LM4040 I Z + I L I L I Z V S V Z R S Product Folder Sample & Buy Technical Documents Tools & Software Support & Community LM4040A10, LM4040A20 SLOS456M – JANUARY 2005 – REVISED JANUARY 2015 LM4040xxx Precision Micropower Shunt Voltage Reference 1 Features 3 Description The LM4040 series of shunt voltage references are 1• Fixed Output Voltages of 2.048 V, 2.5 V, 3 V, versatile, easy-to-use references that cater to a vast 4.096 V, 5 V, 8.192 V, and 10 V array of applications. The 2-pin fixed-output device • Tight Output Tolerances and Low Temperature requires no external capacitors for operation and is Coefficient stable with all capacitive loads. Additionally, the reference offers low dynamic impedance, low noise, – Max 0.1%, 100 ppm/°C – A Grade and low temperature coefficient to ensure a stable – Max 0.2%, 100 ppm/°C – B Grade output voltage over a wide range of operating – Max 0.5%, 100 ppm/°C – C Grade currents and temperatures. The LM4040 uses fuse – Max 1.0%, 150 ppm/°C – D Grade and Zener-zap reverse breakdown voltage trim during wafer sort to offer four output voltage tolerances, • Low Output Noise: 35 μV RMS Typ ranging from 0.1% (max) for the A grade to 1% (max) • Wide Operating Current Range: 45 μA Typ to 15 for the D grade. Thus, a great deal of flexibility is mA offered to designers in choosing the best cost-to- • Stable With All Capacitive Loads; No Output performance ratio for their applications. Capacitor Required Packaged in space-saving SC-70 and SOT-23-3 • Available in Extended Temperature Range: –40°C packages and requiring a minimum current of 45 μA to 125°C (typ), the LM4040 also is ideal for portable applications. The LM4040xI is characterized for operation over an ambient temperature range of 2 Applications –40°C to 85°C. The LM4040xQ is characterized for • Data-Acquisition Systems operation over an ambient temperature range of • Power Supplies and Power-Supply Monitors –40°C to 125°C. • Instrumentation and Test Equipment Device Information (1) • Process Controls PART NUMBER PACKAGE (PIN) BODY SIZE (NOM) • Precision Audio SOT-23 (3) 2.92 mm × 1.30 mm • Automotive Electronics LM4040xxx SC70 (6) 2.00 mm × 1.25 mm • Energy Management (1) For all available packages, see the orderable addendum at • Battery-Powered Equipment the end of the data sheet. 4 Simplified Schematic 1 An IMPORTANT NOTICE at the end of this data sheet addresses availability, warranty, changes, use in safety-critical applications, intellectual property matters and other important disclaimers. PRODUCTION DATA.
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LM4040
IZ + IL
IL
IZ
VS
VZ
RS
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LM4040A10, LM4040A20SLOS456M –JANUARY 2005–REVISED JANUARY 2015
LM4040xxx Precision Micropower Shunt Voltage Reference1 Features 3 Description
The LM4040 series of shunt voltage references are1• Fixed Output Voltages of 2.048 V, 2.5 V, 3 V,
versatile, easy-to-use references that cater to a vast4.096 V, 5 V, 8.192 V, and 10 Varray of applications. The 2-pin fixed-output device
• Tight Output Tolerances and Low Temperature requires no external capacitors for operation and isCoefficient stable with all capacitive loads. Additionally, the
reference offers low dynamic impedance, low noise,– Max 0.1%, 100 ppm/°C – A Gradeand low temperature coefficient to ensure a stable– Max 0.2%, 100 ppm/°C – B Gradeoutput voltage over a wide range of operating
– Max 0.5%, 100 ppm/°C – C Grade currents and temperatures. The LM4040 uses fuse– Max 1.0%, 150 ppm/°C – D Grade and Zener-zap reverse breakdown voltage trim during
wafer sort to offer four output voltage tolerances,• Low Output Noise: 35 μVRMS Typranging from 0.1% (max) for the A grade to 1% (max)• Wide Operating Current Range: 45 μA Typ to 15 for the D grade. Thus, a great deal of flexibility is
mA offered to designers in choosing the best cost-to-• Stable With All Capacitive Loads; No Output performance ratio for their applications.
Capacitor Required Packaged in space-saving SC-70 and SOT-23-3• Available in Extended Temperature Range: –40°C packages and requiring a minimum current of 45 μA
to 125°C (typ), the LM4040 also is ideal for portableapplications. The LM4040xI is characterized foroperation over an ambient temperature range of2 Applications–40°C to 85°C. The LM4040xQ is characterized for• Data-Acquisition Systems operation over an ambient temperature range of
• Power Supplies and Power-Supply Monitors –40°C to 125°C.• Instrumentation and Test Equipment
Device Information(1)• Process Controls
PART NUMBER PACKAGE (PIN) BODY SIZE (NOM)• Precision AudioSOT-23 (3) 2.92 mm × 1.30 mm• Automotive Electronics LM4040xxxSC70 (6) 2.00 mm × 1.25 mm
• Energy Management(1) For all available packages, see the orderable addendum at• Battery-Powered Equipment the end of the data sheet.
4 Simplified Schematic
1
An IMPORTANT NOTICE at the end of this data sheet addresses availability, warranty, changes, use in safety-critical applications,intellectual property matters and other important disclaimers. PRODUCTION DATA.
LM4040A10, LM4040A20SLOS456M –JANUARY 2005–REVISED JANUARY 2015 www.ti.com
Table of ContentsCharacteristics ......................................................... 171 Features .................................................................. 1
Information ........................................................... 307.16 LM4040A50I, LM4040B50I Electrical
5 Revision History
Changes from Revision L (January 2009) to Revision M Page
• Added Applications, Device Information table, Pin Functions table, ESD Ratings table, Thermal Information table,Feature Description section, Device Functional Modes, Application and Implementation section, Power SupplyRecommendations section, Layout section, Device and Documentation Support section, and Mechanical,Packaging, and Orderable Information section. ..................................................................................................................... 1
• Deleted Ordering Information table. ....................................................................................................................................... 1
LM4040A10, LM4040A20www.ti.com SLOS456M –JANUARY 2005–REVISED JANUARY 2015
Table 1. Device Comparison Table (1)
DEVICE ORDERABLETA VKAGRADE PART NUMBER
2.048 V LM4040A20I
2.5 V LM4040A25IA grade:0.1% initial 3 V LM4040A30Iaccuracy
and 4.096 V LM4040A41I100 ppm/°C 5 V LM4040A50Itemperaturecoefficient 8.192 V LM4040A82I
10 V LM4040A10I–40°C to 85°C
2.048 V LM4040B20I
2.5 V LM4040B25IB grade:0.2% initial 3 V LM4040B30Iaccuracy
and 4.096 V LM4040B41I100 ppm/°C 5 V LM4040B50Itemperaturecoefficient 8.192 V LM4040B82I
10 V LM4040B10I
2.048 V LM4040C20I
2.5 V LM4040C25IC grade:0.5% initial 3 V LM4040C30Iaccuracy
–40°C to 85°C and 4.096 V LM4040C41I100 ppm/°C 5 V LM4040C50Itemperaturecoefficient 8.192 V LM4040C82I
10 V LM4040C10I
2.048 V LM4040D20I
2.5 V LM4040D25ID grade:1.0% initial 3 V LM4040D30Iaccuracy
–40°C to 85°C and 4.096 V LM4040D41I150 ppm/°C 5 V LM4040D50Itemperaturecoefficient 8.192 V LM4040D82I
10 V LM4040D10I
C grade: 2.048 V LM4040C20Q0.5% initial 2.5 V LM4040C25Qaccuracy
and 3 V LM4040C30Q100 ppm/°Ctemperature 5 V LM4040C50Qcoefficient
–40°C to 125°CD grade: 2.048 V LM4040D20Q
1.0% initial 2.5 V LM4040D25Qaccuracyand 3 V LM4040D30Q
150 ppm/°Ctemperature 5 V LM4040D50Qcoefficient
(1) For the most current package and ordering information, see the Package Option Addendum at the end of this document, or see the TIweb site at www.ti.com.
LM4040A10, LM4040A20SLOS456M –JANUARY 2005–REVISED JANUARY 2015 www.ti.com
6 Pin Configuration and Functions
Pin FunctionsPIN
TYPE DESCRIPTIONNAME DBZ DCKCATHODE 1 3 I/O Shunt Current/Voltage inputANODE 2 1 O Common pin, normally connected to groundNC — 2, 4, 5 I No Internal Connection* 3 — I Substrate Connection
LM4040A10, LM4040A20www.ti.com SLOS456M –JANUARY 2005–REVISED JANUARY 2015
7 Specifications
7.1 Absolute Maximum Ratingsover free-air temperature range (unless otherwise noted) (1)
MIN MAX UNITIZ Continuous cathode current –10 25 mATJ Operating virtual junction temperature 150 °CTstg Storage temperature range –65 150 °C
(1) Stresses beyond those listed under Absolute Maximum Ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratingsonly, and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated under Recommended OperatingConditionsis not implied. Exposure to absolute-maximum-rated conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.
7.2 ESD RatingsVALUE UNIT
Human body model (HBM), per ANSI/ESDA/JEDEC JS-001, all pins (1) ±2000V(ESD) Electrostatic discharge VCharged device model (CDM), per JEDEC specification JESD22-C101, ±1000
all pins (2)
(1) JEDEC document JEP155 states that 500-V HBM allows safe manufacturing with a standard ESD control process.(2) JEDEC document JEP157 states that 250-V CDM allows safe manufacturing with a standard ESD control process.
LM4040A10, LM4040A20www.ti.com SLOS456M –JANUARY 2005–REVISED JANUARY 2015
8 Detailed Description
8.1 OverviewThe LM4040 is a precision micro-power curvature-corrected bandgap shunt voltage reference. The LM4040 hasbeen designed for stable operation without the need of an external capacitor connected between the “+” pin andthe “−” pin. If, however, a bypass capacitor is used, the LM4040 remains stable.
LM4040 offers several fixed reverse breakdown voltages: 2.048 V, 2.500 V, 3.000 V, 4.096 V, 5.000 V, 6.000,8.192 V, and 10.000 V. The minimum operating current increases from 60 µA for the LM4040-N-2.048 andLM4040-N-2.5 to 100 μA for the 10.0-V LM4040. All versions have a maximum operating current of 15 mA.
Each reverse voltage options can be purchased with initial tolerances (at 25°C) of 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.5% and 1.0%.These reference options are denoted by A (0.1%), B (0.2%), C (0.5%) and D for (1.0%).
The LM4040xxxI devices are characterized for operation from –40°C to 85°C, and the LM4040xxxQ devices arecharacterized for operation from –40°C to 125°C.
8.2 Functional Block Diagram
8.3 Feature DescriptionA temperature compensated band gap voltage reference controls high gain amplifier and shunt pass element tomaintain a nearly constant voltage between cathode and anode. Regulation occurs after a minimum current isprovided to power the voltage divider and amplifier. Internal frequency compensation provides a stable loop forall capacitor loads. Floating shunt design is useful for both positive and negative regulation applications.
8.4 Device Functional Modes
8.4.1 Shunt ReferenceLM4040x will operate in one mode, which is as a fixed voltage reference that cannot be adjusted. LM4040x doesoffer various Reverse Voltage options that have unique electrical characteristics detailed in the Specificationssection.
In order for a proper Reverse Voltage to be developed, current must be sourced into the cathode of LM4040x.The minimum current needed for proper regulation is denoted in the Specifications section as IZ,min.
LM4040A10, LM4040A20SLOS456M –JANUARY 2005–REVISED JANUARY 2015 www.ti.com
9 Applications and Implementation
NOTEInformation in the following applications sections is not part of the TI componentspecification, and TI does not warrant its accuracy or completeness. TI’s customers areresponsible for determining suitability of components for their purposes. Customers shouldvalidate and test their design implementation to confirm system functionality.
9.1 Application InformationLM4040xxx is a well known industry standard device used in several applications and end equipment where areference is required. Below describes this device being used in a data acquisition system. Analog to Digitalconversion systems are the most common applications to use LM4040x due to its low reference tolerance whichallows high precision in these systems.
9.2 Typical Applications
Figure 6. Data-Acquisition Circuit With LM4040x-41
9.2.1 Design RequirementsFor this design example, use the parameters listed in Table 2 as the input parameters.
Table 2. Design ParametersDESIGN PARAMETER EXAMPLE VALUE
ADC FSR (Full Scale Range) 4.096ADC Resolution 12 BitsSupply Voltage 5 V
LM4040A10, LM4040A20www.ti.com SLOS456M –JANUARY 2005–REVISED JANUARY 2015
9.2.2 Detailed Design ProcedureWhen using LM4040x as a comparator with reference, determine the following:• Input voltage range• Reference voltage accuracy• Output logic input high and low level thresholds• Current source resistance
9.2.2.1 LM4040x Voltage and Accuracy ChoiceWhen using LM4040x as a reference for an ADC, the ADC's FSR (Full Scale Range), Resolution and LSB mustbe determined. LSB can be determined by:
LSB=FSR/(2N-1)With N being the resolution or Number of Bits. FSR and Resolution can be determined by the ADC's datasheet.
Vref can be determined by:
Vref=FSR+LSBThough modern data converters use calibration techniques to compensate for any error introduced by a Vref'sinaccuracy, it is best to use the highest accuracy available. This is due to errors in the calibration method thatmay allow some non-linearities introduced by the Vref's initial accuracy.
A good example is the LM4040x-41 that is designed to be a cost-effective voltage reference as required in 12-bitdata-acquisition systems. For 12-bit systems operating from 5-V supplies (see Figure 6), the LM4040A-41 (4.096V, 0.01%) only introduces 4 LSBs (4mV) of possible error in a system that consists of 4096 LSBs.
9.2.2.2 Cathode and Load CurrentsIn a typical shunt-regulator configuration (see Figure 7), an external resistor, RS, is connected between thesupply and the cathode of the LM4040. RS must be set properly, as it sets the total current available to supplythe load (IL) and bias the LM4040 (IZ). In all cases, IZ must stay within a specified range for proper operation ofthe reference. Taking into consideration one extreme in the variation of the load and supply voltage (maximum ILand minimum VS), RS must be small enough to supply the minimum IZ required for operation of the regulator, asgiven by data-sheet parameters. At the other extreme, maximum VS and minimum IL, RS must be large enoughto limit IZ to less than its maximum-rated value of 15 mA.
RS is calculated according to Equation 1:
(1)
Figure 7. Shunt Regulator
9.2.2.3 Output CapacitorThe LM4040 does not require an output capacitor across cathode and anode for stability. However, if an outputbypass capacitor is desired, the LM4040 is designed to be stable with all capacitive loads.
LM4040A10, LM4040A20SLOS456M –JANUARY 2005–REVISED JANUARY 2015 www.ti.com
9.2.2.4 SOT-23 ConnectionsThere is a parasitic Schottky diode connected between pins 2 and 3 of the SOT-23 packaged device. Thus, pin 3of the SOT-23 package must be left floating or connected to pin 2.
9.2.2.5 Start-Up CharacteristicsIn any data conversion system, start-up characteristics are important, as to determine when it is safe beginconversion based upon a steady and settled reference value. As shown in Figure 9 it is best to allow for >20µsfrom supply start-up to begin conversion.
LM4040A10, LM4040A20www.ti.com SLOS456M –JANUARY 2005–REVISED JANUARY 2015
10 Power Supply Recommendations
In order to not exceed the maximum cathode current, be sure that the supply voltage is current limited.
For applications shunting high currents (15 mA max), pay attention to the cathode and anode trace lengths,adjusting the width of the traces to have the proper current density.
11 Layout
11.1 Layout GuidelinesFigure 10 shows an example of a PCB layout of LM4040XXXDBZ. Some key Vref noise considerations are:• Connect a low-ESR, 0.1-μF (CL) ceramic bypass capacitor on the cathode pin node.• Decouple other active devices in the system per the device specifications.• Using a solid ground plane helps distribute heat and reduces electromagnetic interference (EMI) noise pickup.• Place the external components as close to the device as possible. This configuration prevents parasitic errors
(such as the Seebeck effect) from occurring.• Do not run sensitive analog traces in parallel with digital traces. Avoid crossing digital and analog traces if
possible and only make perpendicular crossings when absolutely necessary.
LM4040A10, LM4040A20SLOS456M –JANUARY 2005–REVISED JANUARY 2015 www.ti.com
12 Device and Documentation Support
12.1 Related LinksThe table below lists quick access links. Categories include technical documents, support and communityresources, tools and software, and quick access to sample or buy.
Table 3. Related LinksTECHNICAL TOOLS & SUPPORT &PARTS PRODUCT FOLDER SAMPLE & BUY DOCUMENTS SOFTWARE COMMUNITY
LM4040A10 Click here Click here Click here Click here Click hereLM4040A20 Click here Click here Click here Click here Click here
12.2 TrademarksAll trademarks are the property of their respective owners.
12.3 Electrostatic Discharge CautionThese devices have limited built-in ESD protection. The leads should be shorted together or the device placed in conductive foamduring storage or handling to prevent electrostatic damage to the MOS gates.
12.4 GlossarySLYZ022 — TI Glossary.
This glossary lists and explains terms, acronyms, and definitions.
13 Mechanical, Packaging, and Orderable InformationThe following pages include mechanical, packaging, and orderable information. This information is the mostcurrent data available for the designated devices. This data is subject to change without notice and revision ofthis document. For browser-based versions of this data sheet, refer to the left-hand navigation.
LM4040D50IDBZRG4 ACTIVE SOT-23 DBZ 3 3000 Green (RoHS& no Sb/Br)
CU NIPDAU Level-1-260C-UNLIM -40 to 85 (4ND3 ~ 4NDU)
LM4040D50IDBZT ACTIVE SOT-23 DBZ 3 250 Green (RoHS& no Sb/Br)
CU NIPDAU Level-1-260C-UNLIM -40 to 85 (4ND3 ~ 4NDU)
LM4040D50IDBZTG4 ACTIVE SOT-23 DBZ 3 250 Green (RoHS& no Sb/Br)
CU NIPDAU Level-1-260C-UNLIM -40 to 85 (4ND3 ~ 4NDU)
LM4040D50IDCKR ACTIVE SC70 DCK 5 3000 Green (RoHS& no Sb/Br)
CU NIPDAU Level-1-260C-UNLIM -40 to 85 M4U
LM4040D50IDCKRG4 ACTIVE SC70 DCK 5 3000 Green (RoHS& no Sb/Br)
CU NIPDAU Level-1-260C-UNLIM -40 to 85 M4U
LM4040D50ILP ACTIVE TO-92 LP 3 1000 Pb-Free(RoHS)
CU SN N / A for Pkg Type -40 to 85 NFD50I
LM4040D50ILPE3 ACTIVE TO-92 LP 3 1000 Pb-Free(RoHS)
CU SN N / A for Pkg Type -40 to 85 NFD50I
LM4040D50ILPR ACTIVE TO-92 LP 3 2000 Pb-Free(RoHS)
CU SN N / A for Pkg Type -40 to 85 NFD50I
LM4040D50ILPRE3 ACTIVE TO-92 LP 3 2000 Pb-Free(RoHS)
CU SN N / A for Pkg Type -40 to 85 NFD50I
LM4040D50QDBZR ACTIVE SOT-23 DBZ 3 3000 Green (RoHS& no Sb/Br)
CU NIPDAU Level-1-260C-UNLIM -40 to 125 (4NF3 ~ 4NFU)
LM4040D50QDBZT ACTIVE SOT-23 DBZ 3 250 Green (RoHS& no Sb/Br)
CU NIPDAU Level-1-260C-UNLIM -40 to 125 (4NF3 ~ 4NFU)
LM4040D82IDBZR ACTIVE SOT-23 DBZ 3 3000 Green (RoHS& no Sb/Br)
CU NIPDAU Level-1-260C-UNLIM -40 to 85 (4NP3 ~ 4NPU)
LM4040D82IDBZT ACTIVE SOT-23 DBZ 3 250 Green (RoHS& no Sb/Br)
CU NIPDAU Level-1-260C-UNLIM -40 to 85 (4NP3 ~ 4NPU)
LM4040D82IDCKR ACTIVE SC70 DCK 5 3000 Green (RoHS& no Sb/Br)
CU NIPDAU Level-1-260C-UNLIM -40 to 85 PGU
LM4040D82ILP ACTIVE TO-92 LP 3 1000 Pb-Free(RoHS)
CU SN N / A for Pkg Type -40 to 85 NFD82I
LM4040D82ILPR ACTIVE TO-92 LP 3 2000 Pb-Free(RoHS)
CU SN N / A for Pkg Type -40 to 85 NFD82I
(1) The marketing status values are defined as follows:ACTIVE: Product device recommended for new designs.LIFEBUY: TI has announced that the device will be discontinued, and a lifetime-buy period is in effect.NRND: Not recommended for new designs. Device is in production to support existing customers, but TI does not recommend using this part in a new design.
PREVIEW: Device has been announced but is not in production. Samples may or may not be available.OBSOLETE: TI has discontinued the production of the device.
(2) Eco Plan - The planned eco-friendly classification: Pb-Free (RoHS), Pb-Free (RoHS Exempt), or Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) - please check http://www.ti.com/productcontent for the latest availabilityinformation and additional product content details.TBD: The Pb-Free/Green conversion plan has not been defined.Pb-Free (RoHS): TI's terms "Lead-Free" or "Pb-Free" mean semiconductor products that are compatible with the current RoHS requirements for all 6 substances, including the requirement thatlead not exceed 0.1% by weight in homogeneous materials. Where designed to be soldered at high temperatures, TI Pb-Free products are suitable for use in specified lead-free processes.Pb-Free (RoHS Exempt): This component has a RoHS exemption for either 1) lead-based flip-chip solder bumps used between the die and package, or 2) lead-based die adhesive used betweenthe die and leadframe. The component is otherwise considered Pb-Free (RoHS compatible) as defined above.Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br): TI defines "Green" to mean Pb-Free (RoHS compatible), and free of Bromine (Br) and Antimony (Sb) based flame retardants (Br or Sb do not exceed 0.1% by weightin homogeneous material)
(3) MSL, Peak Temp. - The Moisture Sensitivity Level rating according to the JEDEC industry standard classifications, and peak solder temperature.
(4) There may be additional marking, which relates to the logo, the lot trace code information, or the environmental category on the device.
(5) Multiple Device Markings will be inside parentheses. Only one Device Marking contained in parentheses and separated by a "~" will appear on a device. If a line is indented then it is a continuationof the previous line and the two combined represent the entire Device Marking for that device.
(6) Lead/Ball Finish - Orderable Devices may have multiple material finish options. Finish options are separated by a vertical ruled line. Lead/Ball Finish values may wrap to two lines if the finishvalue exceeds the maximum column width.
Important Information and Disclaimer:The information provided on this page represents TI's knowledge and belief as of the date that it is provided. TI bases its knowledge and belief on informationprovided by third parties, and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of such information. Efforts are underway to better integrate information from third parties. TI has taken andcontinues to take reasonable steps to provide representative and accurate information but may not have conducted destructive testing or chemical analysis on incoming materials and chemicals.TI and TI suppliers consider certain information to be proprietary, and thus CAS numbers and other limited information may not be available for release.
In no event shall TI's liability arising out of such information exceed the total purchase price of the TI part(s) at issue in this document sold by TI to Customer on an annual basis.
OTHER QUALIFIED VERSIONS OF LM4040C25 :
• Enhanced Product: LM4040C25-EP
NOTE: Qualified Version Definitions:
• Enhanced Product - Supports Defense, Aerospace and Medical Applications
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