer Participatory and experience sharing Delivery in local language Interactive Lectures Brainstorming Group work Group Discussions Presentations Quote local examples Role plays Hand outs in local languages and pictorial Use of audio and video tools Thinking process Develop action plan for the use of learnings

An experienced team is required for the training. Before starting the training it is recommended that facilitator or trainer coordinate with project staff for obtaining a detailed briefing of the project, along with analysis of participants profile and existing capacity. The Final Contents of the trainings to be designed keeping in view the nature of the project under which they are being conducted and its objectives with close consultation of project Team. Each sessions relevance needs to be ensured and highlighted to the participants of the training. The groups especially for women trainings need to be formed with care ensuring that each group has literate and active members which can not only guide the others but also facilitate the group in preparing charts. An action plan outlining the future course of action of the group must be made in training with its link with the activities of the project and vigorous follow-up on the action plan must be maintained by project team.

The participants of the training have undergone last year a community management skills training with the following contents.

Development Qualities of an Ideal Activist Community Organization Record Keeping at CO level Communication Skills Livelihoods Conflict Resolution Effective Planning Skills Situation Analysis Basic Human Rights Effective Community Meetings Resource Mobilization Developing Productive Linkages Gender & Development Community Based Disaster Risk Management Salient Features of Local Government Act 2013 Assessment of participants Understanding of GPAF Project Responsibilities & Accountability

The facilitating team is advised to obtain from the project team copy of one of the previous training reports so that they have a better idea of the participants understanding of concepts and during the training to give periodic references to the previous training for clarity purposes.

Training Contents and Schedule

First Day

First Session: Orientation Time Required: One and an half hour.Material required: Charts, Markers, Multi Media, Cards, White BoardObjective:

The objectives of the session will be multiple and designed to lay the foundation of a participatory mutually beneficial training. They will include

To create an equal understanding between the facilitator and participants regard the objectives and the background of the training. Creation of an enabling atmosphere in which the participants are comfortably contributing to the discussion. Introduction of the participants. Establishing guidelines of the training with the help of the participants. Introduction of the project.

Conducting the session

The training will be started with the recitation of the holy Quran. The lead facilitator or a staff member of the implementing organization will welcomed the participants. Lead and Co facilitator will either introduce themselves or will be introduced by staff member. The lead facilitator will take the lead at this point and start with explained the methodology of the training and elaborated on the objectives of the training. He would encourage everyone not to hesitate and take part by asking questions if they are not able to understand any subject being discussed. He will express the hope that the training will be a mutually learning process, and the facilitators will learn as much from the experiences of the participants and vice versa. He will also refer to the previous training and ask participates to what they think they learned from the previous training and how was it useful for them. Next will be the introduction of the participants. It will be done in pairs with everyone asked to introduce a person whom they have not met before the training. They will describe each others name, their village; described one of their strength and one weakness. This group exercise will also serve as an ice breaker and the participants will became less self conscious and more confident. The facilitator will also explain that this exercise also goes to show that many qualities are present in the participants of the training and when these qualities are combined than they will become the strength of their organizations. The facilitator will than facilitate the participants in developing the ground rules of the training. The final ground roles will be written on a chart and hung prominently. They will be read aloud by one of the participants. These normally include Staying attentive during the training. Try to learn as much as you can. Every one opinion to be respected. Mobile Phone on silent Criticism to be avoided. One person to speak at one time. Punctuality.

The last part of the session will consist of a discussion on hopes, expectations and fears of the participants regarding the training. These will be listed down on charts and displayed prominently and frequently referred to during the training. In addition any of the fears that can be addressed will be dealt with through a participatory discussion. The session will end with the facilitator discussing the motivation of the participants about forming CBO and of attending the training. The reply of the participants will then be linked the facilitator to the next session on change.

Second Session: Change and its process

Time Required: One and half hour.Material required: Charts, Markers, Multi Media, Cards, White BoardObjective: The participants understand change and its process. Develop awareness regarding the fact that they themselves individually and collectively are changing and how this training will help them to change in a better way.

Conducting the session

The facilitator will link the answers he had received at the end of the first session with change. He will define change as long drawn process at the end of which state or conditions become different. Example of creation of Pakistan, child walking, wheat sowing can be used to explain. Then individual and group change will be defined. The participants will be asked whether all changes are good or changes can be good or bad. The fact that change comes after a long process for which proper planning needs to be done by the participants will be explained. They will be sensitized on the fact that during this process they will face many hurdles and the participants should not be impatient and follow the process.

With this concept of change explained the facilitator will then engage the participants in a discussion on what they want to change in their life and how this training and the project will help them in this regard.

The participants answer would broadly that they want to change their social and economic conditions by educating their children and improving their livelihoods. This statement will become the goal of the participants.

At this point the facilitator will engage the participants in an interactive discussion regarding the process of change as defined below.

The decision of the individual or a group that they wanted to change I.e. a change in thinking. Establishing Goal /objective Planning as per objective. Taking steps as per planning

At the end of the session the participants awareness of the change process will should be clearer. They should understand that they have already taken the first two steps and now have to plan to achieve their goal.

Constitution and Basic Rights:

Time Required: Two hours.Material required: Charts, Markers, Multi Media, Cards, White Board, copies of chapter One of Fundamental rights of the latest edition of the constitution of Pakistan.

Objective: The participants understand the concept of the constitution.Understanding about Fundamental rights is enhanced

Conducting the session:

The session will start with the facilitator linking the previous sessions with what the participants understand from the term Right. As the participants should have some knowledge of the subject (covered during previous training) so the participants responses will be used by the facilitator to explain that right means legal, social, or ethicalprinciplesoffreedomorentitlement; that is, rights are the fundamentalrules about what is allowed of people or owed to people, according to some legal system, social convention, or ethical theory. The

The facilitator will now explain the Universal Declaration of Rights issued by the United Nations in 1948 under which all human beings of the world enjoy basic rights and fundamental freedoms. The right to life and security, the right to be free, the right to move, and the right to a fair trial are some of the examples.The discussion will then be turned towards the right of the Pakistani citizen. The participants will be asked who is responsible to ensure that they enjoy basic rights. As the discussion will than turn towards the state of Pakistan the facilitator will ensure that all participants understand

What is a state Groups of people which have acquired international recognition as an independent country and which have a population, a common language and a defined and distinct territory. What kind of a state Pakistan is A federal parliamentary republic state, a federation that comprises four provinces. The facilitator will explain that when state come into existence one of the first step that is taken is the development of a constitution. She or he will define that the constitution as a contract between the state and its citizen and as document which binds the country together. The History of the constitution of Pakistan will be discussed, summarized as follows. Objective resolution of 1949 which has been controversial as many feel that the resolution does not truly reflect the Quid desire for the new state. The 1956 constitution which remained in place for two years. 1962 constitution by Ayub Khan which lasted till 1969. 1973 constitution which is now in place. The 18th amendment to the constitution in 2010 which decentralized most of the governance functions.

The facilitator will than explain that the constitution of Pakistan guarantees certain basic rights called Fundamental Rights to its people and its the responsibility of the government to provide them. These include

The right to security of a person. Equality of citizens. (Can be linked to local schemes of extension departments like drip irrigation or others. Mostly the benefit of the schemes is obtained by the powerful and well connected farmers. As an equal citizen of the country poor farmers are entitled to schemes that benefit them also). Freedom of movement. (Important in context of women participants). Right to a fair trial. Right to education etc.

She or He will also explain about some of the responsibilities of the citizens assigned under the same constitution example can be of obeying law, having a driving license when driving a bike or a car, paying taxes etc. The facilitator will stress on the importance of basic rights and will explain to the participants that people have struggled a lot for these rights.

The second part of the session will consist of group work. Participants will be divided into four groups and each group will be given copies of the chapter on basic rights and the rights will be divided appropriate in the groups. In case there are groups which do not have literate or active members should be assigned relatively easy laws like 15 to 18 etc. Group with active members should be assigned the right to education and the rights to information as these are very important newly obtained rights. The participants will be asked to study the allocated basic rights and write down what they understood in their own language. The groups will then give presentation and will facilitated by the facilitator who will elaborated each right and explain them in great detail in an interactive session with the participants. Special emphasis was placed on the right to free education and right to information. The facilitator should inform the participants that Right to information will also be discussed separately.

Along with the concept of state and constitution at the end of the session the participants should have understanding of their fundamental rights and how this knowledge can be used by them in implementation of their project activities.

Social Mobilization and its process:

Time Required: Two hours.Material required: Charts, Markers, Multi Media, Cards, White BoardObjective: The participants understand the concept and philosophy of social mobilization.

The participants are able to utilize social mobilization tools to achieve their goal and objectives.

Conducting the Session

The facilitator now elaborates further and explains how through social mobilization the process of change can be influenced/ energized to bring benefits to the communities. He/she will define it as a self reliant process that raises awareness and motivates people to demand change or a particular development. An aspect on which the facilitator will pay particular intention is that in order for Social mobilization to be effective it has to aim at sustainable social and economic development and the process of democratization.

Or the facilitator can explain it as a

He or she can explain that social mobilization is a planned decentralized process that seeks to facilitate change through a range of players engaged in interrelated and complementary efforts. It takes into account the felt needs of the people, embraces the critical principle of community involvement, and seeks to empower individuals and groups for action. Mobilizing the necessary resources, disseminating information tailored to varying audiences, generating inter sectoral support, and fostering cross-professional alliances

The facilitator will explain that social mobilization aims to Sensitize the community regarding their needs, right and current development status including available resources. Helping the community change from a passive to an active role. Highlight the importance of education, health and development in improving the quality of life. Enables the community to work together in the form of grass root organizations. Enhance leadership and management capacities of community so that they are able to decide and manage development activities. Strengthening community participation and maintaining progress towards the goal of sustainable development.

Examples of Akhtar Hammed khan sb efforts through the Orangi Pilot project in this regard can be given. Historical examples could include how the women got the right to vote in developed countries, the civil right movement etc.

The facilitator will utilize any of the above examples and further explain the social mobilization process by listing down the key steps taken during the social mobilization process. The facilitator will explain each of the following steps by linking it with the example he or she has chosen above

Sensitization Orientation and awareness development Motivation and social preparation. Capacity building and organizational development Linkages building with other stakeholders. Information and knowledge sharing. Generation of resources Community empowerment and self reliance.

He will involve the participants in listing down all relevant stakeholders who will be involved or facilitate the participants and their community organizations during the implementation of the project activities. So that the participants understand that in addition to individuals and group the social mobilization also involve all relevant segments of society. These stakeholders are

Policymakers and other decision-makers. Opinion leaders. (Pro poor schemes for agriculture) The media, District and provincial government. Bureaucrats and technical experts. religious groups, The academia (introducing new technologies) professional associations, the private sector, NGOs and other civil society members.

At this juncture social mobilization process will be linked with the life cycle of community organization as this topic relates to change and other topics and participants will be able to understand in a better manner.

The life cycle will be defined as different stages through which community organizations go through example of a human being being born to dying will be used to illustrate. It will be explained that an CBO goes through five stages which are

1. Stage One: Imagine and Inspire ("Can the dream be realized?")2. Stage Two: Found and Frame ("How are we going to pull this off?")3. Stage Three: Ground and Grow ("How can we build this to be viable?")4. Stage Four: Produce and Sustain ("How can the momentum be sustained?")5. Stage Five: Review and Renew ("What do we need to redesign?").

The facilitator will explain that their CBOs are in the second stage and now they need to plan how they are going to achieve their objectives.

Second Day

The second day will start with the recitation of the Holy Quran and then a review of the previous day will be conducted. Facilitator engaging the participants in an interactive discussion recap will recap the concepts of the first day making sure that the link of each sessions with others is once again made clear, any questions or queries in this regard will be addressed in a appropriate manner. The facilitators will also utilize the opening session to judge the participants ability to retain what they had learned the previous day and if they feel that any participant or participants still need more discussions to clear any concept of the previous day than it is important that discussion should take place during the review session. The review should not take more than thirty minutes but time can be extended if required.

Gender Mainstreaming and Development:Time Required: Two hours working tea will be included in the session. Material required: Charts, Markers, Multi Media, Cards, White BoardObjective:

The participants understand the The concept of gender, gender discriminating and gender equity. What is gender mainstreaming and how its linked with development. Role of women in our society and its importance in our society

Conducting the session:

The facilitator will start by asking the definition of gender from the participants. Gender will be defined as the state of being male or female. Then the facilitator will ask the participants whether they think that in our society women have equal rights to men and are they treated equal to men. The answers of the participants will be used to explain the current situation as gender discrimination which will be defined as prejudice based on sex or gender.

The Facilitator will disapprove some prevailing notions which promote gender discrimination in our society by explaining to the participants that men and women are equal and both have the same kind of capabilities and the only physical difference is that women can reproduce and men cant. The facilitator will explain that women have been stereotyped as the weak gender or sex which is wrong. The following perceptions will be addressed by the facilitator.

Men are stronger and can work more will be disapproved using the example of child bearing and elaborating on the work load of the rural women. Men are more intelligent than women will be addressed using examples of successful women political, business and social leaders like Benazir Bhutto, Mother Teresa The perception that men are more brave and courageous than women will be disapproved using examples of Muslim women leaders like Razia Sultana, the wives and daughters of the holy prophet.

The facilitators will emphasis the importance and prominence given to women by Islam. She or he will explain that it took European societies till the twentieth century to give women the same rights and status which had been accorded to women under Islamic and society in the seventh century. The right to property can be used as an example in this regard.

Then as some of participants negative ideas regarding women have been addressed, the concept of gender equality will be discussed, it will be defined as the state or condition in which men and women enjoy the same rights and opportunities. The facilitator will explain that it has been recognized worldwide that sustainable development will not be achieved unless women and girls are able to fully realize their rights in all spheres of life.

Then group work will be assigned, one group will be asked to list down discriminations faced by women in their communities and how these discriminations can be addressed. The remaining three groups will each be asked to take one major activity of their project and highlight women importance and role in successfully completing those activities and how their involvement can be ensured. The women involvement in trainings on poultry and livestock or the women beneficiaries role in small scale enterprises through cash grants can be discussed. The final choice should rest with the participants. During the presentations the facilitator will make sure that all points are elaborated by referring to the concepts discussed previously in the session. This will enable the participants to enhance their understanding of the concepts by relating to every day practical examples.

Leadership and its qualities:

Time Required:One and a half hours.Material required: Charts, Markers, Multi Media, Cards, White Board Objective: The participants understand

Concept of leadership Qualities of a good community leader Avoiding Conducting the session

The session will begin with the facilitator asking the question What is a Leader?The participants answer will vary and mostly will range around One who is in charge, the one who is in power, one who leads a group etc. The facilitator will use these answers to define leader as someone Who guides/lead a group, community, organization or a country. The facilitator will give examples of good international leaders like Mohammad Ali Jinnah or Winston Churchill, Mahatma Gandhi, Margaret Thatcher etc. She or he will also give example of bad leader like Adolf Hitler, Stalin etc. She or he will explain that good leaders consider themselves servants of their followers not their commander or boss. The difference between an elected leader and a leader selected by consensus was explainedThe facilitator will explain that we are concentrating on community leaders as the participants of the training are leaders of their community organizations and in order to be good leaders they must have the respect and support of their respective communities. It was explained that community leadership involves participatory approach. Which will be defined as leadership based onrespect and engagement, a more advanced, more democratic and more effective model of leadership, which harnessesdiversity,buildscommunity, and creates shared responsibility for actions and deepens individual and collective learning yieldingrealdevelopment and growth.

For this purpose they need to understand the qualities of a good leader which can also be described as the Dos of a good community leader and also learn to avoid those actions which people associate with bad leaders i.e. the dont.

Than the facilitator will assign group work to the participants during which the good and bad characteristics of a leaders will be discussed through group work. Two groups will discuss and presented the qualities which should be possessed by a good leader. Which should include the following if any is missed by participants then the facilitator will add during discussions in presentations.

integrity Visionary honesty humility courage commitment sincerity passion/pro activeness confidence positivity wisdom determination compassion sensitivity Clarity Knowing one strength and limits. Lead by example.

The remaining two groups will discuss the qualities which should not be possessed by a good leader. This will be the opposite of the above. With this session will be ended and lunch break will be announced.

Social Accountability and its tools

Time Required:One HourMaterial required: Charts, Markers, Multi Media, Cards, White Board, copy of Right to information act 2013. Objective: The participants Understand

a) The concept of social accountability

b) How to use tools of social accountability like right to information.

Conducting the session

The session will start with the definition of social accountability, which will be defined as An approach towards building accountabilitythat relies on civic engagement, i.e., in which it is ordinary citizens and/or civil society organizations who participate directly or indirectly in exactingaccountability. The process of accountability in the context of community organizations will be given as

To include the people in what is being done because if you dont include people they will suspect you and will not be cooperate with you. All relevant information needs to be given to people. Record to be maintained. Audit to be done. Then the facilitator will explain that social accountability can be done through many methods and techniques which include Public audit Public hearing Civic education Public Expenditure tracking Right to information law

The facilitator will explain that we will be concentrating on Right to information act 2013 as this is the most comprehensive new law which will be most effective in our scenario. Reference will be given to the session on rights in which the Right to information law had been touched upon. He will explain that explained how right to information can be used for improving accountability and transparency.

The Right to Information Act 2013 will be explained and how it can be used as a major tool in ensuring accountability of government organizations and in terms of better knowledge about different government departments/officials roles and responsibilities, budgets and different schemes. The history of the law will be given. The participants will be informed about the struggles that had gone in getting the law approved. They will be told that Punjab is the last province in the country to pass this law and that the law importance should not be underestimated and the judicious use of the right to information law would help the participants in their struggle towards self reliance.

After an interactive and participatory discussion on the act, group work will be started. The participants will be divided into different groups and each group will be given a copy of the law in Urdu. The groups will work on the following.

The first group will work on the introduction of the law and explanation of the terms given in the law. The second group will explain the roles and responsibilities of the information commission formed under the law to monitor its implementation and explained its roles and responsibility. The third group explains the procedure for filling a request under the law. The fourth group will explain the procedure in case the request is not being responded and the kind of information which cannot be obtained under the law.

At the end of the session the participants will be aware of the fact that it is their right to obtain information from the government, the type of information that can be obtained and how that can be obtained. The facilitator will explain that as they now understand its their right they will be more confident while talking to government officials and this will be helpful while forming their advocacy strategy and developing linkages and asking for facilitation for different government schemes and services.

Advocacy, Networking and Monitoring0. Time Required:Two hoursMaterial required: Charts, Markers, Multi Media, Cards, White Board, copy of Right to information act 2013. Objective: The participants Understand

a) The concept and techniques of advocacy and networking.b) Monitoring and its tools

Conducting the Session

The facilitator will emphasis importance of the session, link it with the rights and other related sessions and explain that the participants are engaged in advocacy through their community based organization. He or she will ask the participants what they think advocacy means and will define it as as any action that speaks in favor of, recommends, argues for a cause, supports or defends, or pleads on behalf of others.Or Advocacy is speaking acting, writing with minimal conflict of interest on behalf of the sincerely perceived interests of a disadvantaged person or group to promote, protect and defend their welfare and justice by being on their side and no-one elses being primarily concerned with their fundamental needs remaining loyal and accountable to them in a way which is emphatic and vigorous and which is, or is likely to be, costly to the advocate or advocacy group[footnoteRef:2] [2: Dr Wolf Wolfensberger]

The facilitator will explain that although advocacy has many types like individual and parent advocacy but we will be concentrating on Citizen and system advocacy. Citizen advocacy will be described as a community based movement that aims to recognize, promote and defend the rights, well being and interests of people with intellectual and/or multiple disabilities.System advocacy will be described as influencing and changing the system (legislation, policy and practices) in ways that will benefit people with a disability as a group within society

The facilitator will now discuss with the participants and list on chart the activities comprise advocacy work. These would include

Organizing: Build power at the base Educating the Public on various issues, mechanisms and processes. Research Organizing a rally or a seminar. Lobbying Training

The facilitator will now explain Networking is an important role for people who are engaged in advocacy initiatives. advocates to both establish key links within their community as well as keeping up to date with local resources, services and activities. In addition, advocates need to be proactive in identifying opportunities for setting up new networks for the benefit of local consumers. Networks and key contacts provide advocates with helpful information about the community they work in as well as opportunities for sharing information of mutual benefit.

Now after the participants have a general understanding of advocacy and networking the link with the local government elections which are finally expected this year in Punjab will be explained as offering a unique opportunity to community organizations like theirs for achieving their goals and objectives, as Local governments will be responsible for most of the basic services and will play a critical role in resolving issues of their areas. The scenario regarding the act and the election to take place will be discussed and it will pointed out to the participants that in order to be able to successfully develop productive linkages with the local government it was necessary to have knowledge about composition, roles and responsibilities of its different departments/ councils of the local government.

Group work will be initiated with three groups formed and copies of the local government act of 2013 will be distributed among them. They will be asked to read the roles and responsibilities of the following.

Union Council Thesil Council District Council

The participants will gave presentations and the facilitator will elaborate the points with practical examples so that the participants could understand clearly how different councils are going to be composed and what they are going to do and refereeing back to the session on community organizations how instrumental these councils can be in facilitating organizations in achieving these objectives. The facilitator will also discuss with the participants how now they can utilize the learnings of this session while developing the action plan

Third Day

The third day will start with the recitation of the Holy Quran and then a review of the previous two days will be conducted. Facilitator will engage the participants in an interactive discussion with highlights being noted by one of the participants on chart paper and then subsequently placed on the wall.

The facilitators will also utilize the opening session to judge the participants ability to retain what they had learned during the previous day and if they feel that any participant or participants still need more discussions to clear any concept of the previous day than it is important that discussion should take place during the review session. The review should not take more than thirty minutes but time can be extended if required.

Communication and Media Engagement

Time Required:One HourMaterial required: Charts, Markers, Multi Media, Cards, White Board, 3 Objective: The participants Understand

a) What is communication, its concept and process?

b) Media Management do and dont.

4 Conducting the session

The facilitator will start the session with explaining that communication and media engagement plays a critical role in ensuring the success of any community based organization. Communication will be defined as the imparting or exchanging of information by speaking, writing, or using some other medium and as a Two-wayprocess reachingmutualunderstanding during which the participants not onlyexchange(encode-decode)information,news,ideasand feelings but alsocreateandsharemeaning.

In an interactive discussion with participants the steps of communication will be laid out as follows.

Message creation Delivery of message Receiving the message Understanding the message Acting on the message

The facilitator will discuss in detail each of the above steps with the participants, creating scenarios including possible hurdles and pitfalls etc. In order to make clear how message travels and gets distorted as it is communication from one person to another; The facilitator will give a message to one of the participants and ask him or her to communication in private the same message and so and the last participant who receives the message will tell the whole group the message and facilitator will explain what happened.

The facilitator and the participants will engage in an interactive discussion regarding what should be kept in mind while communicating with each other these steps are

Knowing about the person for whom the message is intended. Message should be in sequence and understandable. Should be short and complete. Should not be conveyed in words that have more than one meaning. I.e. should be clear. Should convey the required information regarding the under discussion subject.

The discussion will turn towards the person who is receiving the message. He or she should

Listen carefully to the message. Should try to understand the whole message before reacting. If the message is not clear than should ask for clarification.

Now that the concept of communication is clear discussion will turn towards media engagement, the facilitator will explain that media comprising of electronic, print and social media helps keep the public informed and can shape public opinion and perspectives. If used judiciously and responsibly, the media can not only encapsulate and articulate the voice of the masses and act as a valuable instrument of accountability, but also provide the means of a constant dialogue between the public functionaries and the citizenryFor the purpose of a CBO, local newspapers and social media is an important tool through which they can raise their voice regarding various issues, share information regarding their activities and fund raising.

Dos and Donts of Media Engagement will be discussed with the Dos being

Stay on Message give concise to the point information. Listen to the question carefully. Be yourself Keep up appearances. Be aware of your body language do not fidget, drum your fingers, play with your jewelry, or act nervous. Dress appropriately for the occasion and for your audience. Practice what you are going to say beforehand. If required bring notes and take notes Provide background information in a clear manner preferably in written form. Remember Deadlines and respect them. Remember Repetition equals Retention. Repeat your message as much possible.

The donts will be

Use difficult or technical language. Keep your message simple. Lie, embellish, or generalize. Be Defensive Or Lose Your Temper Let Inaccurate Statements Go Unchallenged Feel Pressured To Fill An Awkward Silence Be Afraid To Say I Dont Know

Participatory Monitoring and Its tools

Time Required:One HourMaterial required: Charts, Markers, Multi Media, Cards, White Board, 3 Objective: The participants Understand

c) What are participatory monitoring, its concept and process? d) Tools and process learning from past experiences

4 Conducting the session

The facilitator will explain the definition of monitoring as a continuous process of collecting and analyzing information to compare how well a project, programme or policy is being implemented against expected results.Monitoring aims at providing managers and majorstakeholderswith regular feedback and early indications of progress or lack thereof in the achievement of intended results. It generally involves collecting and analyzing data on implementation processes,strategiesand results, and recommending corrective measures[footnoteRef:3]. [3: (INTERNATIONAL FEDERATION OF RED CROSS AND RED CRESCENT SOCIETIES 2007). ]

Participatory monitoring will be defined as a process through whichstakeholdersat various levels engage inmonitoringor evaluating a particular project, program or policy, share control over the content, the process and the results of themonitoringand evaluation (M&E) activity and engage in taking or identifying corrective actions. PM&E focuses on the active engagement of primarystakeholders[footnoteRef:4]. [4: (WORLD BANK 2010a)]

The facilitator will explain that Participatory Monitoring is one of many approaches to ensure that the implementation of the different projects within the action plan or smaller individual projects leadsto the expected outcomes. As with all othermonitoringand evaluation elements, the process for PM&E has to be prepared prior to project implementation[footnoteRef:5] [5: (PHILIP et al. 2008).]

Thestakeholdergroups involved in the process will be explained as: the beneficiaries; intermediary organizations, including NGOs; private sector businesses involved in the project; and government staff at all levels

The principals of participatory monitoring will be discussed as

Local people are active participants not just sources of information. Stakeholdersevaluate, outsiders facilitate. Focus on buildingstakeholdercapacity for analysis and problem-solving. Process builds commitment to implementing any recommended corrective actions.

The process of participatory planning will be explained as

Planning, determining objectives and indicators. Discuss reasons for monitoring Discuss objectives and indicators Develop monitoring questions. Develop direct and indirect indicators.

Gathering Data. Deciding what information gathering tools are required e.g. any survey, CBO programme and financial records, Deciding who will gather the data.

Analyzing Data Deciding who and how the data will be analyzed. Sharing the information and defining actions to be taken.

Action Plan

During the last session participants will make an action plan describing their activities for the next one year, these activities will comprise of GPAF project activities plus other activities in response to needs of the area. The process will be started with the explanation of its objectives and the need for practicality while devising the plan. It will also be stressed that all the participants need to be convinced on the plan and any doubts should be voiced with hesitations. The facilitators will assert that while devising the plan the participants need to incorporate their learnings of the previous days and that any plan made at the training will be provisional and the participants will be responsible for presenting the plans to the remaining members of their community organizations, convincing them and making changes as per their suggestions. The duration of the plan will be decided by mutual consultation (a one year plan is advisable). The format of the plan is recommended as

Description of the activityResponsibility Date of completionResources requiredStakeholders

The participants will be divided into groups, different methods can be used at this stage, and participants can be grouped CBO wise with each CBO members making their own plan while a cluster or union council wise grouping can also be utilized. These groups will utilize the previous group works in different sessions for preparing the plan.

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